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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-[(5-Hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(2-methylphenyl)urea —— C15H14N4O4
    1-[(5-Hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(2-methylphenyl)urea
    —— (5Z)-5-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(prop-2-YN-1-YL)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C14H10ClNO4S
    (5Z)-5-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(prop-2-YN-1-YL)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 1-[(2S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]-3-pyridin-3-ylurea —— C16H19N3O2
    1-[(2S)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]-3-pyridin-3-ylurea
    —— 2-[3-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]-3-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile —— C28H27BrN4O6S
    2-[3-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]-3-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile
    —— Ethyl 5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-2,3-dihydro-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate 309921-60-6 C25H21BrN2O7S
    Ethyl 5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-2,3-dihydro-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 6-Amino-3-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile —— C18H13ClN4O3S
    6-Amino-3-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile
    —— propan-2-yl 2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H22N2O4S
    propan-2-yl 2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— ethyl 2-(3-chloroanilino)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate —— C21H18ClNO5S
    ethyl 2-(3-chloroanilino)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-imino-4-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)thiolan-3-one —— C14H9BrN2O2S2
    2-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-imino-4-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)thiolan-3-one
    —— 4-{2-[(3-Chloro-4-methylphenyl)amino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}benzene-1,2-diol —— C16H13ClN2O2S
    4-{2-[(3-Chloro-4-methylphenyl)amino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7(6H)-dione —— C12H7N3O3
    6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7(6H)-dione
    —— 2-Bromo-4-{[ethyl(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amino]methyl}-6-methoxyphenol —— C16H19BrN2O2
    2-Bromo-4-{[ethyl(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amino]methyl}-6-methoxyphenol
    —— N-[(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-2-(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)acetamide —— C15H10Br3N3O5
    N-[(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-2-(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)acetamide
    —— methyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C14H15IN2O4S
    methyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-2-sulfanylidene-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide —— C20H19N5O5S
    4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-N-[(3-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-2-sulfanylidene-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide
    —— 2-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-6-methyl-4H-1,3,4-thiadiazin-5-one —— C11H11N3O3S
    2-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-6-methyl-4H-1,3,4-thiadiazin-5-one
    —— N-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide —— C14H10Cl2N2O4
    N-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
    —— 2-[(E)-[(4-Methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl]-6-nitrophenol —— C14H12N2O4
    2-[(E)-[(4-Methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl]-6-nitrophenol
    —— 2-[(E)-[(2-Methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl]-6-nitrophenol —— C14H12N2O4
    2-[(E)-[(2-Methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl]-6-nitrophenol
    —— (2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene-(phenylcarbamothioylamino)azanium —— C15H16N3O2S+
    (2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene-(phenylcarbamothioylamino)azanium
    —— 8a-bromo-7-ethenyl-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione —— C20H19BrO4
    8a-bromo-7-ethenyl-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione
    —— 2-(4-Benzofuran-2-yl-3-methyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-5-methoxy-phenol 75960-81-5 C19H15NO4
    2-(4-Benzofuran-2-yl-3-methyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-5-methoxy-phenol
    —— N,N'-bis[1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]pentanediamide —— C21H24N4O4
    N,N'-bis[1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]pentanediamide
    —— [(Z)-[amino(nitramido)methylidene]amino]-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]azanium —— C9H12N5O4+
    [(Z)-[amino(nitramido)methylidene]amino]-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]azanium
    —— 2-[[(4-Amino-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]-4-chlorophenol —— C10H11ClN6O
    2-[[(4-Amino-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]-4-chlorophenol
    —— 5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H10INO2S2
    5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— Ethyl 1-[5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]piperidine-3-carboxylate —— C19H22N2O5S
    Ethyl 1-[5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]piperidine-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl 7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-oxo-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H21N3O7S
    ethyl 7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-oxo-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzylidene)-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one —— C16H13NO3
    3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzylidene)-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one
    —— 3-Nitro-4-hydroxy benzaldoxime —— C7H6N2O4
    3-Nitro-4-hydroxy benzaldoxime
    —— 3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-5,6-dimethoxy-1H-indol-2-one —— C18H16N2O6
    3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-5,6-dimethoxy-1H-indol-2-one
    —— 2-bromo-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide —— C15H13BrN2O3
    2-bromo-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— [(3R)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-yl]-[4-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl]methanone —— C20H19N3O7
    [(3R)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-yl]-[4-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl]methanone
    —— [(3S)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-yl]-[4-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl]methanone —— C20H19N3O7
    [(3S)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-yl]-[4-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl]methanone
    —— 5-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,4a,8a-tetrachloro-6-ethenyl-5,8-dihydronaphthalene-1,4-dione —— C19H13BrCl4O4
    5-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,4a,8a-tetrachloro-6-ethenyl-5,8-dihydronaphthalene-1,4-dione
    —— 2-{[(4-Hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)amino]methylidene}-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanenitrile —— C15H18N2O2
    2-{[(4-Hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)amino]methylidene}-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanenitrile
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(morpholin-4-ium-4-ylmethyl)benzaldehyde —— C13H18NO4+
    2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(morpholin-4-ium-4-ylmethyl)benzaldehyde
    —— 2-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)imino-3-ethyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C24H26N2O3S
    2-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)imino-3-ethyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— ethyl 2-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C23H17BrFN3O6S
    ethyl 2-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— Diethyl 4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate —— C27H30BrNO8
    Diethyl 4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
    —— N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-6-methyl-8-oxo-3,8a-dihydropyrido[2,3-b][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxamide —— C16H14N4O3S
    N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-6-methyl-8-oxo-3,8a-dihydropyrido[2,3-b][1,4]thiazine-2-carboxamide
    —— 5-[(2-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C17H11BrClNO4S
    5-[(2-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 8a-bromo-7-ethenyl-8-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione —— C21H21BrO5
    8a-bromo-7-ethenyl-8-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione
    —— 2-methoxyethyl (6R)-3-cyclopropyl-6-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-4-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C18H21N3O6S
    2-methoxyethyl (6R)-3-cyclopropyl-6-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-4-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (6S)-3-cyclopropyl-6-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-4-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C17H19N3O5S
    ethyl (6S)-3-cyclopropyl-6-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-4-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (6R)-3-cyclopropyl-6-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-4-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C17H19N3O5S
    ethyl (6R)-3-cyclopropyl-6-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-4-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— 2-methoxyethyl (6S)-3-cyclopropyl-6-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-4-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C18H21N3O6S
    2-methoxyethyl (6S)-3-cyclopropyl-6-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-4-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— methyl (6S)-3-cyclopropyl-6-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-4-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C16H17N3O5S
    methyl (6S)-3-cyclopropyl-6-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-4-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— (ethylcarbamothioylamino)-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]azanium —— C10H14N3OS+
    (ethylcarbamothioylamino)-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]azanium
    —— 1-Ethyl-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea —— C11H15N3O2S
    1-Ethyl-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea