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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-pentyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H19NO3S2
    5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-pentyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2S,5E)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-ethylanilino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H19ClN2O3S
    (2S,5E)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-ethylanilino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (3R)-8-chloro-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxathiin-7-ol —— C9H9ClO2S
    (3R)-8-chloro-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxathiin-7-ol
    —— (3S)-8-chloro-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxathiin-7-ol —— C9H9ClO2S
    (3S)-8-chloro-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxathiin-7-ol
    —— 5-[(2,4-Dihydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C10H5I2NO3S2
    5-[(2,4-Dihydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(4-nitroanilino)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H13N3O5S2
    (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(4-nitroanilino)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N-[(3-bromophenyl)methylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide —— C14H11BrN2O4
    N-[(3-bromophenyl)methylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
    —— 2-(2-ethylsulfanyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)oxy-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C17H20N4O4S
    2-(2-ethylsulfanyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)oxy-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— 2-{(E)-[(2,5-dichlorophenyl)imino]methyl}-6-methoxyphenol 92103-43-0 C14H11Cl2NO2
    2-{(E)-[(2,5-dichlorophenyl)imino]methyl}-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde 5-nitro2-pyridinylhydrazone 28058-38-0 C12H10N4O4
    2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde 5-nitro2-pyridinylhydrazone
    —— 2-Amino-5-(benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)-3-nitrophenol —— C13H11N5O3
    2-Amino-5-(benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)-3-nitrophenol
    —— 5-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylidene]-3-[(3-methylphenyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C20H19NO3S
    5-[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylidene]-3-[(3-methylphenyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H16N2O3S
    (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H16N2O3S
    5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-amino-7-(furan-2-yl)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile —— C21H18N2O5
    2-amino-7-(furan-2-yl)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile
    —— 2-Nitro-5-sulfanylbenzene-1,4-diol —— C6H5NO4S
    2-Nitro-5-sulfanylbenzene-1,4-diol
    —— 4-{[Ethyl(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amino]methyl}benzene-1,2-diol —— C15H18N2O2
    4-{[Ethyl(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amino]methyl}benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,4a,5,6,7-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyridine-7a-carbonitrile —— C15H16N2O
    2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,4a,5,6,7-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyridine-7a-carbonitrile
    —— ethyl (5E)-2-(4-ethoxyanilino)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate —— C26H27NO6S
    ethyl (5E)-2-(4-ethoxyanilino)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-[(pyridin-3-ylmethylamino)methyl]phenol —— C14H16N2O2
    2-Methoxy-5-[(pyridin-3-ylmethylamino)methyl]phenol
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propanimidamide —— C9H12N2O
    3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propanimidamide
    —— (Amino(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)phosphonic acid —— C8H12NO5P
    (Amino(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)phosphonic acid
    —— methyl (4E)-4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C15H15NO5
    methyl (4E)-4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— (2S)-3-benzyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H14N2O4S
    (2S)-3-benzyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2R)-3-benzyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H14N2O4S
    (2R)-3-benzyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-[(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C11H8BrNO2S2
    5-[(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-bromo-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1H-indol-2-one —— C16H12BrNO3
    5-bromo-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1H-indol-2-one
    —— diethyl 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-methylidene-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate —— C19H23NO5
    diethyl 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-methylidene-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
    —— 1-[4-[(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5-(2-oxopropyl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]propan-2-one —— C16H18N4O4
    1-[4-[(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-5-(2-oxopropyl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]propan-2-one
    —— 5-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-ethylanilino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H19ClN2O3S
    5-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(4-ethylanilino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-fluoro-N-[[(2S)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl]methyl]-N-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)benzamide —— C26H34FN3O5
    2-fluoro-N-[[(2S)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl]methyl]-N-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)benzamide
    —— 2-fluoro-N-[[(2R)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl]methyl]-N-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)benzamide —— C26H34FN3O5
    2-fluoro-N-[[(2R)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl]methyl]-N-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)benzamide
    —— [4-[[(2R)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl]methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methanone —— C27H37N3O7
    [4-[[(2R)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl]methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methanone
    —— 2-methoxyethyl 2-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylidene]-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C27H28N2O6S
    2-methoxyethyl 2-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylidene]-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— [4-[[(2R)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl]methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-(2-methoxyphenyl)methanone —— C25H33N3O5
    [4-[[(2R)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl]methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-(2-methoxyphenyl)methanone
    —— 2-[(5Z)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-methylphenyl)acetamide —— C20H17BrN2O5S
    2-[(5Z)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-methylphenyl)acetamide
    —— N-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]dodecanamide —— C20H32N2O3
    N-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]dodecanamide
    —— 2-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-4-methylphenol —— C16H15ClN2O
    2-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-chloro-6-(N-hydroxy-C-pentylcarbonimidoyl)phenol —— C12H16ClNO2
    2-chloro-6-(N-hydroxy-C-pentylcarbonimidoyl)phenol
    —— 2-[(benzylamino)methyl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C15H17NO2
    2-[(benzylamino)methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— (2S)-N-[6-[4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]pyridin-3-yl]-2-phenylbutanamide —— C28H34N4O3
    (2S)-N-[6-[4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]pyridin-3-yl]-2-phenylbutanamide
    —— 2-Methoxy-6-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl]phenol —— C25H26N2O4
    2-Methoxy-6-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl]phenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-6-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-ium-4-yl]phenol —— C25H27N2O4+
    2-Methoxy-6-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-ium-4-yl]phenol
    —— (2R)-N-[6-[4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]pyridin-3-yl]-2-phenylbutanamide —— C28H34N4O3
    (2R)-N-[6-[4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]pyridin-3-yl]-2-phenylbutanamide
    —— 2-[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-ium-4-yl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C24H24ClN2O3+
    2-[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-ium-4-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C24H23ClN2O3
    2-[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— N-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-2-[[4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxamide —— C21H30N4O4
    N-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-2-[[4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxamide
    —— N-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-2-[[4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxamide —— C21H30N4O4
    N-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-2-[[4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxamide
    —— 2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-propionamide —— C9H5F5N2O4
    2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-propionamide
    —— 2-[[[(1S,2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylcyclohexyl]amino]methyl]-4-methoxyphenol —— C16H25NO2
    2-[[[(1S,2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylcyclohexyl]amino]methyl]-4-methoxyphenol