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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (4R)-5-cyano-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-6-[2-oxo-2-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl]sulfanyl-N-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide —— C26H23N5O4S2
    (4R)-5-cyano-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-6-[2-oxo-2-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl]sulfanyl-N-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide
    —— Phenol, 2,4-di(2-penten-4-yl)-6-methyl- —— C17H24O
    Phenol, 2,4-di(2-penten-4-yl)-6-methyl-
    —— (5E)-2-(2,3-dichloroanilino)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C16H9Cl2N3O4S
    (5E)-2-(2,3-dichloroanilino)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— Benzeneethenylamine, 3,4-dihydroxy-N-isopropyl- —— C11H15NO2
    Benzeneethenylamine, 3,4-dihydroxy-N-isopropyl-
    —— (5Z)-3-cyclohexyl-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C22H22N2O2S
    (5Z)-3-cyclohexyl-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-[(3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylamino]-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C19H16BrN3O4S
    (5E)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-[(3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylamino]-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— (5Z)-3-cyclohexyl-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C22H22N2O2S
    (5Z)-3-cyclohexyl-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— Phenol, 2-(2-penten-4-yl)-4-methyl- —— C12H16O
    Phenol, 2-(2-penten-4-yl)-4-methyl-
    —— (E)-1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-hept-2-en-1-one 41873-84-1 C14H18O2
    (E)-1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-hept-2-en-1-one
    —— (6E)-2,4-dichloro-6-[(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C15H13Cl2NO2
    (6E)-2,4-dichloro-6-[(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— (5Z)-3-benzyl-2-benzylimino-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C24H20N2O2S
    (5Z)-3-benzyl-2-benzylimino-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (4E)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-1,3-oxazol-5-one —— C11H8N2O5
    (4E)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-1,3-oxazol-5-one
    —— N-[(5E)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]acetamide —— C12H10N2O3S
    N-[(5E)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]acetamide
    —— 3-(6-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,7-dienyl)-4-methoxy-phenol —— C17H24O3
    3-(6-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,7-dienyl)-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— (4Z)-4-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazol-5-one —— C18H14BrNO4
    (4Z)-4-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazol-5-one
    —— (4Z)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazol-5-one —— C17H12N2O5
    (4Z)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazol-5-one
    —— (4E)-4-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-1,3-oxazol-5-one —— C12H10BrNO4
    (4E)-4-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-1,3-oxazol-5-one
    —— 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylnitrosoamino)ethyl]-5-nitro-, (-)- —— C9H11N3O6
    1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylnitrosoamino)ethyl]-5-nitro-, (-)-
    —— Phenol, 2,6-bis(3-chloro-2-propenyl)- —— C12H12Cl2O
    Phenol, 2,6-bis(3-chloro-2-propenyl)-
    —— 2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylideneamino)-5-nitrophenol —— C14H10N2O5
    2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylideneamino)-5-nitrophenol
    —— 4-((Z)-2-Nitro-propenyl)-phenol —— C9H9NO3
    4-((Z)-2-Nitro-propenyl)-phenol
    —— 2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylideneamino)-4-nitrophenol —— C14H10N2O5
    2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylideneamino)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2-ethoxy-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one —— C15H14N2O5
    2-ethoxy-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— 2-ethoxy-4-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one —— C15H14N2O5
    2-ethoxy-4-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— 2-ethoxy-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one —— C16H17NO3
    2-ethoxy-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— (4E)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C16H11N3O5
    (4E)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— ethyl (2E)-2-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-3-oxobutanoate —— C12H13N3O6
    ethyl (2E)-2-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-3-oxobutanoate
    —— 4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-6-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2,5(6H)-dione —— C18H12O8
    4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-6-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2,5(6H)-dione
    —— 2-[(5R)-2-amino-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[4,3-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-5-yl]phenol —— C10H9N3OS2
    2-[(5R)-2-amino-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[4,3-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— 2-[(5S)-2-amino-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[4,3-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-5-yl]phenol —— C10H9N3OS2
    2-[(5S)-2-amino-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[4,3-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— (5Z)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(2-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H13ClN2O2S
    (5Z)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(2-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-[(2E)-4-chloro-2-(3,4-dichloropyrrol-2-ylidene)-3H-1,3-oxazol-5-yl]phenol —— C13H7Cl3N2O2
    4-[(2E)-4-chloro-2-(3,4-dichloropyrrol-2-ylidene)-3H-1,3-oxazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— methyl (2E)-2-cyano-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]acetate —— C10H8N4O5
    methyl (2E)-2-cyano-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]acetate
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-cyano-2-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]acetate —— C11H10N4O5
    ethyl (2Z)-2-cyano-2-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]acetate
    —— 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-N'-[(E)-(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]benzohydrazide —— C14H10N4O7
    2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-N'-[(E)-(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]benzohydrazide
    —— Phenol, 2-(1-benzotriazolyl)-5-nitro- —— C13H11N5O3
    Phenol, 2-(1-benzotriazolyl)-5-nitro-
    —— N-benzyl-N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propanediamide —— C17H17N3O3
    N-benzyl-N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propanediamide
    —— methyl (4Z)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1-(2-phenylethyl)pyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C23H23NO5
    methyl (4Z)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1-(2-phenylethyl)pyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (4Z)-1-benzyl-4-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxopyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C21H19NO4
    methyl (4Z)-1-benzyl-4-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxopyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— (2E)-2-[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-ylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide —— C11H15N3OS
    (2E)-2-[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-ylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide
    —— N-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]pyridine-4-carboxamide —— C13H10N4O4
    N-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]pyridine-4-carboxamide
    —— N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]pyridine-4-carboxamide —— C13H10N4O4
    N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]pyridine-4-carboxamide
    —— methyl (4Z)-1-ethyl-4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxopyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C17H19NO5
    methyl (4Z)-1-ethyl-4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxopyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (4Z)-4-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1-(2-phenylethyl)pyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C22H21NO4
    methyl (4Z)-4-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1-(2-phenylethyl)pyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (4Z)-1-benzyl-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxopyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C22H21NO5
    methyl (4Z)-1-benzyl-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxopyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (4Z)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxopyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C19H17NO5
    methyl (4Z)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxopyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (4Z)-4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1-(2-phenylethyl)pyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C23H23NO5
    methyl (4Z)-4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1-(2-phenylethyl)pyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (4Z)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxopyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C20H19NO6
    methyl (4Z)-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxopyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-phenylbutanamide —— C17H18N2O2
    N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-phenylbutanamide
    —— N'-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-N-prop-2-enylpropanediamide —— C13H15N3O3
    N'-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-N-prop-2-enylpropanediamide