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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-[(Z)-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)methylideneamino]-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide —— C12H8BrN3O5
    N-[(Z)-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)methylideneamino]-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide
    —— N-[(Z)-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)methylideneamino]-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzamide —— C12H8BrN3O5
    N-[(Z)-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)methylideneamino]-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzamide
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-N-[(Z)-(2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide —— C14H10N4O6
    2-hydroxy-5-nitro-N-[(Z)-(2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 2-hydroxy-N-[(Z)-(4-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]-5-nitrobenzamide —— C15H13N3O4
    2-hydroxy-N-[(Z)-(4-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]-5-nitrobenzamide
    —— (4R)-4-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-hydroxy-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]butanamide —— C20H24N2O5
    (4R)-4-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-hydroxy-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]butanamide
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-N-[(Z)-(4-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide —— C14H10N4O6
    2-hydroxy-5-nitro-N-[(Z)-(4-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 5-[(2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoyl]-4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzonitrile —— C14H13NO3
    5-[(2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoyl]-4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzonitrile
    —— (4S)-4-hydroxy-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-phenylbutanamide —— C18H20N2O4
    (4S)-4-hydroxy-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-phenylbutanamide
    —— (4R)-4-hydroxy-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-phenylbutanamide —— C18H20N2O4
    (4R)-4-hydroxy-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-phenylbutanamide
    —— 2-[4-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]pyridin-1-ium-1-yl]acetic acid;2,4,6-trinitrophenol —— C21H17N4O9+
    2-[4-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]pyridin-1-ium-1-yl]acetic acid;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 2-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol —— C19H14N4O7
    2-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 3-Nitrobenzene-1,2-diol;4-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol —— C12H10N2O8
    3-Nitrobenzene-1,2-diol;4-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol
    —— (Z)-but-2-enedioic acid;N-[2-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-morpholin-4-ylacetamide —— C28H36N2O10
    (Z)-but-2-enedioic acid;N-[2-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-morpholin-4-ylacetamide
    —— 2-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]guanidine —— C8H10N4O
    2-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]guanidine
    —— (4S)-4-hydroxy-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-phenylbutanamide —— C17H18N2O3
    (4S)-4-hydroxy-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-phenylbutanamide
    —— (4R)-4-hydroxy-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-phenylbutanamide —— C17H18N2O3
    (4R)-4-hydroxy-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-phenylbutanamide
    —— (4E)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-oxazol-5-one —— C17H12ClNO4
    (4E)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-oxazol-5-one
    —— (4E)-2-(2-bromophenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-oxazol-5-one —— C17H12BrNO4
    (4E)-2-(2-bromophenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-oxazol-5-one
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[(Z)-2-methyl-3-nitroprop-1-enyl]phenol —— C11H13NO4
    2-methoxy-4-[(Z)-2-methyl-3-nitroprop-1-enyl]phenol
    —— 2-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5-nitrophenol —— C14H12N2O4
    2-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5-nitrophenol
    —— 2-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-nitrophenol —— C14H12N2O4
    2-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2-[(E)-but-2-enyl]phenol;4-[(E)-but-2-enyl]phenol —— C20H24O2
    2-[(E)-but-2-enyl]phenol;4-[(E)-but-2-enyl]phenol
    —— 2-[(E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-6-hydroxypyran-4-one —— C13H10O5
    2-[(E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-6-hydroxypyran-4-one
    —— 2-[(E)-heptadec-8-enyl]benzene-1,4-diol —— C23H38O2
    2-[(E)-heptadec-8-enyl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2-Propenal, 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl), (Z)- —— C10H10O3
    2-Propenal, 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl), (Z)-
    —— 4-[2-(Methylamino)-1-methylsulfanylethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;chloride —— C10H15ClNO2S-
    4-[2-(Methylamino)-1-methylsulfanylethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;chloride
    —— (5E)-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one —— C16H18N2O3S
    (5E)-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one
    —— (6E)-4-chloro-6-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)pyrazolidin-3-ylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C16H15ClN2O3
    (6E)-4-chloro-6-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)pyrazolidin-3-ylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— (5E)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(3-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one —— C16H18N2O2S
    (5E)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(3-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[(Z)-[[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol —— C15H13F3N2O2
    2-methoxy-5-[(Z)-[[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol
    —— (5Z)-5-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-1-methylimidazolidin-4-one —— C12H12BrN3O3
    (5Z)-5-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-1-methylimidazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[[(E)-(2-chloro-5-methoxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]amino]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H14Cl2N2O5S2
    (5Z)-5-[(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[[(E)-(2-chloro-5-methoxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]amino]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione —— C12H9ClN2O4S
    5-(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
    —— 2-[(5E)-5-[(2-chlorophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide —— C18H12ClN3O5S2
    2-[(5E)-5-[(2-chlorophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— 5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-dimethyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione —— C13H11N3O5S
    5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-dimethyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
    —— 2-[(5E)-5-[(2-chlorophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide —— C18H12ClN3O5S2
    2-[(5E)-5-[(2-chlorophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— ethyl (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-nitroanilino)-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate —— C21H18N2O7S
    ethyl (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-nitroanilino)-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate
    —— 5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-dimethyl-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione —— C14H13BrN2O4S
    5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-dimethyl-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
    —— 4-[(5E)-5-[(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)butanamide —— C20H16FN3O5S2
    4-[(5E)-5-[(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)butanamide
    —— 5-(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-dimethyl-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione —— C14H13BrN2O4S
    5-(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-dimethyl-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
    —— 3-chloro-N'-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzylidene)-1-benzothiophene-2-carbohydrazide —— C16H10ClN3O4S
    3-chloro-N'-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzylidene)-1-benzothiophene-2-carbohydrazide
    —— (5E)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione —— C20H16BrClN2O7
    (5E)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-thiophen-2-yl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C21H16BrN3O6S2
    ethyl (2Z)-2-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-thiophen-2-yl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-thiophen-2-yl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C21H17BrN2O4S2
    ethyl (2Z)-2-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-thiophen-2-yl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— methyl (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-4-oxo-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C15H15NO5
    methyl (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-4-oxo-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-4-oxo-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C16H17NO5
    ethyl (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-4-oxo-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-4-oxo-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C15H15NO4
    ethyl (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-4-oxo-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-[(2Z)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-[(Z)-2-(phenylmethylidene)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl]acetic acid —— C18H15N3O4S
    2-[(2Z)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-[(Z)-2-(phenylmethylidene)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl]acetic acid
    —— N'-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carbohydrazide —— C15H11N3O6
    N'-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carbohydrazide
    —— 1-[(2R)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-thiophen-2-ylethyl]-3-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]urea —— C17H23N3O2S
    1-[(2R)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-thiophen-2-ylethyl]-3-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]urea