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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— [(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]urea —— C8H9N3O3
    [(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]urea
    —— 4-[(2R)-1,3-oxazinan-2-yl]phenol —— C10H13NO2
    4-[(2R)-1,3-oxazinan-2-yl]phenol
    —— 4-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)ethyl]phenol —— C8H11NO3
    4-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 3-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)ethyl]phenol —— C8H11NO3
    3-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 3-[(2R)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-yl]phenol —— C9H11NO2
    3-[(2R)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-yl]phenol
    —— 3-[(2S)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-yl]phenol —— C9H11NO2
    3-[(2S)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-yl]phenol
    —— 1-[(2S)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]urea —— C20H27N3O4
    1-[(2S)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]urea
    —— N,N-dimethyl-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)sulfamide —— C10H16N2O4S
    N,N-dimethyl-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)sulfamide
    —— 2-[(3-Bromo-2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1-benzothiophen-3-one —— C15H8BrNO4S
    2-[(3-Bromo-2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1-benzothiophen-3-one
    —— N-[1-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)ethylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide —— C13H11ClN2O4S
    N-[1-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)ethylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
    —— 4-Cyclohexylsulfanyl-2,6-dinitrophenol —— C12H14N2O5S
    4-Cyclohexylsulfanyl-2,6-dinitrophenol
    —— 2-cyclopropyl-N-[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-methylacetamide —— C14H19NO2
    2-cyclopropyl-N-[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-methylacetamide
    —— 4-[(3S)-3-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethylamino)butyl]phenol —— C14H19N3O
    4-[(3S)-3-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethylamino)butyl]phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-(5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-2H-imidazol-1-ium-2-yl)phenol —— C13H18BrN2O2+
    4-bromo-2-(5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-2H-imidazol-1-ium-2-yl)phenol
    —— 3-[(1S)-1-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C12H15N3O
    3-[(1S)-1-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 7-ethenyl-8-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,8a-dimethyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione —— C20H20O3
    7-ethenyl-8-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,8a-dimethyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(4-propoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide —— C17H18N2O5
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(4-propoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 1,3-Dihydroxy-4-(1-oximino-butyl)-benzol 22919-59-1 C10H13NO3
    1,3-Dihydroxy-4-(1-oximino-butyl)-benzol
    —— 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propanamide —— C17H17ClN2O4
    2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propanamide
    —— 3-[(4-Bromophenyl)methyl]-5-[(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C18H12Br3NO4S
    3-[(4-Bromophenyl)methyl]-5-[(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-[4-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)iminopentan-2-ylideneamino]phenol —— C17H18N2O2
    2-[4-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)iminopentan-2-ylideneamino]phenol
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-5,13-dimethyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone —— C23H21N3O5
    2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-5,13-dimethyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethylideneamino)benzamide —— C12H9N3O4S
    2-hydroxy-5-nitro-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethylideneamino)benzamide
    —— 2-cyano-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]prop-2-enamide —— C20H12N4O7
    2-cyano-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]prop-2-enamide
    —— 3-[(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)methyl]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C18H13Cl2NO4S
    3-[(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)methyl]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 7-ethenyl-8-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,8a-trimethyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione —— C22H24O4
    7-ethenyl-8-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,8a-trimethyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione
    —— 4-nitro-2-(3-pyridin-4-yl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenol —— C14H12N4O3
    4-nitro-2-(3-pyridin-4-yl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenol
    —— 6-Ethenyl-5-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,4a,8a-tetramethyl-5,8-dihydronaphthalene-1,4-dione —— C23H26O4
    6-Ethenyl-5-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,4a,8a-tetramethyl-5,8-dihydronaphthalene-1,4-dione
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H14N2O5S
    2-(2-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— ethyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-2-[(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)methylidene]-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C21H20N4O4S
    ethyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-2-[(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)methylidene]-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 4-[(3-Bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C16H10BrClN2O3
    4-[(3-Bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— 2-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H20N2O2S
    2-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-{[Butyl(methyl)amino]methyl}-6-methoxyphenol —— C13H21NO2
    2-{[Butyl(methyl)amino]methyl}-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide —— C21H18F3N5O3
    7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide
    —— 5-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)imino-3-phenyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C25H21BrN2O3S
    5-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)imino-3-phenyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-[5-[(3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-3-phenyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]-3-oxo-3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropanenitrile —— C23H17Br2N3O3S
    2-[5-[(3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-3-phenyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]-3-oxo-3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropanenitrile
    —— 2-Bromo-6-methoxy-4-({[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenol —— C14H21BrN2O2
    2-Bromo-6-methoxy-4-({[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-phenylacetamide —— C16H16N2O4
    2-hydroxy-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-phenylacetamide
    —— copper;[amino(sulfoniumylidene)methyl]-[(Z)-(3-methoxy-2-oxoniophenyl)methylideneamino]azanide;hydroxide —— C9H13CuN3O3S+2
    copper;[amino(sulfoniumylidene)methyl]-[(Z)-(3-methoxy-2-oxoniophenyl)methylideneamino]azanide;hydroxide
    —— Ethyl 3-amino-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C15H19N3O4S
    Ethyl 3-amino-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— Methyl 5-[[5-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]methyl]furan-2-carboxylate —— C17H11N3O10S
    Methyl 5-[[5-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]methyl]furan-2-carboxylate
    —— [4-Chloro-2-(pyridin-2-ylmethyliminomethyl)phenyl]oxidanium;nickel(2+) —— C26H24Cl2N4NiO2+4
    [4-Chloro-2-(pyridin-2-ylmethyliminomethyl)phenyl]oxidanium;nickel(2+)
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)sulfanylacetamide —— C13H10N4O6S
    N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)sulfanylacetamide
    —— (2Z)-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylidenehydrazinylidene]-5-[(3,5-dibromo-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H10Br2ClN3O3S
    (2Z)-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylidenehydrazinylidene]-5-[(3,5-dibromo-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-Octakis(1-butylcyclopentyl)nonacyclo[43.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19.121,25.127,31.133,37.139,43]hexapentaconta-1(48),3,5,7(56),9,11,13(55),15,17,19(54),21,23,25(53),27(52),28,30,33(51),34,36,39(50),40,42,45(49),46-tetracosaene-49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-octol —— C128H176O8
    5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-Octakis(1-butylcyclopentyl)nonacyclo[43.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19.121,25.127,31.133,37.139,43]hexapentaconta-1(48),3,5,7(56),9,11,13(55),15,17,19(54),21,23,25(53),27(52),28,30,33(51),34,36,39(50),40,42,45(49),46-tetracosaene-49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-octol
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-(2-piperidin-1-ylethylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C15H24N2O
    2-[(1R)-1-(2-piperidin-1-ylethylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 4-[(1R)-1-(2-piperidin-1-ylethylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C15H24N2O
    4-[(1R)-1-(2-piperidin-1-ylethylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 2-[(1S)-1-(2-piperidin-1-ylethylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C15H24N2O
    2-[(1S)-1-(2-piperidin-1-ylethylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 3-[(1R)-1-(2-piperidin-1-ylethylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C15H24N2O
    3-[(1R)-1-(2-piperidin-1-ylethylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 3,5-Dimethyl 1-[(adamantan-1-YL)methyl]-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate —— C27H32ClNO6
    3,5-Dimethyl 1-[(adamantan-1-YL)methyl]-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate