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有机硫化合物

有机硫化合物是指含有硫原子的有机化合物。这些化合物在自然界中广泛存在,在医药、农药和材料科学等领域有着重要的应用。有机硫化合物因其化学性质独特,在药物设计、合成化学以及材料制备方面扮演着重要角色。

1. 结构与分类

有机硫化合物可以按硫的连接方式分为饱和和不饱和类,如二硫化物、噻吩衍生物、砜等。常见的结构类型有:

  • 二硫化物:含-S-S-键的化合物。
  • 硫醚(Thiols):含有-R-S-H或-R-S-R 基团的化合物。
  • 磺酸酯(Sulfonates)与磺酸盐(Sulfonates):带有-SO3H基团的化合物,广泛应用于合成和制药领域。
  • 噻吩及其衍生物:具有环状结构的有机硫化物。
2. 生物学活性

许多有机硫化合物在生物学上有重要功能或应用潜力。例如:

  • 某些硫醚类药物被用于抗真菌、抗菌以及抗癌治疗。
  • 硫代葡萄糖苷(Glycosinolate)是十字花科植物中的一种天然存在物质,具有生物活性。
3. 合成方法

有机硫化合物可通过多种途径合成:

  • 亲核取代反应:使用含硫试剂与卤化物进行反应。
  • 自由基加成法:采用氧化剂引发自由基形成,通过烯烃与H2S、R-S-H等反应制备。
  • 金属催化转化:利用钯、铜等催化剂促进特定硫化过程。
4. 应用领域

有机硫化合物的应用广泛:

  • 医药领域:用于开发抗菌剂、抗病毒药物及抗癌药物等。
  • 农学研究:某些有机硫化合物作为生物农药的有效成分,能够抑制病害的发生。
  • 材料科学与技术:在导电聚合物和塑料添加剂中有重要应用。
5. 环境与安全性

尽管有机硫化合物具有许多潜在益处,但其生产和使用也可能对环境造成影响。因此,在设计和合成这些化合物时需要考虑可持续性和环保性因素。

以上是对有机硫化合物的简单介绍,包括它们的结构、生物学活性、合成方法及其应用领域等基本信息。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— hydroxymethylethanedithiol —— C3H8OS2
hydroxymethylethanedithiol
—— PTE dithiol 1 —— C11H22OS6
PTE dithiol 1
—— 2-((4-chlorophenylthio)methyl)hexanal —— C13H17ClOS
2-((4-chlorophenylthio)methyl)hexanal
—— tert-butyl 1-{5-[(cyclopropylmethyl)thio]-4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}-3,3-dimethylbutyl carbonate —— C18H31N3O3S
tert-butyl 1-{5-[(cyclopropylmethyl)thio]-4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}-3,3-dimethylbutyl carbonate
—— 5,6-dibenzyl-2-(methylthiomethyl)thiouracil —— C20H20N2OS2
5,6-dibenzyl-2-(methylthiomethyl)thiouracil
—— (+/-)-cis-7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-(1H-1-imidazolylmethyl)benzo[b]thiophene —— C12H11ClN2OS
(+/-)-cis-7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-(1H-1-imidazolylmethyl)benzo[b]thiophene
—— ethyl 6-(3-aminophenylthio)hexanoate —— C14H21NO2S
ethyl 6-(3-aminophenylthio)hexanoate
—— ethyl 6-(3-isothiocyanatophenylthio)hexanoate —— C15H19NO2S2
ethyl 6-(3-isothiocyanatophenylthio)hexanoate
—— 6-(2,6-difluorophenylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-5-ethyl-2-(methylthiomethylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one —— C15H16F2N2OS2
6-(2,6-difluorophenylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-5-ethyl-2-(methylthiomethylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one
—— 6-(2,6-difluorophenylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-5-methyl-2-(methylthiomethylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one —— C14H14F2N2OS2
6-(2,6-difluorophenylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-5-methyl-2-(methylthiomethylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one
—— 6-(2,6-difluorophenylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2-(methylthiomethylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one —— C13H12F2N2OS2
6-(2,6-difluorophenylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2-(methylthiomethylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one
—— (+/-)-2-[(methylthio)methoxy]cyclopentanone —— C7H12O2S
(+/-)-2-[(methylthio)methoxy]cyclopentanone
—— 6-(2,6-difluorophenylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-2-(methylthiomethylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one —— C16H18F2N2OS2
6-(2,6-difluorophenylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-2-(methylthiomethylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one
—— tetrahexylthiourea —— C25H52N2S
tetrahexylthiourea
—— Phenethyl isothiocyanate —— C9H15NS
Phenethyl isothiocyanate
—— 1-(methylthiomethyl)-6-phenylthiothymine —— C13H14N2O2S2
1-(methylthiomethyl)-6-phenylthiothymine
—— ethyl-trichloromethyl sulfone —— C3H5Cl3O2S
ethyl-trichloromethyl sulfone
—— 2-pentylthietane 1,1-dioxide —— C8H16O2S
2-pentylthietane 1,1-dioxide
—— 5-isopropyl-2-[(methylthiomethyl)thio]-6-(benzyl)-pyrimidin-4-(1H)-one 210645-95-7 C16H20N2OS2
5-isopropyl-2-[(methylthiomethyl)thio]-6-(benzyl)-pyrimidin-4-(1H)-one
—— cesium tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methide —— C4F9O6S3*Cs
cesium tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methide
—— Lithium tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanide —— C4F9LiO6S3
Lithium tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanide
—— 1-isothiocyanato-5-methylsulfonyl-pentane —— C7H13NO2S2
1-isothiocyanato-5-methylsulfonyl-pentane
—— 5-(methylsulfonyl)pentan-1-amine —— C6H15NO2S
5-(methylsulfonyl)pentan-1-amine
—— 1-ethoxy-1-pentachlorophenylsulfanylethane —— C10H9Cl5OS
1-ethoxy-1-pentachlorophenylsulfanylethane
—— 1-ethoxy-1-pentafluorophenylsulfanylethane —— C10H9F5OS
1-ethoxy-1-pentafluorophenylsulfanylethane
—— Cl2*Me2S —— C2H6S*Cl2
Cl2*Me2S
—— (2-chloro-ethyl)-(2-<i>p</i>-tolylsulfanyl-ethyl)-ether —— C11H15ClOS
(2-chloro-ethyl)-(2-<i>p</i>-tolylsulfanyl-ethyl)-ether
—— tert-butyl((5E)-6-[(1E)-hept-1-en-1-ylsulfonyl]hex-5-en-1-yloxy)dimethylsilane —— C19H38O3SSi
tert-butyl((5E)-6-[(1E)-hept-1-en-1-ylsulfonyl]hex-5-en-1-yloxy)dimethylsilane
—— 2-[1,1-bis(methylthio)but-3-enyl]pyridine —— C11H15NS2
2-[1,1-bis(methylthio)but-3-enyl]pyridine
—— 3-hydroxypropyl methyl disulfide 85351-51-5 C4H10OS2
3-hydroxypropyl methyl disulfide
—— 2,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-2-phenyl-7,7-di(methylthio)-3H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole perchlorate —— C14H18N2S2*ClHO4
2,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-2-phenyl-7,7-di(methylthio)-3H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole perchlorate
—— S-tert-butyl-N-methyl-S-(2-methylthiophenyl)sulfoximine —— C12H19NOS2
S-tert-butyl-N-methyl-S-(2-methylthiophenyl)sulfoximine
—— 2-fluoro-3-methylthiopyridine —— C6H6FNS
2-fluoro-3-methylthiopyridine
—— (cyclohex-1-en-1-ylethynyl)(methyl)sulfane —— C9H12S
(cyclohex-1-en-1-ylethynyl)(methyl)sulfane
—— 1-methylthio-2-(1-adamantyl)ethyne —— C13H18S
1-methylthio-2-(1-adamantyl)ethyne
—— 3-ethoxy-1,1,2-tris(methylthio)pent-1-ene —— C10H20OS3
3-ethoxy-1,1,2-tris(methylthio)pent-1-ene
—— 1,4-bis(methylthio)-2,5-bis(trimethylsilylethynyl)benzene —— C18H26S2Si2
1,4-bis(methylthio)-2,5-bis(trimethylsilylethynyl)benzene
—— 3-[2-(Methoxyethoxymethoxy)ethyl]-2-methylthiothiophene —— C11H18O3S2
3-[2-(Methoxyethoxymethoxy)ethyl]-2-methylthiothiophene
—— S-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)-4-bromothiophenol —— C11H13BrOS
S-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)-4-bromothiophenol
—— 2,6-bis(methylsulfanyl)-4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)pyridine —— C11H12N2S2
2,6-bis(methylsulfanyl)-4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)pyridine
—— 3-ethoxy-1,2,2-tris(methylthio)prop-1-ene —— C8H16OS3
3-ethoxy-1,2,2-tris(methylthio)prop-1-ene
—— 5-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-1-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)pyrazole —— C20H24N2OSSi
5-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-1-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)pyrazole
—— S-tert-butyl-S-(2-methylthiophenyl)sulfoximine —— C11H17NOS2
S-tert-butyl-S-(2-methylthiophenyl)sulfoximine
—— 2-chloro[3-2H]-6-methylsulfanylpyridine —— C6H6ClNS
2-chloro[3-2H]-6-methylsulfanylpyridine
—— methyl 3-methyl-4-(methylthio)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate —— C8H11NO2S
methyl 3-methyl-4-(methylthio)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate
—— 3,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)pyrazole —— C10H22N2OSSi2
3,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)pyrazole
—— 1-(Benzyloxy)-5-(methylthio)pyrazole —— C11H12N2OS
1-(Benzyloxy)-5-(methylthio)pyrazole
—— methyl(pent-1-yn-1-yl)sulfane —— C6H10S
methyl(pent-1-yn-1-yl)sulfane
—— 6-fluoro-2-methyl-3-methylsulfanylpyridine —— C7H8FNS
6-fluoro-2-methyl-3-methylsulfanylpyridine
—— (Z)-2,3-bis(methylthio)prop-2-en-1-ol —— C5H10OS2
(Z)-2,3-bis(methylthio)prop-2-en-1-ol