有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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重铬酸吡啶 | dipyridinium dichromate | 20039-37-6 | 2C5H6N*Cr2O7 |
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重酒石酸钠 一水合物 | Sodium bitartrate monohydrate | 6131-98-2 | C4H7NaO7 |
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重酒石酸去氧肾上腺素 | Phenylephrine tartrate | 17162-39-9 | C13H19NO8 |
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重氮胺基苯 | 1,3-Diphenyltriazen | 136-35-6 | C12H11N3 |
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重氮甲烷 | diazomethane | 334-88-3 | CH2N2 |
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重氮乙酸乙酯 | diazoacetic acid ethyl ester | 623-73-4 | C4H6N2O2 |
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重氮丙酸二乙酯 | 1,3-diethyl 2-diazopropanedioate | 5256-74-6 | C7H10N2O4 |
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里哪基辛酸酯 | Linalyl octanoate | 10024-64-3 | C18H32O2 |
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醛固酮21-乙酸酯 | aldosterone 21-acetate | 2827-21-6 | C23H30O6 |
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醌氢醌 | quinhydrone | 106-34-3 | C6H4O2*C6H6O2 |
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醋酸镍 | Acetic acid;nickel | 373-02-4 | C2H4NiO2 |
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醋酸锡 | Tin(II)acetate | 2800-96-6 | C2H4O2Sn |
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醋酸铒水合物 | Acetic acid--erbium--water (3/1/4) | 207234-04-6 | C6H20ErO10 |
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醋酸钯 | palladium+acetic acid | 3375-31-3 | C2H4O2*Pd |
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醋酸钯 | palladium(II) acetate | 3375-31-3 | C4H6O4Pd |
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醋酸钌 | Ruthenium(III) acetate | 72196-32-8 | C6H9O6Ru |
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醋酸钇 | Yttrium(III) acetate tetrahydrate | 207801-28-3 | C6H17O10Y |
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醋酸艾司利卡西平 | eslicarbazepine acetate | 236395-14-5 | C17H16N2O3 |
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醋酸甲地孕酮 | 17α-Acetoxy-6-methylene-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione | 32634-95-0 | C24H32O4 |
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醋酸氧铀锌 | zinc;dioxouranium;diacetate | 10138-94-0 | C4H6O6UZn |
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醋酸曲普瑞林 | triptorelin acetate | 140194-24-7 | C2H4O2*C64H82N18O13 |
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醋酸地马孕酮 | 6-chloro-17a-acetoxy-pregnane-1,4,6-,triene-3,20-dione | 13698-49-2 | C23H27ClO4 |
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醋酸去氢表雄酮 | 3β-acetoxy-5α-androstan-17-one | 1239-31-2 | C21H32O3 |
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醋酸(Z)-11-十四烯酯 | (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate | 20711-10-8 | C16H30O2 |
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醋氯芬酸苄酯 | aceclofenac benzyl ester | 100499-89-6 | C23H19Cl2NO4 |
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醋氯芬酸乙酯 | 2-(2-[(2',6'-dichlorophenyl)amino]phenyl)acetoxyacetate | 139272-67-6 | C18H17Cl2NO4 |
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酸浆果红素 | (3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin dipalmitate | 144-67-2 | C72H116O4 |
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酸性棕S-BL | Chromate(2-), (3-((4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-(oxo-kappaO)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)azo-kappaN)-4-(hydroxy-kappaO)benzenesulfonato(3-))(1-((2-(hydroxy-kappaO)-5-(phenylazo)phenyl)azo-kappaN1)-2-naphthalenolato(2-)-kappaO)-, disodium | 12219-72-6 | C38H25CrN8Na2O7S |
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酸性媒介黑2B | 3-hydroxy-4-(1-hydroxy-[2]naphthylazo)-7-nitro-naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid | 25747-08-4 | C20H13N3O7S |
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酸性媒介棕48 | 2-(5-Chloro-2,4-diaminophenylazo)-4,6-dinitrophenol | 6232-53-7 | C12H9ClN6O5 |
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酸性媒介桃红3BM | Spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-2'-carboxylic acid, 6'-(diethylamino)-3'-hydroxy-3-oxo- | 6359-29-1 | C25H21NO6 |
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酸四嗪 | 2-(4-(1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)phenyl)acetic acid | 1380500-92-4 | C10H8N4O2 |
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酮洛芬酰胺 | 2-(3-benzoylphenyl)propanamide | 59512-16-2 | C16H15NO2 |
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酮替芬EP杂质A | 4-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-<i>b</i>]thiophen-4-ylidene-1-methyl-piperidine | 4673-38-5 | C19H19NS |
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酮基保太松 | kebuzone | 853-34-9 | C19H18N2O3 |
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酮咯酸杂质H | (+/-)-ketorolac methyl ester | 80965-09-9 | C16H15NO3 |
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酮咯酸杂质G | (+/-)-Methyl 5-benzoyl-1-hydroxy2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylate | 1391051-90-3 | C16H15NO4 |
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酮咯酸杂质F | (+/-)-7-Benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid | 1391052-68-8 | C15H13NO3 |
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酮咯酸杂质E | 5-Benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-1,1-bis-hydroxymethyl-ethyl)-amide | 167105-80-8 | C19H22N2O5 |
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酮咯酸杂质D | 5-benzoyl-1-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolazine-1-carboxylic acid | 1391053-45-4 | C16H15NO4 |
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酮咯酸乙酯 | ketorolac acid ethyl ester | 108061-03-6 | C17H17NO3 |
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酮丙二酸 | dihydroxymalonic acid | 560-27-0 | C3H4O6 |
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酪胺盐酸盐 | tyramine hydrochloride | 60-19-5 | C8H11NO*ClH |
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酞菁镍 | nickel(II) phthalocyanine | 14055-02-8 | C32H16N8Ni |
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酞菁镁 | magnesium(II) phthalocyanine | 1661-03-6 | C32H16MgN8 |
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酞菁锡 | phthalocyaninatotin(II) | 15304-57-1 | C32H16N8Sn |
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酞菁锌 | zinc(II) phthalocyanine | 14320-04-8 | C32H16N8Zn |
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酞菁铜(II)四磺酸四钠盐 | Copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt | 27360-85-6 | C32H12CuN8O12S4.4Na |
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酞菁钴 | cobalt(II) phthalocyanine | 3317-67-7 | C32H16CoN8 |
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酞氰镁 | manganese(II) phthalocyanin | 14325-24-7 | C32H16MnN8 |
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