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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-[(1S,2R)-2-amino-1-hydroxybutyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C11H17NO3
    5-[(1S,2R)-2-amino-1-hydroxybutyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[(1S,2R)-2-amino-1-hydroxybutyl]-2,6-dimethylphenol —— C12H19NO2
    4-[(1S,2R)-2-amino-1-hydroxybutyl]-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— 5-[(1R,2R)-2-amino-1-hydroxybutyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C11H17NO3
    5-[(1R,2R)-2-amino-1-hydroxybutyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-[(1S,2S)-2-amino-1-hydroxybutyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C11H17NO3
    5-[(1S,2S)-2-amino-1-hydroxybutyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— N'-[(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-N-(4-bromophenyl)butanediamide —— C18H17Br2N3O4
    N'-[(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-N-(4-bromophenyl)butanediamide
    —— 4-(2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile —— C15H13N3O2
    4-(2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile
    —— 3-[4-[5-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]piperazin-1-ium-1-yl]propanenitrile —— C17H19N4O2S+
    3-[4-[5-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]piperazin-1-ium-1-yl]propanenitrile
    —— 2-(2,3-Dibromo-6-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-7-(propan-2-yl)-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrido[4',3':4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ol —— C19H21Br2N3O3S
    2-(2,3-Dibromo-6-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-7-(propan-2-yl)-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrido[4',3':4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ol
    —— methyl 2-{(E)-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl}-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxylate —— C18H19NO4S
    methyl 2-{(E)-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl}-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-[(1S)-1-(5-bromo-2-fluoroanilino)ethyl]benzene-1,4-diol —— C14H13BrFNO2
    2-[(1S)-1-(5-bromo-2-fluoroanilino)ethyl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2-[(1S)-1-(5-bromo-2-fluoroanilino)ethyl]-5-methylphenol —— C15H15BrFNO
    2-[(1S)-1-(5-bromo-2-fluoroanilino)ethyl]-5-methylphenol
    —— ethyl 2-(4-chloroanilino)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate —— C21H18ClNO5S
    ethyl 2-(4-chloroanilino)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-[[(2R)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino]ethanesulfonamide —— C12H20N2O3S
    2-[[(2R)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino]ethanesulfonamide
    —— 2-[[(1R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide —— C11H18N2O4S
    2-[[(1R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide
    —— 2-[[(1R)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide —— C11H18N2O4S
    2-[[(1R)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide
    —— 2-[[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide —— C11H18N2O3S
    2-[[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide
    —— 2-[[(2S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino]ethanesulfonamide —— C12H20N2O3S
    2-[[(2S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino]ethanesulfonamide
    —— 2-[[(1S)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide —— C11H18N2O4S
    2-[[(1S)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide
    —— 2-[[(1R)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide —— C10H16N2O4S
    2-[[(1R)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide
    —— 2-[[(1R)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide —— C11H18N2O3S
    2-[[(1R)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide
    —— 2-[[(1R)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide —— C11H18N2O4S
    2-[[(1R)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide
    —— 2-[[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide —— C11H18N2O4S
    2-[[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide
    —— 2-[[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide —— C11H18N2O4S
    2-[[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide
    —— 2-[[(1R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide —— C11H18N2O3S
    2-[[(1R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide
    —— 2-[[(1S)-1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide —— C10H16N2O4S
    2-[[(1S)-1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide
    —— 2-[[(1R)-1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide —— C10H16N2O4S
    2-[[(1R)-1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]ethanesulfonamide
    —— 2-[(1S)-1-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]-4-methoxyphenol —— C14H19N3O2
    2-[(1S)-1-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[(1S)-1-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol —— C13H17N3O2
    4-[(1S)-1-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]-4-methoxyphenol —— C14H19N3O2
    2-[(1R)-1-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]benzene-1,4-diol —— C13H17N3O2
    2-[(1R)-1-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2-[(1S)-1-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]-4-methylphenol —— C14H19N3O
    2-[(1S)-1-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]-5-methylphenol —— C14H19N3O
    2-[(1R)-1-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino]ethyl]-5-methylphenol
    —— ethyl 2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-thiophen-2-yl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C21H17BrN2O4S2
    ethyl 2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-thiophen-2-yl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 3-Benzyl-2-benzylimino-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C24H19ClN2O2S
    3-Benzyl-2-benzylimino-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 1-Cyclohexyl-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]pyrrolidine-2,3-dione —— C17H19NO3
    1-Cyclohexyl-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]pyrrolidine-2,3-dione
    —— 8-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-6,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione —— C16H16O6
    8-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-6,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione
    —— ethyl 5-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C25H24N4O6S
    ethyl 5-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 2,3,4a,8a-Tetrachloro-6-ethenyl-5-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-5,8-dihydronaphthalene-1,4-dione —— C19H14Cl4O4
    2,3,4a,8a-Tetrachloro-6-ethenyl-5-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-5,8-dihydronaphthalene-1,4-dione
    —— 5-[(2-Bromo-5-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-methylphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C24H19BrN2O2S
    5-[(2-Bromo-5-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-methylphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— [4-[(Diethylazaniumyl)methyl]-2,5-dihydroxyphenyl]methyl-diethylazanium —— C16H30N2O2+2
    [4-[(Diethylazaniumyl)methyl]-2,5-dihydroxyphenyl]methyl-diethylazanium
    —— 1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(2-nitrophenyl)thiourea —— C15H14N4O4S
    1-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(2-nitrophenyl)thiourea
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-[[(1S,2S,3S)-2,3-dimethylcyclohexyl]amino]ethyl]-5-methylphenol —— C17H27NO
    2-[(1R)-1-[[(1S,2S,3S)-2,3-dimethylcyclohexyl]amino]ethyl]-5-methylphenol
    —— 2-[(1S)-1-[[(1R,2S,3S)-2,3-dimethylcyclohexyl]amino]ethyl]-5-methylphenol —— C17H27NO
    2-[(1S)-1-[[(1R,2S,3S)-2,3-dimethylcyclohexyl]amino]ethyl]-5-methylphenol
    —— 2-[(1S)-1-[[(1S,2S,3S)-2,3-dimethylcyclohexyl]amino]ethyl]-5-methylphenol —— C17H27NO
    2-[(1S)-1-[[(1S,2S,3S)-2,3-dimethylcyclohexyl]amino]ethyl]-5-methylphenol
    —— 3-[1-[2-(2-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)acetyl]piperidin-4-yl]-4-butyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one —— C21H29BrN2O5
    3-[1-[2-(2-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)acetyl]piperidin-4-yl]-4-butyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— 4-(5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-2H-imidazol-1-ium-2-yl)phenol —— C13H19N2O2+
    4-(5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-2H-imidazol-1-ium-2-yl)phenol
    —— (4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-[5-hydroxy-3-methylidene-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolidin-1-yl]methanone —— C13H13F3N2O4
    (4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-[5-hydroxy-3-methylidene-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolidin-1-yl]methanone
    —— zinc;[amino(sulfoniumylidene)methyl]-[(Z)-(3-methoxy-2-oxoniophenyl)methylideneamino]azanide —— C9H12N3O2SZn+3
    zinc;[amino(sulfoniumylidene)methyl]-[(Z)-(3-methoxy-2-oxoniophenyl)methylideneamino]azanide
    —— (4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]azanium —— C17H22NO4+
    (4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]azanium
    —— 4-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl]benzene-1,3-diol —— C11H16O4
    4-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl]benzene-1,3-diol