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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-methyl-5-[5-[(1R)-1-(propylamino)ethyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phenol —— C14H19N3O2
    2-methyl-5-[5-[(1R)-1-(propylamino)ethyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phenol
    —— 2-methyl-5-[5-[(1S)-1-(propylamino)ethyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phenol —— C14H19N3O2
    2-methyl-5-[5-[(1S)-1-(propylamino)ethyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phenol
    —— 2-[(2-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-6,7-dimethyl-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one —— C18H13N3O4S
    2-[(2-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-6,7-dimethyl-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one
    —— N-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide —— C17H15BrN2O2
    N-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide
    —— 5-[(3-Bromo-2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-(2-chlorophenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H9BrClN3O4S
    5-[(3-Bromo-2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-(2-chlorophenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C15H11Cl2NO2S
    3-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C15H11ClFNO2S
    3-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-[[5-(4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C14H8N2O5S2
    5-[[5-(4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 8a-bromo-7-ethenyl-8-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione —— C20H19BrO4
    8a-bromo-7-ethenyl-8-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione
    —— 3-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C15H10ClF2NO2S
    3-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-[(E)-[(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)imino]methyl]-6-nitrophenol —— C13H8Cl2N2O3
    2-[(E)-[(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)imino]methyl]-6-nitrophenol
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-(4-methylpentan-2-ylideneamino)benzamide —— C13H18N2O4
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-(4-methylpentan-2-ylideneamino)benzamide
    —— N-[1-(benzotriazol-1-yl)propan-2-ylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide —— C17H17N5O3
    N-[1-(benzotriazol-1-yl)propan-2-ylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide
    —— 4-hydroxy-N-[5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]benzamide —— C18H14N2O5S2
    4-hydroxy-N-[5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]benzamide
    —— (2S)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]-2-phenylacetic acid —— C16H17NO4
    (2S)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]-2-phenylacetic acid
    —— 7-ethenyl-8-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2,8a-dimethyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione —— C22H24O3
    7-ethenyl-8-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2,8a-dimethyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione
    —— 5-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[2-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C20H24N2O6S
    5-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[2-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— (2R)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]-2-phenylacetic acid —— C16H17NO4
    (2R)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]-2-phenylacetic acid
    —— 4-Ethyl-2,6-bis(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenol —— C14H10F12O3
    4-Ethyl-2,6-bis(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-(3-Chlorophenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid —— C18H18ClNO4S
    2-(3-Chlorophenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
    —— 4-{2-[(5-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)amino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}benzene-1,2-diol —— C16H13ClN2O2S
    4-{2-[(5-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)amino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}benzene-1,2-diol
    —— (2Z,5Z)-5-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C26H24N2O5S
    (2Z,5Z)-5-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-[[[4-Anilino-6-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]hydrazinylidene]methyl]-4-methoxyphenol —— C22H22N8O2
    2-[[[4-Anilino-6-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]hydrazinylidene]methyl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione —— C14H16N2O5
    5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[1-(5-nitrotetrazol-2-yl)propan-2-ylideneamino]benzamide —— C12H13N7O5
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[1-(5-nitrotetrazol-2-yl)propan-2-ylideneamino]benzamide
    —— Dimethyl 4-(6-BR-2-HO-3-meo-PH)-2,6-DI-ME-1,4-dihydro-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate —— C18H20BrNO6
    Dimethyl 4-(6-BR-2-HO-3-meo-PH)-2,6-DI-ME-1,4-dihydro-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-[[(3S)-hexan-3-yl]amino]ethyl]benzene-1,4-diol —— C14H23NO2
    2-[(1R)-1-[[(3S)-hexan-3-yl]amino]ethyl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-[[(3R)-hexan-3-yl]amino]ethyl]benzene-1,4-diol —— C14H23NO2
    2-[(1R)-1-[[(3R)-hexan-3-yl]amino]ethyl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2-[(1S)-1-[[(3R)-hexan-3-yl]amino]ethyl]benzene-1,4-diol —— C14H23NO2
    2-[(1S)-1-[[(3R)-hexan-3-yl]amino]ethyl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— N,N'-bis[1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]hexanediamide —— C22H26N4O4
    N,N'-bis[1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]hexanediamide
    —— 4-[(5-Bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C16H10BrClN2O3
    4-[(5-Bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— 3-[(1R)-1-[[(1S,2S)-2-methoxycyclopentyl]amino]ethyl]phenol —— C14H21NO2
    3-[(1R)-1-[[(1S,2S)-2-methoxycyclopentyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[(1R)-1-[[(1S,2S)-2-methoxycyclopentyl]amino]ethyl]phenol —— C15H23NO3
    2-methoxy-4-[(1R)-1-[[(1S,2S)-2-methoxycyclopentyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[(1R)-1-[[(1R,2S)-2-methoxycyclopentyl]amino]ethyl]phenol —— C15H23NO3
    2-methoxy-4-[(1R)-1-[[(1R,2S)-2-methoxycyclopentyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
    —— 4-methoxy-2-[(1S)-1-[[(1R,2S)-2-methoxycyclopentyl]amino]ethyl]phenol —— C15H23NO3
    4-methoxy-2-[(1S)-1-[[(1R,2S)-2-methoxycyclopentyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
    —— 4-methoxy-2-[(1R)-1-[[(1R,2S)-2-methoxycyclopentyl]amino]ethyl]phenol —— C15H23NO3
    4-methoxy-2-[(1R)-1-[[(1R,2S)-2-methoxycyclopentyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
    —— 4-[[[(1S,2S)-2-methoxycyclopentyl]amino]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C13H19NO3
    4-[[[(1S,2S)-2-methoxycyclopentyl]amino]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 3-[(1S)-1-[[(1R,2S)-2-methoxycyclopentyl]amino]ethyl]phenol —— C14H21NO2
    3-[(1S)-1-[[(1R,2S)-2-methoxycyclopentyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[(1S)-1-[[(1R,2S)-2-methoxycyclopentyl]amino]ethyl]phenol —— C15H23NO3
    2-methoxy-4-[(1S)-1-[[(1R,2S)-2-methoxycyclopentyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
    —— 4-[[[(1R,2S)-2-methoxycyclopentyl]amino]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C13H19NO3
    4-[[[(1R,2S)-2-methoxycyclopentyl]amino]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 3-[(1R)-1-[[(1R)-1-thiophen-3-ylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol —— C14H17NOS
    3-[(1R)-1-[[(1R)-1-thiophen-3-ylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
    —— 2,6-dimethyl-3-[[(1R)-1-thiophen-3-ylethyl]amino]phenol —— C14H17NOS
    2,6-dimethyl-3-[[(1R)-1-thiophen-3-ylethyl]amino]phenol
    —— 3-nitro-4-[[(1R)-1-thiophen-3-ylethyl]amino]phenol —— C12H12N2O3S
    3-nitro-4-[[(1R)-1-thiophen-3-ylethyl]amino]phenol
    —— 3-[(7S)-7-(methylamino)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]phenol —— C14H16N2OS
    3-[(7S)-7-(methylamino)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]phenol
    —— 5-[(7S)-7-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C14H16N2O2S
    5-[(7S)-7-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H16N2O3S
    2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-[5-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-2-methylphenol —— C11H13N3O2
    5-[5-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-2-methylphenol
    —— 5-Benzylidene-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imino-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H16N2O2S
    5-Benzylidene-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imino-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-[[5-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl]phenol —— C11H13N3O2
    3-[[5-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 3-[5-[(R)-amino(phenyl)methyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phenol —— C15H13N3O2
    3-[5-[(R)-amino(phenyl)methyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phenol