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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[(1R)-2-amino-1-morpholin-4-ylethyl]phenol —— C12H18N2O2
    2-[(1R)-2-amino-1-morpholin-4-ylethyl]phenol
    —— (5Z)-2-[(2S,6R)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C16H18N2O3S
    (5Z)-2-[(2S,6R)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-piperazin-1-ylethyl]phenol —— C12H18N2O
    2-[(1R)-1-piperazin-1-ylethyl]phenol
    —— 3-[(1S)-1-piperazin-1-ylethyl]phenol —— C12H18N2O
    3-[(1S)-1-piperazin-1-ylethyl]phenol
    —— [amino(sulfoniumylidene)methyl]-[(Z)-(3-methoxy-2-oxoniophenyl)methylideneamino]azanide;cobalt(2+);pyridine;hydroxide —— C14H18CoN4O3S+2
    [amino(sulfoniumylidene)methyl]-[(Z)-(3-methoxy-2-oxoniophenyl)methylideneamino]azanide;cobalt(2+);pyridine;hydroxide
    —— 6-[(Z)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-1,3-dimethyl-5-nitropyrimidine-2,4-dione —— C15H15N3O6
    6-[(Z)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-1,3-dimethyl-5-nitropyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-[N-(2-chloroanilino)-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]-5-methoxyphenol —— C15H15ClN2O2
    2-[N-(2-chloroanilino)-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]-5-methoxyphenol
    —— N-[(5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide —— C20H17N3O6S2
    N-[(5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide
    —— 2-[[(1-benzyl-2-methyl-3H-benzimidazol-1-ium-5-yl)amino]methyl]-4-nitrophenol —— C22H21N4O3+
    2-[[(1-benzyl-2-methyl-3H-benzimidazol-1-ium-5-yl)amino]methyl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— 5-cyano-6-ethoxycarbonylmethylthio-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-2-one —— C17H18N2O5S
    5-cyano-6-ethoxycarbonylmethylthio-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-2-one
    —— Cyclopropylmethyl-[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]-propylazanium —— C17H28NO+
    Cyclopropylmethyl-[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]-propylazanium
    —— 4-[3-[Cyclopropylmethyl(propyl)amino]butyl]phenol —— C17H27NO
    4-[3-[Cyclopropylmethyl(propyl)amino]butyl]phenol
    —— 5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C19H16INO5S
    5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 4-[(2Z)-2-[(E)-butylidenehydrazinylidene]-3-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]phenol —— C19H19N3OS
    4-[(2Z)-2-[(E)-butylidenehydrazinylidene]-3-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]phenol
    —— (5Z)-5-benzylidene-3-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-phenylimidazol-4-one —— C22H15N3O4
    (5Z)-5-benzylidene-3-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-phenylimidazol-4-one
    —— 6-[(Z)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-nitro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione —— C13H11N3O6
    6-[(Z)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-nitro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— (5E)-3-benzyl-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H14ClNO3S2
    (5E)-3-benzyl-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-2-anilino-5-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C16H10BrN3O4S
    (5Z)-2-anilino-5-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H12N2O5S2
    (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (NE)-N-[5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide —— C16H10N4O8S2
    (NE)-N-[5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide
    —— (2E,5E)-5-benzylidene-2-[(E)-benzylidenehydrazinylidene]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C23H17N3O2S
    (2E,5E)-5-benzylidene-2-[(E)-benzylidenehydrazinylidene]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 6-[(Z)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-nitro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione —— C14H13N3O7
    6-[(Z)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-nitro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— [(Z)-but-2-enyl] (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C17H20N2O5
    [(Z)-but-2-enyl] (4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H12N2O5S2
    (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— [(Z)-but-2-enyl] (4R)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C17H19ClN2O5
    [(Z)-but-2-enyl] (4R)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— (Z)-3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]-2-cyano-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-enamide —— C20H12ClN3O5
    (Z)-3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]-2-cyano-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-enamide
    —— [(Z)-but-2-enyl] (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C17H20N2O5
    [(Z)-but-2-enyl] (4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— 1-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-[(dipropylamino)methyl]-N-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]triazole-4-carboxamide —— C19H25N9O3
    1-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-[(dipropylamino)methyl]-N-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]triazole-4-carboxamide
    —— [(Z)-but-2-enyl] (4S)-4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C17H19BrN2O5
    [(Z)-but-2-enyl] (4S)-4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— [3-(4-Amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-[[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]carbamoyl]triazol-4-yl]methyl-dipropylazanium —— C19H26N9O3+
    [3-(4-Amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-[[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]carbamoyl]triazol-4-yl]methyl-dipropylazanium
    —— [(Z)-but-2-enyl] (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C17H19ClN2O5
    [(Z)-but-2-enyl] (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— 11-[(5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]undecanoic acid —— C22H29NO5S2
    11-[(5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]undecanoic acid
    —— (2E)-2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one —— C16H8BrN3O4S
    (2E)-2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one
    —— (1R,6S)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-7-carboxamide —— C15H18N2O2
    (1R,6S)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-7-carboxamide
    —— 6-tert-butyl-N-[(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-3-carboxamide —— C20H21N3O6
    6-tert-butyl-N-[(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-3-carboxamide
    —— N-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylideneamino]-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide —— C16H16N4O4
    N-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylideneamino]-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide
    —— 2-[(2-Hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]-6-methylcyclohexan-1-one —— C15H19NO2
    2-[(2-Hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]-6-methylcyclohexan-1-one
    —— Ethyl 4-hydroxy-6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)hexahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C14H15F3N2O4S
    Ethyl 4-hydroxy-6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)hexahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzoic (2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazide 92061-40-0 C14H10N4O7
    2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzoic (2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazide
    —— (2R)-3-(benzimidazol-1-yl)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-methylpropanamide —— C19H20N4O3
    (2R)-3-(benzimidazol-1-yl)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-methylpropanamide
    —— 5-[(2-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C18H12BrClFNO4S
    5-[(2-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 4-Hydroxyimino-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)butanoic acid —— C11H13NO4
    4-Hydroxyimino-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)butanoic acid
    —— 4-({4-[(4-Bromophenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-YL}methyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol —— C20H25BrN2O3
    4-({4-[(4-Bromophenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-YL}methyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 2-cyano-N-(4-ethylphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanamide —— C19H20N2O3
    2-cyano-N-(4-ethylphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— 4-chloro-2-(5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenol —— C15H13ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-(5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenol
    —— (4E)-1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C20H20N2O5
    (4E)-1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— N-[1-(1-adamantyl)ethylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide —— C19H24N2O4
    N-[1-(1-adamantyl)ethylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
    —— (2E,5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-(nitromethylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C12H10N2O4S
    (2E,5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-(nitromethylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-[2-(Azepan-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C20H24N2O6S
    3-[2-(Azepan-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6-diphenyl-7H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a][1,3,5]triazine-5-thione —— C22H16N4OS2
    7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6-diphenyl-7H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a][1,3,5]triazine-5-thione