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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-ethyl-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide —— C11H15N3O2S
    N-ethyl-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide
    —— 2-bromo-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-methylpropanamide —— C12H16BrNO3
    2-bromo-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-methylpropanamide
    —— (2R)-2-chloro-N-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpropanamide —— C12H16ClNO3
    (2R)-2-chloro-N-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpropanamide
    —— (2R)-2-bromo-N-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpropanamide —— C12H16BrNO3
    (2R)-2-bromo-N-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpropanamide
    —— (2S)-2-bromo-N-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpropanamide —— C12H16BrNO3
    (2S)-2-bromo-N-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpropanamide
    —— 5-(chloromethyl)-N-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]furan-2-carboxamide —— C15H16ClNO4
    5-(chloromethyl)-N-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]furan-2-carboxamide
    —— (2R)-2-chloro-N-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methyl-2-phenylacetamide —— C17H18ClNO3
    (2R)-2-chloro-N-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methyl-2-phenylacetamide
    —— (2S)-2-chloro-N-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methyl-2-phenylacetamide —— C17H18ClNO3
    (2S)-2-chloro-N-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methyl-2-phenylacetamide
    —— (2S)-2-chloro-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methyl]-N-methylpropanamide —— C11H13ClN2O4
    (2S)-2-chloro-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methyl]-N-methylpropanamide
    —— (2S)-2-bromo-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide —— C11H14BrNO2
    (2S)-2-bromo-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide
    —— (2R)-2-chloro-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpropanamide —— C15H20ClNO3
    (2R)-2-chloro-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpropanamide
    —— (2R)-2-bromo-N-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N,3-dimethylbutanamide —— C13H18BrNO3
    (2R)-2-bromo-N-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N,3-dimethylbutanamide
    —— (2R)-2-bromo-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide —— C11H14BrNO2
    (2R)-2-bromo-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide
    —— 2-bromo-N-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N,2-dimethylpropanamide —— C12H16BrNO2
    2-bromo-N-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N,2-dimethylpropanamide
    —— (2S)-2-chloro-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpropanamide —— C15H20ClNO3
    (2S)-2-chloro-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpropanamide
    —— 2-bromo-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methyl]-N-methylacetamide —— C10H11BrN2O4
    2-bromo-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methyl]-N-methylacetamide
    —— (2R)-2-chloro-N-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-phenylacetamide —— C17H18ClNO3
    (2R)-2-chloro-N-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-phenylacetamide
    —— 4-(chloromethyl)-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-5-methylfuran-2-carboxamide —— C15H16ClNO4
    4-(chloromethyl)-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-5-methylfuran-2-carboxamide
    —— (2R)-2-bromo-N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]propanamide —— C10H12BrNO2
    (2R)-2-bromo-N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]propanamide
    —— (2R)-2-bromo-N-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]propanamide —— C11H14BrNO3
    (2R)-2-bromo-N-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]propanamide
    —— (2S)-2-bromo-N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]propanamide —— C10H12BrNO2
    (2S)-2-bromo-N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]propanamide
    —— (2R)-2-chloro-N-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-phenylacetamide —— C16H16ClNO3
    (2R)-2-chloro-N-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-phenylacetamide
    —— 4-(5-Hexyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)phenol —— C16H24O3
    4-(5-Hexyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 3-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]prop-2-enenitrile —— C20H16N2O2S
    3-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]prop-2-enenitrile
    —— 3-bromo-N-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpropanamide —— C12H16BrNO3
    3-bromo-N-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpropanamide
    —— 3-chloro-N-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethyl-N-pyridin-2-ylpropanamide —— C17H19ClN2O2
    3-chloro-N-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethyl-N-pyridin-2-ylpropanamide
    —— [amino(sulfoniumylidene)methyl]-[(Z)-(3-methoxy-2-oxoniophenyl)methylideneamino]azanide;nickel(2+);pyridine;hydroxide —— C14H18N4NiO3S+2
    [amino(sulfoniumylidene)methyl]-[(Z)-(3-methoxy-2-oxoniophenyl)methylideneamino]azanide;nickel(2+);pyridine;hydroxide
    —— 4-[[5-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]methyl]benzoic acid —— C24H16BrN3O6S
    4-[[5-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]methyl]benzoic acid
    —— (2R)-N-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-chloro-N-methylpropanamide —— C11H13BrClNO2
    (2R)-N-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-chloro-N-methylpropanamide
    —— (2S)-N-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-chloro-N-methylpropanamide —— C11H13BrClNO2
    (2S)-N-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-chloro-N-methylpropanamide
    —— (2S)-2-chloro-N-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-phenylacetamide —— C16H16ClNO3
    (2S)-2-chloro-N-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-phenylacetamide
    —— (2S)-2-bromo-N-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide —— C12H16BrNO3
    (2S)-2-bromo-N-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide
    —— N,N'-bis[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]butanediamide —— C20H22N4O6
    N,N'-bis[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]butanediamide
    —— N-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-chloro-N-methylacetamide —— C10H11BrClNO2
    N-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-chloro-N-methylacetamide
    —— (2S)-2-bromo-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methyl]-N-methylpropanamide —— C11H13BrN2O4
    (2S)-2-bromo-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methyl]-N-methylpropanamide
    —— 5-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H10BrCl2NO3S2
    5-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylidene]-2-(3-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H18N2O2S
    5-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylidene]-2-(3-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-[(E)-{[(3,5,7-Trimethyladamantan-1-YL)methyl]imino}methyl]phenol —— C21H29NO
    4-[(E)-{[(3,5,7-Trimethyladamantan-1-YL)methyl]imino}methyl]phenol
    —— 2-(3-Chlorophenyl)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H16ClNO3S
    2-(3-Chlorophenyl)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— Ethyl 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-[1,2]thiazolo[2,3-c]triazole-4-carboxylate —— C14H15N3O4S
    Ethyl 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-[1,2]thiazolo[2,3-c]triazole-4-carboxylate
    —— 4-Bromo-2-[[[4-[3-methyl-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)cyclobutyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]diazenyl]methyl]phenol —— C24H26BrN3OS
    4-Bromo-2-[[[4-[3-methyl-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)cyclobutyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]diazenyl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-(3-Chloro-4-methylphenyl)imino-5-[(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H13Br2ClN2O3S
    2-(3-Chloro-4-methylphenyl)imino-5-[(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— ZINC;[amino(sulfoniumylidene)methyl]-[(3-methoxy-2-oxoniophenyl)methylideneamino]azanide;hydroxide —— C9H13N3O3SZn+2
    ZINC;[amino(sulfoniumylidene)methyl]-[(3-methoxy-2-oxoniophenyl)methylideneamino]azanide;hydroxide
    —— (5E)-5-[(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanyl-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C10H7NO3S2
    (5E)-5-[(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanyl-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 8a-bromo-8-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-7-ethenyl-3-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione —— C19H16Br2O3
    8a-bromo-8-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-7-ethenyl-3-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione
    —— 2-Butyl-3-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H23NO3S
    2-Butyl-3-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-imino-4-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)thiolan-3-one —— C15H12N2O3S2
    2-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-imino-4-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)thiolan-3-one
    —— 5-[(3-Bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H18BrClN2O3S
    5-[(3-Bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 1,9-Dihydropurin-6-ylidenesulfanium;(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)mercury —— C11H8HgN6O5S+
    1,9-Dihydropurin-6-ylidenesulfanium;(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)mercury
    —— 1-[1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)thiourea —— C17H19N3O3S
    1-[1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)thiourea