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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[(2S,6S)-2-(3-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C24H22BrClN2O3
    2-[(2S,6S)-2-(3-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-[(2R,6R)-4-(3-bromophenyl)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol —— C22H17Br3N2O
    4-bromo-2-[(2R,6R)-4-(3-bromophenyl)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(2S,6R)-4-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol —— C24H22ClFN2O
    4-chloro-2-[(2S,6R)-4-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol
    —— 2-[(2S,6R)-2,4-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C23H20Cl2N2O2
    2-[(2S,6R)-2,4-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(2S,6S)-2,4-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C23H20Cl2N2O2
    2-[(2S,6S)-2,4-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(2R,6S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C24H23ClN2O2
    2-[(2R,6S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-[(2S,6S)-4-(3-bromophenyl)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol —— C22H17Br3N2O
    4-bromo-2-[(2S,6S)-4-(3-bromophenyl)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol
    —— 2-[(2S,6S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C23H20ClFN2O2
    2-[(2S,6S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(2R,6S)-2,4-bis(4-bromophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-4-bromophenol —— C22H17Br3N2O
    2-[(2R,6S)-2,4-bis(4-bromophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-4-bromophenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(2S,6R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-ethylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol —— C24H22Cl2N2O
    4-chloro-2-[(2S,6R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-ethylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol
    —— 2-[(2R,6R)-2,4-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C23H20Cl2N2O2
    2-[(2R,6R)-2,4-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(2R,6R)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C24H23ClN2O2
    2-[(2R,6R)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(2S,6R)-2-(3-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C24H22BrClN2O3
    2-[(2S,6R)-2-(3-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 8a-bromo-8-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-ethenyl-3-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione —— C20H18Br2O4
    8a-bromo-8-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-ethenyl-3-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione
    —— 4-bromo-2-[(2S,6S)-4-(3-bromophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol —— C22H17Br2ClN2O
    4-bromo-2-[(2S,6S)-4-(3-bromophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-[(2R,6S)-4-(3-bromophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol —— C22H17Br2ClN2O
    4-bromo-2-[(2R,6S)-4-(3-bromophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol
    —— 2-[(2S,6R)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C24H23ClN2O2
    2-[(2S,6R)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-[(2R,6R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-ethylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol —— C24H22BrClN2O
    4-bromo-2-[(2R,6R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-ethylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-[(2S,6R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-ethylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol —— C24H22BrClN2O
    4-bromo-2-[(2S,6R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-ethylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(2S,6R)-4-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol —— C25H25ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-[(2S,6R)-4-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(2R,6S)-4-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol —— C24H22ClFN2O
    4-chloro-2-[(2R,6S)-4-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-[(2R,6R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol —— C23H20BrClN2O
    4-bromo-2-[(2R,6R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol
    —— 2-[(2S,6R)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-4-chlorophenol —— C23H20BrClN2O
    2-[(2S,6R)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-4-chlorophenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-[(2S,6R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol —— C23H20BrClN2O
    4-bromo-2-[(2S,6R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(2S,6R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol —— C23H20Cl2N2O
    4-chloro-2-[(2S,6R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol
    —— (2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl-dimethylazanium —— C10H16NO2+
    (2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl-dimethylazanium
    —— 4-bromo-2-[(2S,6S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol —— C23H20BrClN2O
    4-bromo-2-[(2S,6S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol
    —— 2-[(2R,6R)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-4-chlorophenol —— C23H20BrClN2O
    2-[(2R,6R)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-4-chlorophenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-[(2R,6S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol —— C23H20BrClN2O
    4-bromo-2-[(2R,6S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-[(2R,6S)-4-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol —— C22H17Br2FN2O
    4-bromo-2-[(2R,6S)-4-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol
    —— 2-[(2S,6S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C24H23ClN2O3
    2-[(2S,6S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-[(2R,6S)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol —— C23H20Br2N2O
    4-bromo-2-[(2R,6S)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-[(2S,6S)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol —— C23H20Br2N2O
    4-bromo-2-[(2S,6S)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]phenol
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide —— C16H16N2O5
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide
    —— ethyl (2E,7S)-2-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-3-oxo-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C25H23BrN2O7S
    ethyl (2E,7S)-2-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-3-oxo-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 2-[5-[(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide —— C20H16Br2N2O5S
    2-[5-[(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-(2-methylbutan-2-yl)-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1]benzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ol —— C22H28N2O3S
    2-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-(2-methylbutan-2-yl)-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1]benzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ol
    —— (2S)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyethylamino)acetic acid —— C12H17NO5
    (2S)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyethylamino)acetic acid
    —— 2-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylcarbamoyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid —— C16H21NO5
    2-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylcarbamoyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-dimethyl-6-propan-2-ylpyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxamide —— C20H24N4O3
    N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-dimethyl-6-propan-2-ylpyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxamide
    —— 2-ethyl-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4,5-dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide —— C19H21N3O3S
    2-ethyl-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4,5-dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide
    —— 3-(5-cyano-2,4-dimethyl-6-oxo-1H-pyridin-3-yl)-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]propanamide —— C19H21N3O4
    3-(5-cyano-2,4-dimethyl-6-oxo-1H-pyridin-3-yl)-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]propanamide
    —— 3-(2,5-Dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)imino-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C27H26N2O3S
    3-(2,5-Dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)imino-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N-[(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-(3-chloroanilino)acetamide —— C16H15BrClN3O3
    N-[(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-(3-chloroanilino)acetamide
    —— 4-[2-(2,4-Difluoro-phenylamino)-thiazol-4-yl]-benzene-1,2-diol —— C15H10F2N2O2S
    4-[2-(2,4-Difluoro-phenylamino)-thiazol-4-yl]-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-3-oxobutanamide —— C10H10N4O5
    2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-3-oxobutanamide
    —— 3-[[(2R)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]amino]-2,6-dimethylphenol —— C12H19NO2
    3-[[(2R)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]amino]-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— 3-[[(2S)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]amino]-2,6-dimethylphenol —— C12H19NO2
    3-[[(2S)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]amino]-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— 2-{(E)-[(4-ethylphenyl)imino]methyl}-6-methoxyphenol —— C16H17NO2
    2-{(E)-[(4-ethylphenyl)imino]methyl}-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 6-butyl 8-ethyl 5-amino-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarboxylate —— C23H28N2O7S
    6-butyl 8-ethyl 5-amino-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarboxylate