有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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硝态硝酸铵-15N | Ammonium nitrate-15N | 31432-46-9 | H4N2O3 |
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硝基苯 | nitrobenzene | 98-95-3 | C6H5NO2 |
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硝基苄醇丙二酸单酯镁 | magnesium mono-p-nitrobenzyl malonate | 83972-01-4 | C20H16MgN2O12 |
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硝基脲 | nitrourea | 556-89-8 | CH3N3O3 |
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硝基甲烷三丙酸 | 4-(2-carboxyethyl)-4-nitroheptanedioic acid | 59085-15-3 | C10H15NO8 |
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硝基环戊烷 | nitrocyclopentane | 2562-38-1 | C5H9NO2 |
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硝基环己烷 | 1-nitrocyclohexane | 1122-60-7 | C6H11NO2 |
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硝基环丁烷 | nitrocyclobutane | 2625-41-4 | C4H7NO2 |
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硝基嗍风偶氮III | Nitrosulfonazo III | 1964-89-2 | C22H14N6O18S4 |
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硝基呋喃妥因一水合物 | nitrofurantoin monohydrate | 17140-81-7 | C8H6N4O5*H2O |
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硝基乙苯 | 2-nitro(ethylbenzene) | 612-22-6 | C8H9NO2 |
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硒化三苯膦 | Triphenylphosphine selenide | 3878-44-2 | C18H15PSe |
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硅酸四苯酯 | tetraphenoxysilane | 1174-72-7 | C24H20O4Si |
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硅酸四烯丙酯 | tetraallyloxysilane | 1067-43-2 | C12H20O4Si |
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硅酸四乙酯 | Tetraethoxysilane | 78-10-4 | C8H20O4Si |
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硅酸二钙 | Silicic acid (H4SiO4), calcium salt (1:2) | 10034-77-2 | Ca2H4O4Si |
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硅酸三甲基甲硅基酯 | Trimethylsilyl trihydrogen silicate | 56275-01-5 | C3H12O4Si2 |
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硅烷二醇二甲酯 | dimethylsilanediol | 1066-42-8 | C2H8O2Si |
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硅烷 | silicon | 7803-62-5 | Si |
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砷酸亚铁 | iron(2+);diarsorate | 10102-50-8 | As2Fe3O8 |
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砷酸三钠七水合物 | Trisodium arsenate | 64070-83-3 | AsNa3O4 |
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砜霉素棕榈酸酯 | Thiamphenicol palmitate | 52628-58-7 | C28H45Cl2NO6S |
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矾酸三(2-甲基丙基)酯 | VANADIUM TRIISOBUTOXIDE OXIDE | 19120-62-8 | C12H27O4V |
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矽雄酮 | Silandrone | 5055-42-5 | C22H36O2Si |
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石蕊酸 | roccellic acid | 29838-46-8 | C17H32O4 |
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石胆酸-2,2,4,4-d<sub>4</sub> | Lithocholic acid-2,2,4,4-d4 | 83701-16-0 | C24H40O3 |
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石炭酸鈣 | 5793-84-0 | C6H6CaO |
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石松胺 | lycopsamine | 10285-07-1 | C15H25NO5 |
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盐酸鲁米诺 | 5-Amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione hydrochloride | 74165-64-3 | C8H8ClN3O2 |
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盐酸高吗啉 | homomorpholine hydrochloride | 178312-62-4 | C5H11NO*ClH |
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盐酸阿罗洛尔 | Arotinolol hydrochloride, (S)- | 101540-26-5 | C15H22ClN3O2S3 |
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盐酸间氨基酚 | 3-aminophenol hydrochloride | 51-81-0 | C6H7NO*ClH |
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盐酸达哌唑 | 3-[2-[4-(2-methylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine;hydrochloride | 72822-13-0 | C19H28ClN5 |
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盐酸苯达莫司汀中间体 | N-(3-Nitrophenyl)-glutaramidsaeure | 25901-27-3 | C11H12N2O5 |
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盐酸苯甲嗪 | cyclizine hydrochloride | 303-25-3 | C18H22N2*ClH |
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盐酸苯海拉明杂质C | [2-(4-bromo-benzhydryloxy)-ethyl]-dimethyl-amine; hydrochloride | 1808-12-4 | C17H20BrNO*ClH |
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盐酸苯佐卡因 | Benzoctamin-hydrochlorid | 10085-81-1 | C18H19N*ClH |
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盐酸肼 | hydrazine hydrochloride | 5341-61-7 | Cl*H5N2 |
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盐酸美噻吨 | metixene hydrochloride | 1553-34-0 | C20H23NS*ClH |
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盐酸罂粟碱杂质20 | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide | 1207386-32-0 | C18H21NO5 |
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盐酸罂粟碱杂质19 | N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide | 361389-65-3 | C19H23NO5 |
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盐酸罂粟碱杂质18 | N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide | 75608-42-3 | C19H23NO5 |
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盐酸索里亚姆 | (R)-2-amino-3-phenylpropyl carbamate hydrochloride | 178429-65-7 | C10H14N2O2*ClH |
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盐酸甲胺 | methylamine hydrochloride | 593-51-1 | CH6N*Cl |
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盐酸瑞伐拉赞 | 4-[3,4-dihydro-1-methyl-2(1H)-isoquinolinyl]-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-5,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidineamine | 199463-33-7 | C22H23FN4 |
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盐酸氟西汀B | methyl-(3-phenyl-propyl)-amine | 23580-89-4 | C10H15N |
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盐酸氟西汀-d5 | Norfluoxetine-d5 Hydrochloride | 1185132-92-6 | C16H17ClF3NO |
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盐酸格拉司琼杂质7 | 5-methyl-6-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-one | 110766-33-1 | C11H12N2O |
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盐酸普罗吩胺 | ethopropazine hydrochloride | 42957-54-0 | C19H25N2S*Cl |
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盐酸扎利罗登 | 1-[2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl]-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride | 90494-79-4 | C24H22F3N*ClH |
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