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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-[(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H17NO5S
    5-[(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-[2-(5-nitro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenol —— C16H12N2O4S
    2-Methoxy-5-[2-(5-nitro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenol
    —— 2-Iodo-6-methoxy-4-[2-(6-nitro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenol —— C16H11IN2O4S
    2-Iodo-6-methoxy-4-[2-(6-nitro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethenyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxyethyl 7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-1,7-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C15H17N5O4
    2-methoxyethyl 7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-1,7-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 2,4-Dibromo-6-[3-(2-methylphenyl)-2,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]phenol —— C15H12Br2N2O2
    2,4-Dibromo-6-[3-(2-methylphenyl)-2,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-(7-thia-9,11-diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02,6]dodeca-1(12),2(6),8,10-tetraen-12-ylamino)phenol —— C16H15N3O2S
    2-Methoxy-5-(7-thia-9,11-diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02,6]dodeca-1(12),2(6),8,10-tetraen-12-ylamino)phenol
    —— 2-(2-bromo-4-chlorophenoxy)-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide —— C14H10BrClN2O5
    2-(2-bromo-4-chlorophenoxy)-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-methyl-6-[[4-(2-phenylethenylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C21H26N2O4S
    2-Methoxy-4-methyl-6-[[4-(2-phenylethenylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 4-[(2-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]benzenesulfonic acid —— C13H10N2O6S
    4-[(2-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]benzenesulfonic acid
    —— ethyl 2-[(1-ethylpyrazol-4-yl)methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C22H22N4O4S
    ethyl 2-[(1-ethylpyrazol-4-yl)methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 3-(4-Bromothiophen-2-yl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one —— C14H11BrO3S
    3-(4-Bromothiophen-2-yl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 4-[(2-bromo-5-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione —— C10H9BrN4OS
    4-[(2-bromo-5-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione
    —— 4-[(2-bromo-5-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione —— C10H7BrF2N4OS
    4-[(2-bromo-5-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione
    —— 4-[(2-bromo-5-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione —— C9H7BrN4OS
    4-[(2-bromo-5-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione
    —— 2-[(2-ethylpyrazol-3-yl)methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide —— C27H25N5O4S
    2-[(2-ethylpyrazol-3-yl)methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide
    —— ethyl 2-[(1-ethylpyrazol-3-yl)methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C22H22N4O4S
    ethyl 2-[(1-ethylpyrazol-3-yl)methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 2-[(1-ethylpyrazol-3-yl)methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide —— C27H25N5O4S
    2-[(1-ethylpyrazol-3-yl)methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide
    —— 2-[(1,5-dimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide —— C27H25N5O4S
    2-[(1,5-dimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide
    —— 2-(furan-3-ylmethylidene)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide —— C26H21N3O5S
    2-(furan-3-ylmethylidene)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide
    —— 2-[(1,3-dimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide —— C27H25N5O4S
    2-[(1,3-dimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenyl-2-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methylidene]-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide —— C28H27N5O4S
    5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenyl-2-[(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methylidene]-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide
    —— ethyl 2-[(1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H26N4O4S
    ethyl 2-[(1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 4-[[3-Ethyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid —— C20H18N2O5S
    4-[[3-Ethyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid
    —— 4-[[5-[(2,3-Dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid —— C19H14Br2N2O5S
    4-[[5-[(2,3-Dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid
    —— 2-(2,3-dichloro-6-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one —— C17H16Cl2N2O3S
    2-(2,3-dichloro-6-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one
    —— 2-(2,3-dibromo-6-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one —— C17H16Br2N2O3S
    2-(2,3-dibromo-6-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one
    —— 2-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one —— C16H15N3O4S
    2-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one —— C17H18N2O3S
    2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one
    —— 2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one —— C17H17BrN2O3S
    2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one
    —— 2-(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one —— C17H16Br2N2O3S
    2-(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one
    —— 2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one —— C17H17BrN2O3S
    2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one
    —— 2,3,5,6,7,8-Hexahydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)[1]benzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one 944532-23-4 C18H20N2O4S
    2,3,5,6,7,8-Hexahydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)[1]benzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one
    —— 2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one —— C17H17ClN2O3S
    2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one
    —— 2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one —— C17H17ClN2O3S
    2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one
    —— 5-[[3-(Difluoromethyl)-6-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-7-ylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C14H12F2N4O2S
    5-[[3-(Difluoromethyl)-6-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-7-ylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[[3-Ethyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid —— C19H15N3O6S
    4-[[3-Ethyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid
    —— 3-[[5-[(2-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-ethyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid —— C20H17BrN2O5S
    3-[[5-[(2-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-ethyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid
    —— 3-[[5-[(2,3-Dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-ethyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid —— C20H16Br2N2O5S
    3-[[5-[(2,3-Dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-ethyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid
    —— 4-[[5-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid —— C19H15BrN2O5S
    4-[[5-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid
    —— 4-[[3-Ethyl-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid —— C20H18N2O5S
    4-[[3-Ethyl-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid
    —— 4-[[5-[(2-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-ethyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid —— C20H17BrN2O5S
    4-[[5-[(2-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-ethyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid
    —— 4-[[5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid —— C18H13N3O6S
    4-[[5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid
    —— 3-[[5-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-ethyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid —— C20H17BrN2O5S
    3-[[5-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-ethyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid
    —— N-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-imidazol-1-ylacetamide —— C12H12N4O2
    N-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-imidazol-1-ylacetamide
    —— 3-[[5-[(2,3-Dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid —— C19H14Br2N2O5S
    3-[[5-[(2,3-Dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid
    —— 4-[[5-[(2-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid —— C19H15BrN2O5S
    4-[[5-[(2-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid
    —— 3-[[3-Ethyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid —— C19H15N3O6S
    3-[[3-Ethyl-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid
    —— 3-[[5-[(2-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid —— C19H15BrN2O5S
    3-[[5-[(2-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid
    —— 5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-morpholin-4-yl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C15H16N2O4S2
    5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-morpholin-4-yl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylidene)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C14H10N2O2S2
    3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylidene)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one