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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[[(1S)-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl]methyl]phenol —— C23H23F3N2O2
    2-methoxy-6-[[(1S)-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 3-[[(1S)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C22H24N2O2
    3-[[(1S)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[[(1S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl]methyl]phenol —— C23H26N2O3
    2-methoxy-5-[[(1S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-[[(1R)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C22H23ClN2O2
    2-[[(1R)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-[[(1R)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C22H24N2O2
    3-[[(1R)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[[(1S)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl]methyl]phenol —— C23H26N2O2
    2-methoxy-5-[[(1S)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-[[(1R)-1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C26H32N2O2
    2-[[(1R)-1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— (3E)-3-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)imino]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one —— C14H9N3O4
    (3E)-3-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)imino]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one
    —— 6-[5-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]hexanoate —— C17H17BrNO5S2-
    6-[5-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]hexanoate
    —— 2-[(2-Hydroxy-4-methylanilino)methylidene]cyclopentan-1-one —— C13H15NO2
    2-[(2-Hydroxy-4-methylanilino)methylidene]cyclopentan-1-one
    —— N'-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4-dioxo-1H-pyrimidine-6-carbohydrazide —— C13H14N4O5
    N'-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4-dioxo-1H-pyrimidine-6-carbohydrazide
    —— 2,3,4a,8a-Tetrachloro-6-ethenyl-5-(2-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enylphenyl)-5,8-dihydronaphthalene-1,4-dione —— C21H16Cl4O3
    2,3,4a,8a-Tetrachloro-6-ethenyl-5-(2-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enylphenyl)-5,8-dihydronaphthalene-1,4-dione
    —— Methyl 4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-oxopyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C18H21NO6
    Methyl 4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-oxopyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propanamide —— C17H16ClN5O3
    2-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propanamide
    —— ethyl 5-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C27H28N2O7S
    ethyl 5-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 3-[(1R)-1-[(1,1-dioxothian-4-yl)amino]ethyl]phenol —— C13H19NO3S
    3-[(1R)-1-[(1,1-dioxothian-4-yl)amino]ethyl]phenol
    —— 3-[(1S)-1-[(1,1-dioxothian-4-yl)amino]ethyl]phenol —— C13H19NO3S
    3-[(1S)-1-[(1,1-dioxothian-4-yl)amino]ethyl]phenol
    —— 2-[(1S)-1-[(1,1-dioxothian-4-yl)amino]ethyl]-4-methylphenol —— C14H21NO3S
    2-[(1S)-1-[(1,1-dioxothian-4-yl)amino]ethyl]-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H18N2O5S
    2-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(2-Ethylphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H18N2O3S
    2-(2-Ethylphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-[[5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid —— C18H14N2O5S
    2-[[5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid
    —— 2-(4-Butylphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C21H22N2O3S
    2-(4-Butylphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(4-Ethylphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H18N2O3S
    2-(4-Ethylphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N-[4-[[5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]phenyl]acetamide —— C19H17N3O4S
    N-[4-[[5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]phenyl]acetamide
    —— 2-[(1S)-1-(oxan-4-ylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C13H19NO2
    2-[(1S)-1-(oxan-4-ylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 4-[(1R)-1-(oxan-4-ylamino)ethyl]phenol —— C13H19NO2
    4-[(1R)-1-(oxan-4-ylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 2-[(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-3-one —— C12H10N2O3S
    2-[(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-3-one
    —— 3-Butyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C15H17NO4S
    3-Butyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-3-one —— C14H14N2O4S
    2-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-3-one
    —— 3-Ethyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C13H13NO4S
    3-Ethyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-[(3-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-3-one —— C12H10N2O2S
    2-[(3-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-3-one
    —— 3-Butyl-5-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C14H15NO4S
    3-Butyl-5-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 3-Ethyl-2-ethylimino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C14H16N2O2S
    3-Ethyl-2-ethylimino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-Butyl-2-butylimino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H24N2O2S
    3-Butyl-2-butylimino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-Butyl-2-butylimino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H26N2O3S
    3-Butyl-2-butylimino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-[(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-ethyl-2-ethylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C14H16N2O3S
    5-[(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-ethyl-2-ethylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C22H23NO6S2
    3-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-(2,5-Dimethylphenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H17NO3S2
    3-(2,5-Dimethylphenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C21H21NO5S2
    5-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-(4-Ethylphenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H17NO3S2
    3-(4-Ethylphenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H17NO5S2
    3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H19NO6S2
    3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-(4-Ethylphenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H19NO4S2
    3-(4-Ethylphenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-Tert-butyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C15H17NO3S2
    3-Tert-butyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-[5-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]ethanesulfonic acid —— C14H15NO7S3
    2-[5-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]ethanesulfonic acid
    —— 3-(2,5-Dimethylphenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H19NO4S2
    3-(2,5-Dimethylphenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-[5-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]hexanoic acid —— C18H21NO6S2
    2-[5-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]hexanoic acid
    —— 3-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H15NO5S2
    3-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N-[5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-2-phenylacetamide —— C20H18N2O5S2
    N-[5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-2-phenylacetamide
    —— 3-(4-Butylphenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C22H23NO4S2
    3-(4-Butylphenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one