有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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灵芝酸X | ganoderic acid X | 86377-53-9 | C32H48O5 |
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灵芝酸T-Q | ganoderic acid T-Q | 112430-66-7 | C32H46O5 |
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灵芝酸N | Ganoderic acid N | 110241-19-5 | C30H42O8 |
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灵芝酸K | 12beta-Acetyloxy-3beta,7beta-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-5alpha-lanost-8-en-26-oic acid | 104700-95-0 | C32H46O9 |
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灵芝酸F | ganoderic acid F | 98665-15-7 | C32H42O9 |
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灵芝酸F | ganoderic acid E | 98665-14-6 | C30H40O7 |
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灵芝酸AM1 | (6R)-6-[(3S,10S,13R,14R,17R)-3-Hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-7,11,15-trioxo-1,2,3,5,6,12,16,17-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methyl-4-oxoheptanoic acid | 149507-55-1 | C30H42O7 |
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灵芝烯酸F | 2-Methyl-4-oxo-6-(4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-3,7,11,15-tetraoxo-2,5,6,12,16,17-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)hept-5-enoic acid | 120462-47-7 | C30H38O7 |
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灭螨醌 | acequinocyl | 57960-19-7 | C24H32O4 |
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溶剂黄18 | Sudangelb G | 6407-78-9 | C18H18N4O |
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溶剂红45 | 6359-05-3 | C22H12Br4KO5 |
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溴酸咖啡鹼 | Caffeine hydrobromide | 5743-18-0 | C8H11BrN4O2 |
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溴苯腈庚酸酯 | bromoxynil heptanoate | 56634-95-8 | C14H15Br2NO2 |
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溴苯-13C6 | [13C6]bromobenzene | 112630-77-0 | C6H5Br |
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溴苯 | bromobenzene | 52753-63-6 | C6H5Br |
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溴碘甲烷 | iodobromomethane | 557-68-6 | CH2BrI |
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溴甲苯 | benzyl bromide | 100-39-0 | C7H7Br |
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溴甲基环戊烷 | cyclopentylmethyl bromide | 3814-30-0 | C6H11Br |
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溴甲基环己烷 | (bromomethylcyclohexane) | 2550-36-9 | C7H13Br |
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溴甲基环丙烷 | Cyclopropylmethyl bromide | 7051-34-5 | C4H7Br |
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溴甲基环丁烷 | (Bromomethyl)cyclobutane | 17247-58-4 | C5H9Br |
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溴环戊烷-D9 | bromocyclopentane-d<sub>9</sub> | 35468-44-1 | C5H9Br |
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溴氯芬 | 6,6'-dibromo-4,4'-dichloro-2,2'-methanediyl-di-phenol | 15435-29-7 | C13H8Br2Cl2O2 |
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溴氯唑酮 | 6-bromo-5-chlorobenzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one | 5579-85-1 | C7H3BrClNO2 |
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溴氨酸 | 6258-06-6 | C14H8BrNNaO5S |
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溴氟甲烷 | bromofluoromethane | 373-52-4 | CH2BrF |
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溴氟甲基膦酸二乙酯 | diethyl (bromodifluoromethyl)phosphonate | 65094-22-6 | C5H10BrF2O3P |
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溴异酞酸 | Broxitalamic acid | 86216-41-3 | C12H11Br3N2O5 |
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溴异氰脲酸类味精盐 | Sodium;6-bromo-1,3-diaza-5-azanidacyclohexane-2,4-dione | 164918-61-0 | C3H3BrN3NaO2 |
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溴己烷 | 1-bromo-hexane | 111-25-1 | C6H13Br |
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溴双(4-氟苯基)甲烷 | bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylbromide | 345-90-4 | C13H9BrF2 |
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溴化锡 | stannic bromide | 7789-67-5 | Br4Sn |
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溴化锗 | tetrabromogermane | 13450-92-5 | Br4Ge |
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溴化异戊基三苯基磷 | isoamyltriphenylphosphonium bromide | 28322-40-9 | Br*C23H26P |
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溴化亚铜二甲硫醚 | copper(I) bromide dimethylsulfide complex | 54678-23-8 | C2H6BrCuS |
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溴化二氢3-[2-(乙酰氧基)乙基]-2-[3-[3-[2-(乙酰氧基)乙基]-5-氰基-1-乙基-1,3--2H-苯并咪唑-2-亚基]-1-丙烯基]-5-氰基-1-乙基-1H-苯并咪唑正离子 | 3-[2-(acetoxy)ethyl]-2-(3-{3-[2-(acetoxy)ethyl]-5-cyano-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-ylidene}-1-propenyl)-5-cyano-1-ethyl-1H-benzimidazolium bromide | 53132-01-7 | Br*C31H33N6O4 |
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溴化乳糖醛酸钙 | Calcium bromolactobionate | 33659-28-8 | C24H42Br2Ca2O24 |
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溴化乙烯基三苯基膦 | vinyltriphenylphosphonium bromide | 5044-52-0 | Br*C20H18P |
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溴化3,4-(甲二氧基)苯基镁 | 3,4-(Methylenedioxy)phenylmagnesiumbromide | 17680-04-5 | C7H5BrMgO2 |
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溴化2,3,4,5,6,-五溴苄酯 | 2,3,4,5,6-pentabromobenzyl bromide | 38521-51-6 | C7H2Br6 |
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溴化1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑 | 3-methyl-1-propylimidazolium bromide | 85100-76-1 | Br*C7H13N2 |
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溴克立新 | 5-aminooxymethyl-2-bromo-phenol | 555-65-7 | C7H8BrNO2 |
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溴代环辛烷 | cyclooctyl bromide | 1556-09-8 | C8H15Br |
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溴代环戊烷 | Cyclopentyl bromide | 137-43-9 | C5H9Br |
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溴代环庚烷 | cycloheptyl bromide | 2404-35-5 | C7H13Br |
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溴代环己烷 | 1-bromocyclohexane | 108-85-0 | C6H11Br |
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溴代环丙烷 | cyclopropyl bromide | 4333-56-6 | C3H5Br |
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溴代异丁酸丙炔酯溴代异丁酸炔丙酯 | 2-bromo-2-methylpropionic acid-2-propynyl ester | 40630-86-2 | C7H9BrO2 |
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溴代异丁酸丁二醇酯 溴代异丁酸羟丁酯 | 4-hydroxybutyl 2-bromo-2-methylpropanoate | 274693-62-8 | C8H15BrO3 |
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溴代叔丁烷 | t-butyl bromide | 507-19-7 | C4H9Br |
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