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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Cephalexin 15686-71-2 C16H17N3O4S
    Cephalexin
    —— (6<i>R</i>)-7<i>t</i>-((<i>R</i>)-2-amino-2-phenyl-acetylamino)-3-methyl-8-oxo-(6<i>r</i><i>H</i>)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 15686-71-2 C16H17N3O4S
    (6<i>R</i>)-7<i>t</i>-((<i>R</i>)-2-amino-2-phenyl-acetylamino)-3-methyl-8-oxo-(6<i>r</i><i>H</i>)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— oleuropeoside 32619-42-4 C25H32O13
    oleuropeoside
    —— cortisone acetate 50-04-4 C23H30O6
    cortisone acetate
    —— Acetic acid 2-((10R,13S,17R)-17-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3,11-dioxo-2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl ester 50-04-4 C23H30O6
    Acetic acid 2-((10R,13S,17R)-17-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3,11-dioxo-2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl ester
    —— Oleuropein 32619-42-4 C25H32O13
    Oleuropein
    —— Ergometrinum maleicum 129-51-1 C4H4O4*C19H23N3O2
    Ergometrinum maleicum
    —— cephaloridin 50-59-9 C19H17N3O4S2
    cephaloridin
    —— Megestrol acetate 595-33-5 C24H32O4
    Megestrol acetate
    —— Megoestrol-acetat 595-33-5 C24H32O4
    Megoestrol-acetat
    —— Metergoline 17692-51-2 C25H29N3O2
    Metergoline
    —— (dl)-9-keto-11α,15α-dihydroxy-16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranorprosta-4,5,13-trans-trienoic acid methyl ester 73121-56-9 C23H28O6
    (dl)-9-keto-11α,15α-dihydroxy-16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranorprosta-4,5,13-trans-trienoic acid methyl ester
    —— (-)-α-isosparteine; dihydrogen sulfate 299-39-8 C15H26N2*2H2O4S
    (-)-α-isosparteine; dihydrogen sulfate
    —— (+)-α-isosparteine; hydrogen sulfate 299-39-8 C15H26N2*2H2O4S
    (+)-α-isosparteine; hydrogen sulfate
    —— 11,17-dimethoxy-18-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzoyloxy)-yohimbane-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester 50-55-5 C33H40N2O9
    11,17-dimethoxy-18-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzoyloxy)-yohimbane-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— reserpine 50-55-5 C33H40N2O9
    reserpine
    —— Bristopen 1173-88-2 C19H18N3O5S*Na
    Bristopen
    —— Flucloxacillin sodium 1847-24-1 C19H16ClFN3O5S*Na
    Flucloxacillin sodium
    —— penicillin V potassium 132-98-9 C16H17N2O5S*K
    penicillin V potassium
    —— indocyanine green 3599-32-4 C43H47N2O6S2*Na
    indocyanine green
    —— 6β-aminopenicillanic acid 551-16-6 C8H12N2O3S
    6β-aminopenicillanic acid
    —— gibberellic acid 77-06-5 C19H22O6
    gibberellic acid
    —— Gibberellinsaeure 77-06-5 C19H22O6
    Gibberellinsaeure
    —— 6-aminopenicillanic acid 551-16-6 C8H12N2O3S
    6-aminopenicillanic acid
    —— <i>rac</i>-6β-amino-penicillanic acid 551-16-6 C8H12N2O3S
    <i>rac</i>-6β-amino-penicillanic acid
    —— amoxycillin trihydrate 61336-70-7 C16H19N3O5S*3H2O
    amoxycillin trihydrate
    —— Levocabastine hydrochloride 79516-67-9 C26H29FN2O2*ClH
    Levocabastine hydrochloride
    —— strychnine nitrate 66-32-0 C21H22N2O2*HNO3
    strychnine nitrate
    —— (7R,17R)-17-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-7,13-dimethyl-1,2,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 5630-53-5 C21H28O2
    (7R,17R)-17-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-7,13-dimethyl-1,2,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
    —— antipain 37691-11-5 C27H44N10O6
    antipain
    —— (7α,17α)-17-hydroxy-7-methyl-19-norpregn-5(10)-en-20-yn-3-one 5630-53-5 C21H28O2
    (7α,17α)-17-hydroxy-7-methyl-19-norpregn-5(10)-en-20-yn-3-one
    —— congo red 573-58-0 C32H22N6O6S2*2Na
    congo red
    —— 17-tetratriacontene 57-09-0 C34H68
    17-tetratriacontene
    —— fluphenazine dihydrochloride 146-56-5 C22H26F3N3OS*2ClH
    fluphenazine dihydrochloride
    —— n-heptadecyltrimethylammonium bromide 57-09-0 Br*C20H44N
    n-heptadecyltrimethylammonium bromide
    —— Pyroglutamylhistidylprolinamid (TRF) 24305-27-9 C16H22N6O4
    Pyroglutamylhistidylprolinamid (TRF)
    —— L-pGlu-L-His-L-Pro-NH2 24305-27-9 C16H22N6O4
    L-pGlu-L-His-L-Pro-NH2
    —— estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16β,17α-triol 50-27-1 C18H24O3
    estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16β,17α-triol
    —— estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17β-triol 50-27-1 C18H24O3
    estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17β-triol
    —— estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16β,17β-triol 50-27-1 C18H24O3
    estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16β,17β-triol
    —— estriol 50-27-1 C18H24O3
    estriol
    —— estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17α-triol 50-27-1 C18H24O3
    estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17α-triol
    —— 1',4-didehydro-1-desoxi-1,4-di-hydro-5'-(2-methyl-propyl)-1-oxo-rifamycin 72559-06-9 C46H62N4O11
    1',4-didehydro-1-desoxi-1,4-di-hydro-5'-(2-methyl-propyl)-1-oxo-rifamycin
    —— riboflavin-5’-phosphate sodium salt 130-40-5 C17H20N4O9P*Na
    riboflavin-5’-phosphate sodium salt
    —— AP-22594 53123-88-9 C51H79NO13
    AP-22594
    —— 17α,21-Dihydroxy-16β-methyl-1,4-pregnadien-3,11,20-trion 1247-42-3 C22H28O5
    17α,21-Dihydroxy-16β-methyl-1,4-pregnadien-3,11,20-trion
    —— rapamycin 53123-88-9 C51H79NO13
    rapamycin
    —— (-)-<3-<1'-(Dimethylamino)ethyl>phenyl>-N-ethyl-N-methylcarbamat-(+)-L-tartrat 129101-54-8 C4H6O6*C14H22N2O2
    (-)-<3-<1'-(Dimethylamino)ethyl>phenyl>-N-ethyl-N-methylcarbamat-(+)-L-tartrat
    —— 7β-<2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-(z)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido>-3-<(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thiomethyl>ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid (cefmenoxime) hemihydrochloride 75738-58-8 2C16H17N9O5S3*ClH
    7β-<2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-(z)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido>-3-<(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thiomethyl>ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid (cefmenoxime) hemihydrochloride
    —— 17-methoxy-18-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzoyloxy)-yohimbane-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester 131-01-1 C32H38N2O8
    17-methoxy-18-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzoyloxy)-yohimbane-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester