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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-((2-Methoxy-benzylidene)-amino)-5-nitro-phenol —— C14H12N2O4
    2-((2-Methoxy-benzylidene)-amino)-5-nitro-phenol
    —— 4-nitro-2-[[4-[(Z)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C20H23N3O3
    4-nitro-2-[[4-[(Z)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— ethyl 2-(4-ethoxyanilino)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate —— C26H27NO6S
    ethyl 2-(4-ethoxyanilino)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate
    —— 4-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-4H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl]-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4H-pyrazol-3-one —— C27H21BrCl2N4O3
    4-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-4H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl]-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4H-pyrazol-3-one
    —— 3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-5H-[1]benzothieno[2,3-d][1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one —— C19H17ClN2O3S2
    3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-5H-[1]benzothieno[2,3-d][1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one
    —— methyl (4E)-1-[2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)ethyl]-4-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxopyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C22H25NO4
    methyl (4E)-1-[2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)ethyl]-4-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxopyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— (5Z)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C21H15ClN2O3S
    (5Z)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-Cyclohexyl-2-cyclohexylimino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C22H27IN2O2S
    3-Cyclohexyl-2-cyclohexylimino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-methoxy-2-[[4-[(Z)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C21H26N2O2
    4-methoxy-2-[[4-[(Z)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— methyl (4E)-1-[2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)ethyl]-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxopyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C22H25NO4
    methyl (4E)-1-[2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)ethyl]-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxopyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[[4-[(Z)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C21H26N2O2
    2-methoxy-5-[[4-[(Z)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— N-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-piperidin-1-ylsulfonylbenzamide —— C19H20N4O6S
    N-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-piperidin-1-ylsulfonylbenzamide
    —— N-[1-(3-chlorophenyl)propylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide —— C16H15ClN2O4
    N-[1-(3-chlorophenyl)propylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
    —— (Z)-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene-hydroxy-phenylazanium —— C13H11BrNO2+
    (Z)-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene-hydroxy-phenylazanium
    —— methyl (4E)-1-ethyl-4-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxopyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C16H17NO4
    methyl (4E)-1-ethyl-4-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxopyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-[5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]-2-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-yl)acetonitrile —— C23H23N5O3S
    2-[5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]-2-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-yl)acetonitrile
    —— 4-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methylidene-1,2-oxazolidin-5-one —— C12H11NO4
    4-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methylidene-1,2-oxazolidin-5-one
    —— (4R)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C22H20N4O4S
    (4R)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C22H20N4O3S
    (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-1-(6-ethoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C23H22N4O4S
    (4S)-1-(6-ethoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-1-(6-ethoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C23H22N4O4S
    (4R)-1-(6-ethoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-1-(6-ethoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C23H22N4O4S
    (4R)-1-(6-ethoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-1-(6-ethoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C23H22N4O4S
    (4S)-1-(6-ethoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C22H20N4O3S
    (4R)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C22H20N4O4S
    (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C22H20N4O4S
    (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C22H20N4O4S
    (4S)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C22H20N4O3S
    (4S)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C22H20N4O3S
    (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(3-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-6-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C19H17N7O3
    (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(3-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-6-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(3-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-6-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one —— C19H17N7O3
    (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(3-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-6-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-one
    —— 4-methyl-2-[3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenol —— C19H22N2O4
    4-methyl-2-[3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— N-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide —— C14H10Cl2N2O4
    N-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
    —— N-[(3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-6-oxo-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide —— C13H12N4O4
    N-[(3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-6-oxo-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide
    —— ethyl 7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-methyl-3-oxo-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H22N2O6S
    ethyl 7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-methyl-3-oxo-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 2-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenol —— C15H14N2O2
    2-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— Methyl 5-[[5-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]methyl]furan-2-carboxylate —— C18H14BrNO7S
    Methyl 5-[[5-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]methyl]furan-2-carboxylate
    —— 2-[3-(4-bromophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-5-methoxyphenol —— C16H15BrN2O2
    2-[3-(4-bromophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-5-methoxyphenol
    —— methyl 4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C15H15NO5
    methyl 4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— 6-Ethenyl-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-2,3,4a,8a-tetramethyl-5,8-dihydronaphthalene-1,4-dione —— C23H26O3
    6-Ethenyl-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-2,3,4a,8a-tetramethyl-5,8-dihydronaphthalene-1,4-dione
    —— 3-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H14N2O4S
    3-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-[[Benzyl(phenyl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C21H20N2O2
    5-[[Benzyl(phenyl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide —— C15H14N2O5
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1-hexadecanone oxime 401939-95-5 C23H39NO2
    1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1-hexadecanone oxime
    —— 1-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-3-one —— C13H11N3O3
    1-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-3-one
    —— 2-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-3-one —— C13H10ClN3O3
    2-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-3-one
    —— Cyclohexyl-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]azanium —— C14H22NO2+
    Cyclohexyl-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]azanium
    —— 1-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-3-one —— C13H11N3O3
    1-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-3-one
    —— 1-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-3-one —— C14H13N3O3
    1-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-3-one
    —— Cyclohexyl-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]azanium —— C14H22NO2+
    Cyclohexyl-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]azanium