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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (4Z)-2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazol-3-one —— C19H18N4O4
    (4Z)-2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazol-3-one
    —— (E)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile —— C19H12Cl2N2O2S
    (E)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— (4Z)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-2-methylanilino)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazol-3-one —— C18H16ClN3O2
    (4Z)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-2-methylanilino)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazol-3-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H12N2O5S2
    (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— Ethyl (2Z)-2-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-2H,3H,5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-A]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H21BrN2O5S
    Ethyl (2Z)-2-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-2H,3H,5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-A]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— Cambridge id 5623171 —— C21H18N2O4S
    Cambridge id 5623171
    —— ethyl (2Z)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C25H21BrN2O7S
    ethyl (2Z)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C25H23BrN2O6S
    ethyl (2Z)-2-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 2-[(5Z)-5-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide —— C18H12ClN3O6S
    2-[(5Z)-5-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— (4Z)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazol-3-one —— C17H13ClN4O4
    (4Z)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazol-3-one
    —— (E)-2-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-3-(3-methoxyanilino)prop-2-enenitrile —— C20H17N3O3S
    (E)-2-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-3-(3-methoxyanilino)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— Cambridge id 5629331 —— C16H18N2O4
    Cambridge id 5629331
    —— (4Z)-4-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyanilino)methylidene]-5-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazol-3-one —— C18H16ClN3O2
    (4Z)-4-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyanilino)methylidene]-5-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazol-3-one
    —— (5E)-5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C11H8BrNO2S2
    (5E)-5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (pyridine-2-carbonyl)hydrazone —— C14H13N3O3
    3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (pyridine-2-carbonyl)hydrazone
    —— 3-[(E)-N-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]phenol —— C14H16N4O
    3-[(E)-N-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]phenol
    —— 5-[[[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C17H21NO3
    5-[[[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 1-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]urea —— C14H20N2O3
    1-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]urea
    —— (Z)-4-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one —— C17H14N2O2
    (Z)-4-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one
    —— (6E)-6-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]-2-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C15H15NO2
    (6E)-6-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]-2-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 2-diethoxyphosphoryl-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C13H19N2O5P
    2-diethoxyphosphoryl-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— N-[[(3R)-1-ethylpiperidin-3-yl]methyl]-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide —— C17H26N2O2
    N-[[(3R)-1-ethylpiperidin-3-yl]methyl]-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— N'-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)acetohydrazide —— C15H10Br3N3O5
    N'-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)acetohydrazide
    —— N'~1~,N'~6~-bis[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]hexanedihydrazide —— C20H22N4O4
    N'~1~,N'~6~-bis[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]hexanedihydrazide
    —— 3-fluoro-N-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide —— C14H10FN3O4
    3-fluoro-N-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— (6Z)-3-(diethylamino)-6-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C17H19N3O4
    (6Z)-3-(diethylamino)-6-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 8-Ethyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylamino]-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-7-one 211247-08-4 C16H16N4O3
    8-Ethyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylamino]-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-7-one
    —— 3-[(3S)-2-pyrimidin-2-yl-3-thiophen-3-yl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-5-yl]phenol —— C17H14N4OS
    3-[(3S)-2-pyrimidin-2-yl-3-thiophen-3-yl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[[[(3S)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-3-yl]methylamino]methyl]phenol —— C19H26N2O2S
    2-methoxy-5-[[[(3S)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-3-yl]methylamino]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[[[(3R)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-3-yl]methylamino]methyl]phenol —— C19H26N2O2S
    2-methoxy-5-[[[(3R)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-3-yl]methylamino]methyl]phenol
    —— (1R,2S,3S,4S)-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid —— C16H17NO5
    (1R,2S,3S,4S)-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (1R,2S,3R,4S)-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid —— C16H17NO5
    (1R,2S,3R,4S)-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (3Z)-2-amino-4-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)buta-1,3-diene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile —— C13H7N5O3
    (3Z)-2-amino-4-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)buta-1,3-diene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile
    —— 5-[[[(2R)-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C16H18FNO3
    5-[[[(2R)-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-1-ethyl-1-[(1S)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]urea —— C15H24N2O2
    3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-1-ethyl-1-[(1S)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]urea
    —— 3-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-1-ethyl-1-[(1S)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]urea —— C15H24N2O2
    3-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-1-ethyl-1-[(1S)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]urea
    —— 3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-1-ethyl-1-[(1R)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]urea —— C15H24N2O2
    3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-1-ethyl-1-[(1R)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]urea
    —— 3-[(3S)-2-(2,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-yl)-3-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-5-yl]phenol —— C19H20N6O
    3-[(3S)-2-(2,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-yl)-3-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— 3-[(3R)-2-(2,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-yl)-3-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-5-yl]phenol —— C19H20N6O
    3-[(3R)-2-(2,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-yl)-3-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— (3R)-N-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl]-1-propanoylpiperidine-3-carboxamide —— C16H21N3O5
    (3R)-N-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl]-1-propanoylpiperidine-3-carboxamide
    —— N-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide —— C13H19NO2
    N-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— (3S)-N-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl]-1-propanoylpiperidine-3-carboxamide —— C16H21N3O5
    (3S)-N-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl]-1-propanoylpiperidine-3-carboxamide
    —— 2-(Dihydroxyamino)-5-nitrophenol —— C6H6N2O5
    2-(Dihydroxyamino)-5-nitrophenol
    —— (1R)-5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,3-diol —— C14H16O3
    (1R)-5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-[(1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-yl]-N-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide —— C15H19NO2
    2-[(1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-yl]-N-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide
    —— 2-[(1R)-cyclopent-2-en-1-yl]-N-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide —— C15H19NO2
    2-[(1R)-cyclopent-2-en-1-yl]-N-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3-selenadiazole —— C8H6N2OSe
    4-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3-selenadiazole
    —— (2-Amino-3,5-dicyano-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-phosphonic acid diethyl ester —— C13H16N3O4P
    (2-Amino-3,5-dicyano-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-phosphonic acid diethyl ester
    —— 4-Ethyl-3-fluorobenzene-1,2-diol —— C8H9FO2
    4-Ethyl-3-fluorobenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-[(2R,6R)-4-(4-bromophenyl)-2-thiophen-3-yl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-4-chlorophenol —— C20H16BrClN2OS
    2-[(2R,6R)-4-(4-bromophenyl)-2-thiophen-3-yl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl]-4-chlorophenol