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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[(5E)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]ethanesulfonic acid —— C12H11NO5S3
    2-[(5E)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]ethanesulfonic acid
    —— 3-Cyclohexyl-5-[(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C23H22Br2N2O3S
    3-Cyclohexyl-5-[(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-[bis(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-6-nitrobenzene-1,3-diol —— C15H15N5O6
    4-[bis(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-6-nitrobenzene-1,3-diol
    —— 5-[[[(1R)-1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)ethyl]amino]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C16H17F2NO2
    5-[[[(1R)-1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)ethyl]amino]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-Octakis(1-methylcyclopentyl)nonacyclo[43.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19.121,25.127,31.133,37.139,43]hexapentaconta-1(48),3,5,7(56),9,11,13(55),15,17,19(54),21,23,25(53),27(52),28,30,33(51),34,36,39(50),40,42,45(49),46-tetracosaene-49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-octol —— C104H128O8
    5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-Octakis(1-methylcyclopentyl)nonacyclo[43.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19.121,25.127,31.133,37.139,43]hexapentaconta-1(48),3,5,7(56),9,11,13(55),15,17,19(54),21,23,25(53),27(52),28,30,33(51),34,36,39(50),40,42,45(49),46-tetracosaene-49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-octol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[[[(1S)-1-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenol —— C15H19NO3
    2-methoxy-5-[[[(1S)-1-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenol
    —— 5-[(3-Bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-ethylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H14BrClN2O2S
    5-[(3-Bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-ethylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[[[(2R)-octan-2-yl]amino]methyl]phenol —— C16H27NO2
    2-methoxy-5-[[[(2R)-octan-2-yl]amino]methyl]phenol
    —— (2S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(propan-2-ylamino)acetonitrile —— C11H14N2O2
    (2S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(propan-2-ylamino)acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-(propan-2-ylamino)acetonitrile —— C13H18N2O
    (2R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-(propan-2-ylamino)acetonitrile
    —— (2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(propan-2-ylamino)acetonitrile —— C11H14N2O2
    (2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(propan-2-ylamino)acetonitrile
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[2-[(2S)-piperidin-2-yl]ethyl]phenol —— C14H21NO2
    2-methoxy-4-[2-[(2S)-piperidin-2-yl]ethyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[2-[(2R)-piperidin-2-yl]ethyl]phenol —— C14H21NO2
    2-methoxy-4-[2-[(2R)-piperidin-2-yl]ethyl]phenol
    —— 3-[2-(Azepan-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C18H18IN3O6S
    3-[2-(Azepan-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 3-Benzyl-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C24H20N2O3S
    3-Benzyl-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(Dihydroxyamino)-4,6-dinitrophenol —— C6H5N3O7
    2-(Dihydroxyamino)-4,6-dinitrophenol
    —— ethyl 2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(4-prop-2-enoxyphenyl)-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C27H26N2O6S
    ethyl 2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(4-prop-2-enoxyphenyl)-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (2E)-2-[[5-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene]-1-benzothiophen-3-one —— C19H11NO5S
    (2E)-2-[[5-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene]-1-benzothiophen-3-one
    —— N-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide —— C18H12FN3O6S
    N-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide
    —— 3-[[5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid —— C18H13N3O6S
    3-[[5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid
    —— [(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea —— C8H7I2N3OS
    [(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 4-chloro-N-[5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]benzamide —— C18H13ClN2O4S2
    4-chloro-N-[5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]benzamide
    —— 2-[5-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetic acid —— C13H10BrNO6S
    2-[5-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetic acid
    —— [Anilino(sulfoniumylidene)methyl]-[(3-methoxy-2-oxoniophenyl)methylideneamino]azanide;cobalt(2+);hydroxide —— C15H17CoN3O3S+2
    [Anilino(sulfoniumylidene)methyl]-[(3-methoxy-2-oxoniophenyl)methylideneamino]azanide;cobalt(2+);hydroxide
    —— ethyl (2E,5S)-2-[2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H21ClN2O4S
    ethyl (2E,5S)-2-[2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— [2-(Tert-butyliminomethyl)phenyl]oxidanium;cobalt(2+) —— C22H32CoN2O2+4
    [2-(Tert-butyliminomethyl)phenyl]oxidanium;cobalt(2+)
    —— ethyl (2E,5R)-2-[2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H21ClN2O4S
    ethyl (2E,5R)-2-[2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (5E)-1-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione —— C18H12Cl2N2O5
    (5E)-1-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione
    —— 5-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-piperidin-1-yl-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C15H16N2O2S
    5-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-piperidin-1-yl-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium-2-yl)phenol —— C9H11N2O+
    2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium-2-yl)phenol
    —— (5Z)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-(3-methylphenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H11BrN2O4S2
    (5Z)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-(3-methylphenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[4-[(5E)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C24H20N4O4S2
    (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[4-[(5E)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 6-[2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-nitro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione —— C13H10BrN3O6
    6-[2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-nitro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— (5Z)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C17H11BrClNO3S
    (5Z)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H15IN2O2S
    5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-(2-Ethoxyethyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C21H22N2O4S
    3-(2-Ethoxyethyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C9H12FNO
    4-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 2-[5-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide —— C18H11Cl2N3O6S
    2-[5-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— N-[2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylamino)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl]-2-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)sulfanyl]-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)acetamide —— C32H32N4O7S
    N-[2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylamino)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl]-2-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)sulfanyl]-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)acetamide
    —— (+/-)-1,3-Diphenyl-5-<2-hydroxy-phenyl>-Δ<sup>2</sup>-pyrazolin 42966-99-4 C21H18N2O
    (+/-)-1,3-Diphenyl-5-<2-hydroxy-phenyl>-Δ<sup>2</sup>-pyrazolin
    —— 2-Amino-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)buta-1,3-diene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile —— C15H12N4O3
    2-Amino-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)buta-1,3-diene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile
    —— N-[cyano-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]acetamide —— C10H10N2O2
    N-[cyano-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]acetamide
    —— 2.5-Bis-<dibutylamino-methyl>-hydrochinon 95746-06-8 C24H44N2O2
    2.5-Bis-<dibutylamino-methyl>-hydrochinon
    —— 1-(4-Bromophenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)prop-2-en-1-one —— C16H14BrNO2
    1-(4-Bromophenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 2-[(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-(2-hydroxy-6-oxocyclohexen-1-yl)methyl]cyclohexane-1,3-dione —— C19H20O6
    2-[(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-(2-hydroxy-6-oxocyclohexen-1-yl)methyl]cyclohexane-1,3-dione
    —— (1R,5S,6R,7S)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-10-oxa-3-azatricyclo[5.2.1.01,5]dec-8-ene-6-carboxylic acid —— C17H17NO6
    (1R,5S,6R,7S)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-10-oxa-3-azatricyclo[5.2.1.01,5]dec-8-ene-6-carboxylic acid
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H16N2O3S
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— Copper;[2-[(2-oxoniophenyl)iminomethyl]phenyl]oxidanium —— C13H13CuNO2+4
    Copper;[2-[(2-oxoniophenyl)iminomethyl]phenyl]oxidanium
    —— Allyl 5-cyano-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-6-((2-oxo-2-(o-tolylamino)ethyl)thio)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate —— C27H27N3O5S
    Allyl 5-cyano-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-6-((2-oxo-2-(o-tolylamino)ethyl)thio)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate
    —— N-[1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]pentanamide —— C13H18N2O2
    N-[1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]pentanamide