摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3R)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-5-oxo-1-(2-phenylethyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide —— C21H24N2O4
    (3R)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-5-oxo-1-(2-phenylethyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide
    —— (3S)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-5-oxo-1-(2-phenylethyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide —— C21H24N2O4
    (3S)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-5-oxo-1-(2-phenylethyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide
    —— (3S)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-oxo-3,4-dihydroisochromene-3-carboxamide —— C18H17NO5
    (3S)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-oxo-3,4-dihydroisochromene-3-carboxamide
    —— (3R)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-thiophen-2-ylsulfonylpiperidine-3-carboxamide —— C18H22N2O5S2
    (3R)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-thiophen-2-ylsulfonylpiperidine-3-carboxamide
    —— 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-piperidin-1-ium-1-ylpropoxy]phenol —— C22H38NO3+
    2,6-ditert-butyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-piperidin-1-ium-1-ylpropoxy]phenol
    —— N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-methyl-6-thiophen-2-yl-[1,2]oxazolo[5,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxamide —— C20H17N3O4S
    N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-methyl-6-thiophen-2-yl-[1,2]oxazolo[5,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxamide
    —— N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)propanamide —— C19H19N3O4
    N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)propanamide
    —— (4S)-2-amino-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-6,8-dihydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile —— C18H18N2O3
    (4S)-2-amino-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-6,8-dihydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile
    —— 3-[[(5Z)-3-ethyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid —— C20H18N2O5S
    3-[[(5Z)-3-ethyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid
    —— (2E,5E)-2-[(4-ethylphenyl)imino]-5-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H18N2O2S
    (2E,5E)-2-[(4-ethylphenyl)imino]-5-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2E,5E)-5-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H14N2O2S
    (2E,5E)-5-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-propyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C22H24N2O4S
    (5E)-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-propyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-[(4-Ethoxyphenyl)imino]-5-{4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene}-3-propyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C21H21N3O5S
    2-[(4-Ethoxyphenyl)imino]-5-{4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene}-3-propyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-[5-(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide —— C20H17BrN2O6S
    2-[5-(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— ethyl (2Z,5S)-5-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C26H26N2O6S
    ethyl (2Z,5S)-5-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 4-Chlorophenyl {2-hydroxy-3,5-bisnitrophenyl}methanesulfonate —— C13H9ClN2O8S
    4-Chlorophenyl {2-hydroxy-3,5-bisnitrophenyl}methanesulfonate
    —— 5-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(2-methylphenyl)-2-[(2-methylphenyl)imino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C25H22N2O3S
    5-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(2-methylphenyl)-2-[(2-methylphenyl)imino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(2-bromo-5-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(3-methylphenyl)-2-(3-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C24H19BrN2O2S
    (5E)-5-[(2-bromo-5-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(3-methylphenyl)-2-(3-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-phenoxyethyl (6R)-6-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C22H23ClN2O6
    2-phenoxyethyl (6R)-6-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-methylpiperazin-4-ium-1-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C15H18N3O2S+
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-methylpiperazin-4-ium-1-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 2-(2-Chloro-phenylimino)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzylidene)-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H10ClN3O4S
    2-(2-Chloro-phenylimino)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzylidene)-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— butyl (6S)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C18H24N2O5
    butyl (6S)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— 2-{[3-(3-Bromophenyl)-2-propenylidene]amino}-4,5-dimethylphenol —— C17H16BrNO
    2-{[3-(3-Bromophenyl)-2-propenylidene]amino}-4,5-dimethylphenol
    —— (5Z)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C13H10ClNO2S2
    (5Z)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— dimethyl (2E,7R)-5-amino-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-oxo-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarboxylate —— C24H20N2O7S
    dimethyl (2E,7R)-5-amino-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-oxo-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarboxylate
    —— (5Z)-2-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C16H16N4O5S
    (5Z)-2-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— methyl (2E,7S)-5-amino-6-cyano-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-oxo-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxylate —— C25H21N3O7S
    methyl (2E,7S)-5-amino-6-cyano-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-oxo-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxylate
    —— (5E)-2-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C16H17N3O3S
    (5E)-2-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 3-[(5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]propanoate —— C14H12NO5S2-
    3-[(5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]propanoate
    —— N-[(5E)-5-benzylidene-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide —— C18H14N2O4S2
    N-[(5E)-5-benzylidene-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide
    —— 2-[(5E)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetate —— C13H9BrNO5S2-
    2-[(5E)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetate
    —— 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl 4-methyl-2-pyrimidin-2-yl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate —— C18H17N3O3S
    2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl 4-methyl-2-pyrimidin-2-yl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate
    —— 3-chloro-6-fluoro-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide —— C17H13ClFNO3S
    3-chloro-6-fluoro-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide
    —— 2-cyclopropyl-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4,5-dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide —— C20H21N3O3S
    2-cyclopropyl-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4,5-dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide
    —— N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide —— C19H18N2O3S
    N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide
    —— 2-tert-butyl-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4,5-dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide —— C21H25N3O3S
    2-tert-butyl-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4,5-dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide
    —— N-[(4R)-1-tert-butyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazol-4-yl]-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide —— C20H27N3O2
    N-[(4R)-1-tert-butyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazol-4-yl]-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— N-[(4S)-1-tert-butyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazol-4-yl]-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide —— C20H27N3O2
    N-[(4S)-1-tert-butyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazol-4-yl]-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— ethyl (4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-diazinane-5-carboxylate —— C14H15F3N2O4S
    ethyl (4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-diazinane-5-carboxylate
    —— 3-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C15H16ClNO4S
    3-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— methyl (4S)-4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C14H16N2O5
    methyl (4S)-4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— N,N-dimethyl-1-phenylethanamine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol —— C16H18N4O7
    N,N-dimethyl-1-phenylethanamine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 3,5-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]oxan-4-one —— C19H16O8
    3,5-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]oxan-4-one
    —— 2-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-(3-chloro-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile —— C17H11ClN2O2S
    2-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-(3-chloro-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1]benzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one —— C17H18N2O3S
    2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1]benzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one
    —— N-[4-[3-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]phenyl]acetamide —— C20H22N2O4S
    N-[4-[3-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl]phenyl]acetamide
    —— 2-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-butyl-7-methyl-1,3-diazatricyclo[3.3.1.1~3,7~]decan-6-one —— C19H25BrN2O2
    2-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-butyl-7-methyl-1,3-diazatricyclo[3.3.1.1~3,7~]decan-6-one
    —— 2-cyano-N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanamide —— C19H20N2O4
    2-cyano-N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— 3-[(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)methyl]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C19H15ClFNO3S
    3-[(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)methyl]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 6-[2-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-nitro-1,3-diazinane-2,4-dione —— C14H15N3O7
    6-[2-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-nitro-1,3-diazinane-2,4-dione