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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-[1-[3-(cyclopropanecarbonylamino)phenyl]ethylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide —— C19H19N3O5
    N-[1-[3-(cyclopropanecarbonylamino)phenyl]ethylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
    —— 2-Methanimidoyl-4-methoxyphenol —— C8H9NO2
    2-Methanimidoyl-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-[(1S)-1-[2-[methyl(propan-2-yl)amino]ethylamino]ethyl]phenol —— C14H24N2O
    3-[(1S)-1-[2-[methyl(propan-2-yl)amino]ethylamino]ethyl]phenol
    —— 4-[(1S)-1-[2-[ethyl(methyl)amino]ethylamino]ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol —— C13H22N2O2
    4-[(1S)-1-[2-[ethyl(methyl)amino]ethylamino]ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-[2-[ethyl(methyl)amino]ethylamino]ethyl]-5-methoxyphenol —— C14H24N2O2
    2-[(1R)-1-[2-[ethyl(methyl)amino]ethylamino]ethyl]-5-methoxyphenol
    —— ethyl (3S,4S)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-3-carboxylate —— C26H30N4O6
    ethyl (3S,4S)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-[2-[methyl(propan-2-yl)amino]ethylamino]ethyl]benzene-1,4-diol —— C14H24N2O2
    2-[(1R)-1-[2-[methyl(propan-2-yl)amino]ethylamino]ethyl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 4-[(1R)-1-[2-[ethyl(methyl)amino]ethylamino]ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol —— C13H22N2O2
    4-[(1R)-1-[2-[ethyl(methyl)amino]ethylamino]ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[(E)-2-(1-methylpyridin-1-ium-2-yl)ethenyl]phenol —— C15H16NO2+
    2-methoxy-6-[(E)-2-(1-methylpyridin-1-ium-2-yl)ethenyl]phenol
    —— 2-[(1S)-1-[2-[ethyl(methyl)amino]ethylamino]ethyl]-5-methoxyphenol —— C14H24N2O2
    2-[(1S)-1-[2-[ethyl(methyl)amino]ethylamino]ethyl]-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-[(1R)-1-[2-[methyl(propan-2-yl)amino]ethylamino]ethyl]phenol —— C14H24N2O
    3-[(1R)-1-[2-[methyl(propan-2-yl)amino]ethylamino]ethyl]phenol
    —— 2-(2,2-Dimethyloxan-4-yl)ethyl-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]azanium 5679-90-3 C17H28NO3+
    2-(2,2-Dimethyloxan-4-yl)ethyl-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]azanium
    —— 5-bromo-2-hydroxy-N-methyl-3-nitrobenzamide —— C8H7BrN2O4
    5-bromo-2-hydroxy-N-methyl-3-nitrobenzamide
    —— 3-(2-Ethylphenyl)-2-(2-ethylphenyl)imino-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C26H24N2O2S
    3-(2-Ethylphenyl)-2-(2-ethylphenyl)imino-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(5-nitro-2-hydroxybenzylthio)-benzothiazole —— C14H10N2O3S2
    2-(5-nitro-2-hydroxybenzylthio)-benzothiazole
    —— 11-(2-Chlorophenyl)-14-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)methylidene]-15-thia-12,17-diazatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,16]heptadeca-1(10),2,4,6,16-pentaen-13-one —— C27H17ClN4O6S
    11-(2-Chlorophenyl)-14-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)methylidene]-15-thia-12,17-diazatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,16]heptadeca-1(10),2,4,6,16-pentaen-13-one
    —— 3-[3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)propyl]-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]urea —— C20H30N2O4
    3-[3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)propyl]-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]urea
    —— 1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]-3-(3-propan-2-yloxypropyl)urea —— C19H30N2O4
    1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]-3-(3-propan-2-yloxypropyl)urea
    —— 5-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-cyclohexyl-2-cyclohexylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C23H29ClN2O3S
    5-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-cyclohexyl-2-cyclohexylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 1-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(2-chloro-5-morpholin-4-ylsulfonylphenyl)thiourea —— C18H17Cl2N5O6S2
    1-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(2-chloro-5-morpholin-4-ylsulfonylphenyl)thiourea
    —— 3-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C28H28N2O4S
    3-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[[phenyl(pyridin-3-yl)methylidene]amino]benzamide —— C19H15N3O4
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[[phenyl(pyridin-3-yl)methylidene]amino]benzamide
    —— N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-phenylmethoxypyridine-4-carboxamide —— C21H20N2O4
    N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-phenylmethoxypyridine-4-carboxamide
    —— 3-(3-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H11ClFNO3S2
    3-(3-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N-[(4-ethylcyclohexylidene)amino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide —— C15H20N2O4
    N-[(4-ethylcyclohexylidene)amino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
    —— (2S)-2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile —— C10H12N2O2
    (2S)-2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)acetonitrile —— C12H16N2O2
    (2R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3-hydroxypropylamino)acetonitrile —— C12H16N2O3
    (2R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3-hydroxypropylamino)acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile —— C10H12N2O2
    (2R)-2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)acetonitrile —— C10H12N2O3
    (2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)acetonitrile
    —— (2S)-2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile —— C10H12N2O2
    (2S)-2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)acetonitrile —— C10H11ClN2O2
    (2R)-2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)acetonitrile
    —— (2S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)acetonitrile —— C12H16N2O2
    (2S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)acetonitrile
    —— N-[(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide —— C15H13BrN2O3
    N-[(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 4-Bromo-2-[2-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl]phenol —— C23H19Br2FN2O
    4-Bromo-2-[2-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl]phenol
    —— 4-Bromo-2-[2-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-ium-4-yl]phenol —— C23H20Br2FN2O+
    4-Bromo-2-[2-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-ium-4-yl]phenol
    —— 2-[2,6-Bis(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl]-4-bromophenol —— C24H23BrN2O
    2-[2,6-Bis(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl]-4-bromophenol
    —— 3-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1H-indol-2-one —— C15H10N2O4
    3-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1H-indol-2-one
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-N-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide —— C20H18F3N3O3S
    4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-N-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide
    —— (2R)-N-[(2R)-2-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propyl]butan-2-amine —— C16H27NO2
    (2R)-N-[(2R)-2-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propyl]butan-2-amine
    —— (2R)-N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]ethyl]butan-2-amine —— C15H25NO2
    (2R)-N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]ethyl]butan-2-amine
    —— (2S)-N-[(2R)-2-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propyl]butan-2-amine —— C16H27NO2
    (2S)-N-[(2R)-2-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propyl]butan-2-amine
    —— (2R)-N-[(2S)-2-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propyl]butan-2-amine —— C16H27NO2
    (2R)-N-[(2S)-2-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propyl]butan-2-amine
    —— ethyl 2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C25H24N2O6S
    ethyl 2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)amino]-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile —— C12H12N4O2
    5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)amino]-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile
    —— 2-(1-Octylsulfanylpentyl)phenol —— C19H32OS
    2-(1-Octylsulfanylpentyl)phenol
    —— 4-Bromo-2-[6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-methylpropyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-ium-4-yl]phenol —— C20H23BrClN2O+
    4-Bromo-2-[6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-methylpropyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-ium-4-yl]phenol
    —— 4-Bromo-2-[6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl]phenol —— C22H17BrClFN2O
    4-Bromo-2-[6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl]phenol
    —— 4-Bromo-2-[6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-methylpropyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl]phenol —— C20H22BrClN2O
    4-Bromo-2-[6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-methylpropyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl]phenol
    —— 4-Bromo-2-[6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-ium-4-yl]phenol —— C22H18BrClFN2O+
    4-Bromo-2-[6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-ium-4-yl]phenol