alpha-紫罗酮是一种无色或黄色的液体,具有雪松样香味。它能够溶于乙醇、苯、氯仿和乙醚,但极微溶于水。其沸点为237℃,闪点为117℃,密度0.931,折光率为1.4980,比旋光度[α]23D+347°,最大吸收波长228.5nm,ε值为14300。此外,其闪点为104℃,低毒,大鼠经口半数致死量为4590mg/kg,具有一定的刺激性。
应用根据GB 2760—96的规定,alpha-紫罗酮是一种暂时允许使用的食用香料。它主要被用于调配龙眼、树莓、黑莓、樱桃和柑橘等类型的香精。
鉴别试验该物质不溶于水和甘油,但可溶于丙二醇、大部分非挥发性油和矿物油。此外,其溶解性还可以通过OT-42方法进行检测。
含量分析可以采用两种方法进行含量分析:一是按照GT-10-4气相色谱法中使用非极性柱的方法;二是参照醛和酮测定法(OT-7)中的第一种方法,取样量为1.3g,并在计算时选取当量因子(e)值为96.15。
毒性其ADI值为0~0.1(FAO/WHO,1994),大鼠经口半数致死量为4590mg/kg。
使用限量根据FEMA的规定,它在不同食品中的使用限量分别为:软饮料2.5 mg/kg;冷饮3.6 mg/kg;糖果12 mg/kg;焙烤食品6.7 mg/kg;布丁类3.6 mg/kg;胶姆糖39 mg/kg;糖霜50 mg/kg。美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)的限制为适度使用。
化学性质alpha-紫罗酮是一种无色至微黄色液体,具有暖木香和较强的紫罗兰花香。在稀释后会呈现出鸢尾根的香气,并与乙醇混合后,则呈现出紫罗兰香气。其香味比p-紫罗兰酮更佳。沸点为237℃,闪点为115℃。它不溶于水和甘油,但能溶于乙醇、丙二醇、大多数非挥发性油和矿物油。天然品存在于金合欢油、桂花浸膏等中。
用途GB 2760—96规定其作为暂时允许使用的食用香料,主要应用于调配龙眼、树莓、黑莓、樱桃和柑橘型香精。
此外,它还被用于调配日化产品和皂用香精。
生产方法alpha-紫罗酮由柠檬醛(山苍子油中含70%左右)与丙酮在氢氧化钠参与下缩合成假紫罗兰酮,然后在甘油液中使用稀硫酸加热进行环化处理,从而得到含有10%-20%的紫罗兰酮和80%-90%β-紫罗兰酮的混合物(此混合物称为100%紫罗兰酮),最后通过分馏过程获得。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | 4c-(2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-enyl)-but-3-en-2-one | 52340-45-1 | C13H20O | 192.301 |
Alpha-紫罗兰醇 | alpha-ionol | 25312-34-9 | C13H22O | 194.317 |
alpha-胡萝卜素 | (6'R)-β,ε-carotene | 7488-99-5 | C40H56 | 536.885 |
alpha-环柠檬醛 | α-cyclocitral | 432-24-6 | C10H16O | 152.236 |
beta-紫罗酮 | (E)-β-ionone | 79-77-6 | C13H20O | 192.301 |
2,6,6-三甲基环己-2-烯-1-甲醇 | (+/-)-α-cyclogeraniol | 6627-74-3 | C10H18O | 154.252 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
[R-(E)]-4-(2,6,6-三甲基-2-环己烯-1-基)-3-丁烯-2-酮 | (R)-α-ionone | 24190-29-2 | C13H20O | 192.301 |
[S-(E)]-4-(2,6,6-三甲基-2-环己烯-1-基)-3-丁烯-2-酮 | α-ionone | 14398-36-8 | C13H20O | 192.301 |
—— | 4c-(2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-enyl)-but-3-en-2-one | 52340-45-1 | C13H20O | 192.301 |
—— | 4-(2,5,6,6-tetramethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one | 1335-94-0 | C14H22O | 206.328 |
—— | 3-(2',6',6'-trimethylcyclohex-2'-en-1'-yl)prop-2-enal | 51768-83-3 | C12H18O | 178.274 |
—— | Allyl alpha-ionone | 95470-33-0 | C16H24O | 232.366 |
—— | (Z)-7-methyl-α-ionone | 93175-79-2 | C14H22O | 206.328 |
—— | (E)-7-methyl-α-ionone | 93175-78-1 | C14H22O | 206.328 |
—— | (1E,4E)-1-hydroxy-5-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one | 230630-57-6 | C14H20O2 | 220.312 |
—— | (E)-6-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enyl)hex-5-ene-2,4-dione | 95470-29-4 | C15H22O2 | 234.338 |
2-甲基-4-(2,6,6-三甲基-2-环己烯-1-基)-3-丁醛 | 3-Butenal, 2-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)- | 58102-02-6 | C14H22O | 206.32 |
—— | 3-(1-Butenyl)-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohexene | 74408-55-2 | C13H22 | 178.318 |
—— | (1E,4E)-1-(dimethylamino)-5-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one | 883971-29-7 | C16H25NO | 247.381 |
—— | <2H3>-α-ionone | 54815-27-9 | C13H20O | 195.277 |
—— | (+)-(R)-3-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-(E)-propensaeure | 52612-54-1 | C12H18O2 | 194.274 |
—— | (S,E)-3-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)acrylic acid | 52612-38-1 | C12H18O2 | 194.274 |
—— | 3-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-propenoic acid | 37384-69-3 | C12H18O2 | 194.274 |
3-氧代-a-紫罗兰酮 | 3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(E)-3-oxo-1-butenyl]-2-cyclohexen-1-one | 79734-43-3 | C13H18O2 | 206.285 |
—— | 1,5,5-trimethyl-6-[3-methyl-1,3-butadienyl]-1-cyclohexene | 56763-66-7 | C14H22 | 190.329 |
—— | α-Jonyliden-acetaldehyd | 26918-27-4 | C15H22O | 218.339 |
—— | 3-methyl-5-(2',6',6'-trimethylcyclohex-2'-en-1'-yl)penta-2,4-dien-1-al | 26563-02-0 | C15H22O | 218.339 |
—— | (E)-3-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enyl)prop-2-en-1-ol | 51768-75-3 | C12H20O | 180.29 |
—— | (7E)-1-(but-3-en-1-yn-4-yl)-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene | 83768-63-2 | C13H18 | 174.286 |
—— | methyl 5-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enyl)-3-keto-4-pentenoate | 860021-26-7 | C15H22O3 | 250.338 |
Alpha-紫罗兰醇 | alpha-ionol | 25312-34-9 | C13H22O | 194.317 |
—— | (S,3E)-4-[(S)-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enyl]but-3-en-2-ol | 221046-97-5 | C13H22O | 194.317 |
—— | (2E,4E)-3-methyl-5-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)penta-2,4-dienenitrile | 58260-81-4 | C15H21N | 215.338 |
—— | (2E,4E,8E)-7-methylidene-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,8-trien-1-ol | 379669-35-9 | C19H28O | 272.431 |
—— | 3-hydroxy-α-ionone | —— | C13H20O2 | 208.301 |
4-(4-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基环己-2-烯-1-基)丁-3-烯-2-酮 | 3-hydroxy-alpha-ionene | 38963-41-6 | C13H20O2 | 208.301 |
—— | (E)-2-Methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-enyl)-but-3-en-2-ol | 56763-65-6 | C14H24O | 208.344 |
—— | (E)-2-Methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-enyl)-but-3-en-2-ol | 60934-85-2 | C14H24O | 208.344 |
—— | (E)-N,N-dimethyl-3-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-amine | 51768-77-5 | C14H25N | 207.359 |
—— | 3-oxo-α-ionol | 896107-70-3 | C13H20O2 | 208.301 |
—— | 12'-Apo-ε-carotin-12'-al | 62948-59-8 | C25H34O | 350.544 |
—— | (2Z,4E)-α-ionylideneacetic acid | 25843-34-9 | C15H22O2 | 234.338 |
—— | (2E,4E)-α-ionylideneacetic acid | 26495-77-2 | C15H22O2 | 234.338 |
—— | (rac)-3-keto-α-ionylideneacetonitrile | 249306-13-6 | C15H19NO | 229.322 |
—— | (2E)-2-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)but-2-enal | 68555-62-4 | C14H22O | 206.328 |
(E)-2-甲基-4-(2,6,6-三甲基-1-环己-2-烯基)丁-2-烯醛 | 2-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-enyl)-crotonaldehyde | 68555-62-4 | C14H22O | 206.328 |
—— | α-Jonyl-methylether | 70171-90-3 | C14H24O | 208.344 |
—— | methyl (2E,4E,8E)-7-methylidene-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,8-trienoate | 379669-34-8 | C20H28O2 | 300.441 |
—— | 18-3-chloro-5-(2',6',6'-trimethylcyclohex-2'-en-1'-yl)penta-2,4-dienal | 308384-90-9 | C14H19ClO | 238.757 |
—— | 3-bromo-5-(2',6',6'-trimethylcyclohex-2'-en-1'-yl)penta-2,4-dienal | 1027267-62-4 | C14H19BrO | 283.208 |
—— | butyl (2E)-3-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-propenoate | 51768-74-2 | C16H26O2 | 250.381 |
—— | (2E,4E,6Z,8E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-enyl)-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol | 111957-66-5 | C20H30O | 286.458 |
—— | 4-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,4-pentadien-1-yl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-on | —— | C15H22O2 | 234.338 |
—— | methyl 3-methyl-5-(2',6',6'-trimethyl-2'-cyclohexen-1'-yl)-2(Z),4(E)-pentadienoate | 14398-51-7 | C16H24O2 | 248.365 |
—— | (+/-)-1'-deoxyabscisic acid | 58692-07-2 | C15H20O3 | 248.322 |
—— | Ethinyl-α-ionol | 26533-79-9 | C15H22O | 218.339 |
—— | optically inactive (Ξ)-3-methyl-1t-((Ξ)-2,2,6-trimethyl-cyclohexen-(5)-yl)-hexadien-(1,5)-ol-(3) | 21573-84-2 | C16H26O | 234.382 |
—— | ethyl 5-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenyl)3-methyl-2,4-pentadienoate | 39863-86-0 | C17H26O2 | 262.392 |
—— | (2E)-1-methyl-3-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-propenyl acetate | 783324-41-4 | C15H24O2 | 236.354 |
—— | (RS)-(E)-2-methyl-4-(2',6',6'-trimethyl-2'-cyclohexenyl)-1,2-epoxy-3-butene | 58102-12-8 | C14H22O | 206.328 |
—— | desoxyvomifoliol | 783324-42-5 | C15H22O3 | 250.338 |
—— | 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2',6',6'-trimethyl-cyclohex-2'-en-1'-yl)-penta-1,4-dien-3-one | 905965-29-9 | C20H23ClO | 314.855 |
—— | ethyl (2Z,4E)-3-keto-α-ionylideneacetate | 52340-79-1 | C17H24O3 | 276.376 |
—— | 3-hydroxy-α-ionol | 309757-87-7 | C13H22O2 | 210.316 |
—— | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(2',6',6'-trimethyl-cyclohex-2'-en-1'-yl)-penta-1,4-dien-3-one | 905965-30-2 | C20H23FO | 298.4 |
3,5,5-三甲基-4-(3-氧代丁基)环己-2-烯-1-酮 | 3-oxodihydro-α-ionone | 74233-41-3 | C13H20O2 | 208.301 |
7,8-二氢紫罗兰酮 | 7,8-dihydro-α-ionone | 31499-72-6 | C13H22O | 194.317 |
—— | 5-(2',6',6'-trimethyl-2'-cyclohexen-1'-yl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one | 141885-11-2 | C15H22O | 218.339 |
—— | (E)-2-<2'-(2'',6'',6''-trimethyl-2''-cyclohexenyl)vinyl>-1,3-dithiane | 109629-46-1 | C15H24S2 | 268.488 |
—— | (+/-)-3-methyl-5-(2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-enyl)-pent-2ξ-enoic acid | 29460-65-9 | C15H24O2 | 236.354 |
—— | (E)-4-Methyl-6-(2',6',6'-trimethyl-2'-cyclohexenyl)hex-3-en-1-ol | 133858-86-3 | C16H28O | 236.398 |
—— | (Z)-4-Methyl-6-(2',6',6'-trimethyl-2'-cyclohexenyl)hex-3-en-1-ol | 133858-87-4 | C16H28O | 236.398 |
—— | 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-pentanone | 56763-64-5 | C14H24O | 208.344 |
—— | (1E,5E)-3,4-Dimethyl-1,6-bis-(2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-enyl)-hexa-1,5-diene-3,4-diol | 59699-72-8 | C26H42O2 | 386.618 |
—— | (2E,4E,6Z,8E)-7-Chloro-3-methyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-enyl)-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenenitrile | —— | C19H24ClN | 301.859 |
—— | 1,1,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalene | 5835-19-8 | C13H18O | 190.285 |
—— | dihydro-α-ionol | 13720-37-1 | C13H24O | 196.333 |
—— | 7,8-dihydro-α-ionol | 347852-13-5 | C13H24O | 196.333 |
—— | (E)-4-(4-oxo-2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,2-ethylenedioxy-3-butene | —— | C15H22O3 | 250.338 |
—— | (E)-1-<(tert-butyl)dimethylsilyl>-3-(2',6',6'-trimethyl-2'-cyclohexenyl)-2-propen-1-one | 109629-48-3 | C18H32OSi | 292.537 |
—— | (E)-4-<2',6',6'-trimethylcyclohex-2'-enyl>but-3-en-2-one ethylene ketal | 14398-37-9 | C15H24O2 | 236.354 |
—— | retro-α-ionone | 56052-61-0 | C13H20O | 192.301 |
—— | Blumenol-C | 60047-19-0 | C13H22O2 | 210.316 |
—— | α-damascone | 24720-09-0 | C13H20O | 192.301 |
—— | (Z)-α-damascone | 23726-94-5 | C13H20O | 192.301 |
—— | (+)-(R)-α-damascone | 28102-28-5 | C13H20O | 192.301 |
—— | (2E)-1-[(S)-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enyl]but-2-en-1-one | 116497-11-1 | C13H20O | 192.301 |
—— | 3-methyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenyl)-2-buten-1-one | 31089-97-1 | C14H22O | 206.328 |
—— | 4-(5-chloro-6-methylene-2,2-dimethylcyclohexyl)-3-buten-2-one | 79385-13-0 | C13H19ClO | 226.746 |
—— | (+-)-3-methyl-5-(2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-enyl)-pent-2ξ-enoic acid ethyl ester | 29460-72-8 | C17H28O2 | 264.408 |
beta-紫罗酮 | (E)-β-ionone | 79-77-6 | C13H20O | 192.301 |
—— | 6-propenoyl-1,5,5-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene | 51768-79-7 | C12H18O | 178.274 |
—— | 3-diethylamino-5-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4-pentadienal | —— | C18H29NO | 275.434 |
—— | 1-(4-nitro-phenyl)-5-(2',6',6'-trimethyl-cyclohex-2'-en-1'-yl)-penta-1,4-dien-3-one | 905965-32-4 | C20H23NO3 | 325.408 |
—— | (2E,4E)-ethyl 2-fluoro-3-methyl-5-(4'-oxo-2',6',6'-trimethyl-2'-cyclohexen-1'-yl)-2,4-pentadienoate | 219972-53-9 | C17H23FO3 | 294.366 |
—— | 1-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-5-(2',6',6'-trimethyl-cyclohex-2'-en-1'-yl)-penta-1,4-dien-3-one | 905965-31-3 | C27H30O2 | 386.534 |