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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-[2-(3-ethyl-4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-4-methoxybenzaldehyde —— C19H22O4
    3-[2-(3-ethyl-4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-4-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2-[(4-bromophenyl)sulfanyl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide —— C14H11BrN2O4S
    2-[(4-bromophenyl)sulfanyl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfanyl]acetamide —— C15H14N2O4S
    N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfanyl]acetamide
    —— 2-(4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide —— C16H15ClN2O5
    2-(4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)sulfanylacetamide —— C15H14N2O4S
    N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)sulfanylacetamide
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)-5-oxo-2-propan-2-ylpentanoic acid —— C14H18N2O6
    5-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)-5-oxo-2-propan-2-ylpentanoic acid
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide —— C15H14N2O5
    N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— 3-(2-Chloroanilino)-2-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]prop-2-enenitrile —— C19H14ClN3O2S
    3-(2-Chloroanilino)-2-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]prop-2-enenitrile
    —— 2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide —— C15H12N4O4S
    2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-(4-morpholino-6-(phenylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylthio)acetamide —— C21H21N7O5S
    N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-(4-morpholino-6-(phenylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylthio)acetamide
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-(phenylsulfanyl)acetamide —— C14H12N2O4S
    N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-(phenylsulfanyl)acetamide
    —— 2-(4-fluorophenyl)sulfanyl-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide —— C14H11FN2O4S
    2-(4-fluorophenyl)sulfanyl-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide —— C15H14N2O5
    N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— 3-(3-Fluoroanilino)-2-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]prop-2-enenitrile —— C19H14FN3O2S
    3-(3-Fluoroanilino)-2-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]prop-2-enenitrile
    —— 4-[2-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]ethyl]-2,2-dimethyloxan-4-ol —— C17H27NO4
    4-[2-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]ethyl]-2,2-dimethyloxan-4-ol
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-2,2-dimethyloxan-4-yl)ethyl-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]azanium —— C17H28NO4+
    2-(4-Hydroxy-2,2-dimethyloxan-4-yl)ethyl-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]azanium
    —— 2(6)-(2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-1-morpholino-cyclohexen-(1) 2065-05-6 C16H21NO3
    2(6)-(2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-1-morpholino-cyclohexen-(1)
    —— 2-(5-Ethyl-6,12-dihydrobenzimidazolo[1,2-c]quinazoline-7,12-diium-6-yl)-4-nitrophenolate —— C22H19N4O3+
    2-(5-Ethyl-6,12-dihydrobenzimidazolo[1,2-c]quinazoline-7,12-diium-6-yl)-4-nitrophenolate
    —— 3-chloro-4-[2-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]benzaldehyde —— C16H14ClFO3
    3-chloro-4-[2-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]benzaldehyde
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid —— C13H12N4O5
    4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid
    —— 4-Amino-13-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-11-oxo-8-thia-3,10-diazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,7]trideca-1(9),2(7),3,5-tetraene-5-carbonitrile —— C19H16N4O3S
    4-Amino-13-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-11-oxo-8-thia-3,10-diazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,7]trideca-1(9),2(7),3,5-tetraene-5-carbonitrile
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-(5-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl)acetonitrile —— C17H15N3O
    2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-(5-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl)acetonitrile
    —— 4-[3-(4-Bromophenyl)propoxy]phenol —— C15H15BrO2
    4-[3-(4-Bromophenyl)propoxy]phenol
    —— 4-[2-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]benzoic acid —— C16H15ClO4
    4-[2-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]benzoic acid
    —— 3-[2-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]benzoic acid —— C16H15ClO4
    3-[2-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]benzoic acid
    —— Prop-2-en-1-yl 5-cyano-6-{[2-(diphenylamino)-2-oxoethyl]sulfanyl}-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate —— C32H29N3O5S
    Prop-2-en-1-yl 5-cyano-6-{[2-(diphenylamino)-2-oxoethyl]sulfanyl}-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate
    —— 4-[3-(3-Bromophenyl)propoxy]phenol —— C15H15BrO2
    4-[3-(3-Bromophenyl)propoxy]phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-[1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium-4-ylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C10H12ClN4O+
    4-chloro-2-[1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium-4-ylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-[5-[(2-fluorophenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]propanamide —— C21H19FN2O5S
    N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-[5-[(2-fluorophenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]propanamide
    —— N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-[4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide —— C18H16N2O4S3
    N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-[4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide
    —— 2-(5-benzylidene-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide —— C20H18N2O5S
    2-(5-benzylidene-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide
    —— N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-[5-[(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide —— C19H19N3O4S2
    N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-[5-[(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide
    —— 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,7-dihydrofuro[3,4-b]pyridine-2,5(1H,3H)-dione —— C21H18ClNO6
    1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,7-dihydrofuro[3,4-b]pyridine-2,5(1H,3H)-dione
    —— 3-chloro-4-[2-(4-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)ethoxy]benzaldehyde —— C17H17ClO3
    3-chloro-4-[2-(4-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)ethoxy]benzaldehyde
    —— 3-chloro-4-[2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]benzaldehyde —— C17H17ClO3
    3-chloro-4-[2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]benzaldehyde
    —— 4-Chloro-2-[2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylidene)ethylideneamino]phenol —— C15H18ClNO3
    4-Chloro-2-[2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylidene)ethylideneamino]phenol
    —— N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-[5-[3-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-enylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]propanamide —— C21H20N2O5S2
    N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-[5-[3-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-enylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]propanamide
    —— 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,7-dihydrofuro[3,4-b]pyridine-2,5(1H,3H)-dione —— C20H16ClNO5
    1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,7-dihydrofuro[3,4-b]pyridine-2,5(1H,3H)-dione
    —— 1-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,7-dihydrofuro[3,4-b]pyridine-2,5(1H,3H)-dione —— C20H15ClFNO5
    1-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,7-dihydrofuro[3,4-b]pyridine-2,5(1H,3H)-dione
    —— N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-[5-[(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide —— C19H19N3O5S
    N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-[5-[(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide
    —— 4-[2-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3-methoxybenzaldehyde —— C17H17FO4
    4-[2-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 3-[2-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-4-methoxybenzaldehyde —— C17H17FO4
    3-[2-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-4-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 3-[2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]aniline —— C17H21NO4
    3-[2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]aniline
    —— 2-[2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]aniline —— C17H21NO4
    2-[2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]aniline
    —— 4-[2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]aniline —— C17H21NO4
    4-[2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]aniline
    —— 2-[2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylidene)ethylideneamino]phenol —— C15H19NO3
    2-[2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylidene)ethylideneamino]phenol
    —— N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-[4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]butanamide —— C20H20N2O3S3
    N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-[4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]butanamide
    —— N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-[5-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide —— C21H20N2O6S
    N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-[5-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide
    —— N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-[5-[(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]propanamide —— C20H21N3O5S
    N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-[5-[(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]propanamide
    —— [4-[2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3-methoxyphenyl]methanol —— C18H22O4
    [4-[2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3-methoxyphenyl]methanol