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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2E,5E)-5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-2-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)imino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H17ClN2O4S
    (2E,5E)-5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-2-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)imino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-dimethyl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione —— C15H16N2O5
    5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-dimethyl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione
    —— 3-ethyl-5-[(Z)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ylimino)-1,3-thiazolan-4-one —— C14H13N5O2S
    3-ethyl-5-[(Z)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ylimino)-1,3-thiazolan-4-one
    —— (4E)-4-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyanilino)methylidene]-1H-pyrazol-5-one —— C10H8ClN3O2
    (4E)-4-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyanilino)methylidene]-1H-pyrazol-5-one
    —— (2Z,5E)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-(nitromethylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C12H10N2O4S
    (2Z,5E)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-(nitromethylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-[2-(2-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)vinyl]-4-cyano-3-phenylisoxazole —— C18H12FN3O2
    5-[2-(2-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)vinyl]-4-cyano-3-phenylisoxazole
    —— 5-[2-(4-Hydroxy-2-methylanilino)vinyl]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-4-isothiazolecarbonitrile —— C14H13N3OS2
    5-[2-(4-Hydroxy-2-methylanilino)vinyl]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-4-isothiazolecarbonitrile
    —— (4Z)-4-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyanilino)methylidene]-5-methyl-2-phenylpyrazol-3-one —— C17H14ClN3O2
    (4Z)-4-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyanilino)methylidene]-5-methyl-2-phenylpyrazol-3-one
    —— (4Z)-4-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyanilino)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-3-one —— C12H9ClF3N3O2
    (4Z)-4-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyanilino)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-3-one
    —— 4-[[(E)-2-(1,3-dimethyl-5-nitropyrazol-4-yl)ethenyl]amino]-3-methylphenol —— C14H16N4O3
    4-[[(E)-2-(1,3-dimethyl-5-nitropyrazol-4-yl)ethenyl]amino]-3-methylphenol
    —— (4E)-4-[(4-hydroxy-2-methylanilino)methylidene]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-one —— C12H10F3N3O2
    (4E)-4-[(4-hydroxy-2-methylanilino)methylidene]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-one
    —— methyl N-[(Z)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]carbamate —— C10H12N2O3
    methyl N-[(Z)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]carbamate
    —— (4Z)-2-bromo-4-[3-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-ylidene]-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one —— C22H18Br2N2O4
    (4Z)-2-bromo-4-[3-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-ylidene]-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-[(Z)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C17H15N3O4S
    2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-[(Z)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— 2-[4-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]phenoxy]-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C20H24N2O4
    2-[4-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]phenoxy]-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— 2-[4-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]phenoxy]-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C20H24N2O4
    2-[4-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]phenoxy]-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— 2-[(2E,5R)-2-[(Z)-benzylidenehydrazinylidene]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl]acetic acid —— C18H15N3O4S
    2-[(2E,5R)-2-[(Z)-benzylidenehydrazinylidene]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl]acetic acid
    —— (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H18N2O4S2
    (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-[(Z)-[3-[(4-bromophenyl)methylsulfanyl]-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]iminomethyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C18H17BrN4O2S
    5-[(Z)-[3-[(4-bromophenyl)methylsulfanyl]-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]iminomethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(3-methyl-5-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrazol-4-yl)propanamide —— C15H18N4O4
    N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(3-methyl-5-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrazol-4-yl)propanamide
    —— 2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C17H16N4O3S
    2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— (5E)-1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione —— C20H17FN2O5
    (5E)-1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione
    —— 5-bromo-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]pyridine-3-carboxamide —— C14H12BrN3O3
    5-bromo-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]pyridine-3-carboxamide
    —— 5-bromo-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]pyridine-3-carboxamide —— C13H9BrN4O4
    5-bromo-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]pyridine-3-carboxamide
    —— 2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-N'-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide —— C17H16BrN3O5
    2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-N'-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide
    —— (2R)-N-[(Z)-(4-fluorophenyl)methylideneamino]-2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)-2-phenylacetamide —— C21H17FN4O4
    (2R)-N-[(Z)-(4-fluorophenyl)methylideneamino]-2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)-2-phenylacetamide
    —— (2S)-N-[(Z)-(4-fluorophenyl)methylideneamino]-2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)-2-phenylacetamide —— C21H17FN4O4
    (2S)-N-[(Z)-(4-fluorophenyl)methylideneamino]-2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)-2-phenylacetamide
    —— 4-nitro-3-[[4-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazin-4-ium-1-yl]methyl]phenolate —— C20H23N3O3
    4-nitro-3-[[4-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazin-4-ium-1-yl]methyl]phenolate
    —— ethyl (2Z,5R)-2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H22N2O5S
    ethyl (2Z,5R)-2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 3-[(Z)-[(E)-[phenyl(1,3,5-triazatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decan-7-yl)methylidene]hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol —— C21H23N5O
    3-[(Z)-[(E)-[phenyl(1,3,5-triazatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decan-7-yl)methylidene]hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol
    —— (2Z)-2-[(Z)-benzylidenehydrazinylidene]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H13N3O2S
    (2Z)-2-[(Z)-benzylidenehydrazinylidene]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2E)-2-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidenehydrazinylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C10H9N3O2S
    (2E)-2-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidenehydrazinylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione —— C18H12BrClN2O5
    (5E)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
    —— methyl (2Z,5R)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C22H18N2O4S
    methyl (2Z,5R)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (5E)-5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-1-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione —— C15H13ClN2O4S
    (5E)-5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-1-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
    —— (5E)-5-[4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(prop-2-en-1-yl)benzylidene]-1-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione —— C18H18N2O4S
    (5E)-5-[4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(prop-2-en-1-yl)benzylidene]-1-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
    —— 2-[(2Z,5R)-2-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidenehydrazinylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl]acetic acid —— C12H11N3O4S
    2-[(2Z,5R)-2-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidenehydrazinylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl]acetic acid
    —— 5-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-diethyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione —— C16H17ClN2O4S
    5-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-diethyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
    —— 4-bromo-N-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide —— C14H10BrN3O4
    4-bromo-N-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— (2E)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)amino]prop-2-en-1-one —— C15H10Cl2N2O4
    (2E)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)amino]prop-2-en-1-one
    —— (5Z)-3-ethyl-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one —— C13H14N2O3S
    (5Z)-3-ethyl-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-3-benzyl-5-[(2E)-3-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylprop-2-en-1-ylidene]-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H16ClNO2S2
    (5E)-3-benzyl-5-[(2E)-3-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylprop-2-en-1-ylidene]-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (1R,2R)-2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid 731812-28-5 C10H10O3
    (1R,2R)-2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid
    —— (1S,2R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid —— C11H12O4
    (1S,2R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,2S)-2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid —— C11H11BrO4
    (1S,2S)-2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,2R)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid —— C10H10O3
    (1S,2R)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— (1R,2S)-2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid —— C11H11BrO4
    (1R,2S)-2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— (1R,2S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid —— C11H12O4
    (1R,2S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,2R)-2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid —— C11H11BrO4
    (1S,2R)-2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— rac-(1R,2R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid —— C11H12O4
    rac-(1R,2R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid