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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— sodium;(2R)-2-[(2R,5S,6R)-6-[(2S,3S,4S,6R)-6-[(3S,5S,7R,9S,10S,12R,15R)-3-[(2R,5R,6S)-5-ethyl-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]-15-hydroxy-3,10,12-trimethyl-4,6,8-trioxadispiro[4.1.57.35]pentadec-13-en-9-yl]-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-oxooctan-2-yl]-5-methyloxan-2-yl]butanoic acid 55721-31-8 C42H70NaO11+
    sodium;(2R)-2-[(2R,5S,6R)-6-[(2S,3S,4S,6R)-6-[(3S,5S,7R,9S,10S,12R,15R)-3-[(2R,5R,6S)-5-ethyl-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]-15-hydroxy-3,10,12-trimethyl-4,6,8-trioxadispiro[4.1.57.35]pentadec-13-en-9-yl]-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-oxooctan-2-yl]-5-methyloxan-2-yl]butanoic acid
    —— Acetic acid (3Z,9E)-16-benzyl-5,12-dihydroxy-5,7,14-trimethyl-13-methylene-18-oxo-17-aza-tricyclo[9.7.0.0<sup>1,15</sup>]octadeca-3,9-dien-2-yl ester 53760-19-3 C30H39NO5
    Acetic acid (3Z,9E)-16-benzyl-5,12-dihydroxy-5,7,14-trimethyl-13-methylene-18-oxo-17-aza-tricyclo[9.7.0.0<sup>1,15</sup>]octadeca-3,9-dien-2-yl ester
    —— 16-(3-chlorophenoxy)-17,18,19,20-tetranorprostaglandin F2 alpha 40665-92-7 C22H29ClO6
    16-(3-chlorophenoxy)-17,18,19,20-tetranorprostaglandin F2 alpha
    —— 7-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(Z)-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[[(2,5-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)thio]methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid 73384-59-5 C18H18N8O7S3
    7-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(Z)-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[[(2,5-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)thio]methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid
    —— lasalocid sodium 25999-20-6 C34H53O8*Na
    lasalocid sodium
    —— lasalocid acid 25999-20-6 C34H56O6
    lasalocid acid
    —— 2-[(1S,2S,3R,5S,6R)-3-(diaminomethylideneamino)-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5S)-3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylamino)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-formyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]oxy-2,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexyl]guanidine;sulfuric acid 3810-74-0 C42H84N14O36S3
    2-[(1S,2S,3R,5S,6R)-3-(diaminomethylideneamino)-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5S)-3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylamino)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-formyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]oxy-2,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexyl]guanidine;sulfuric acid
    —— (8E,14E,16E,18E,20E)-22-[(3-amino-3,6-dideoxyhexopyranosyl)oxy]-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.0~5,7~]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid 7681-93-8 C33H47O13N
    (8E,14E,16E,18E,20E)-22-[(3-amino-3,6-dideoxyhexopyranosyl)oxy]-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.0~5,7~]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid
    —— 7-[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido]-3-{[(furan-2-yl)carbonylsulfanyl]methyl}-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 80370-57-6 C19H17N5O7S3
    7-[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido]-3-{[(furan-2-yl)carbonylsulfanyl]methyl}-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-(6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 84957-29-9 C22H22N6O5S2
    7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-(6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— 5-[3-acetamido-5-[3-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(2-hydroxy-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)carbamoyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-carbamoyloxy-6-[[2-carboxy-2-[(2E,6E,13E)-3,8,8,14,18-pentamethyl-11-methylidenenonadeca-2,6,13,17-tetraenoxy]ethoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-3-hydroxy-3-methyloxane-2-carboxylic acid 11015-37-5 C69H107N4O35P
    5-[3-acetamido-5-[3-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(2-hydroxy-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)carbamoyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-carbamoyloxy-6-[[2-carboxy-2-[(2E,6E,13E)-3,8,8,14,18-pentamethyl-11-methylidenenonadeca-2,6,13,17-tetraenoxy]ethoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-3-hydroxy-3-methyloxane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— leurocristine 57-22-7 C46H56N4O10
    leurocristine
    —— Mitramycin 18378-89-7 C52H76O24
    Mitramycin
    —— Sodium azotomycin 7644-67-9 C17H25N7O8+2
    Sodium azotomycin
    —— Brefeldin A 20350-15-6 C16H24O4
    Brefeldin A
    —— epoprostenol sodium 61849-14-7 C20H31O5*Na
    epoprostenol sodium
    —— salinomyicn 55721-31-8 C42H69O11*Na
    salinomyicn
    —— (3E)-3-[(2Z)-2-[1-[(E)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol 50-14-6 C28H44O
    (3E)-3-[(2Z)-2-[1-[(E)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol
    —— [(11E,13Z)-6-[4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-5-propanoyloxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-4-yl] propanoate 35457-80-8 C41H67NO15
    [(11E,13Z)-6-[4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-5-propanoyloxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-4-yl] propanoate
    —— Octreotide 83150-76-9 C49H66N10O10S2
    Octreotide
    —— (S)-[(2R,5S)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-quinolin-4-ylmethanol 485-71-2 C19H22N2O
    (S)-[(2R,5S)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-quinolin-4-ylmethanol
    —— Rovamycin 8025-81-8 C43H74N2O14
    Rovamycin
    —— (3R,4R,6R)-3-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(methylamino)-29-oxa-1,7,17-triazaoctacyclo[12.12.2.12,6.07,28.08,13.015,19.020,27.021,26]nonacosa-8,10,12,14,19,21,23,25,27-nonaen-16-one 62996-74-1 C28H26N4O3
    (3R,4R,6R)-3-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(methylamino)-29-oxa-1,7,17-triazaoctacyclo[12.12.2.12,6.07,28.08,13.015,19.020,27.021,26]nonacosa-8,10,12,14,19,21,23,25,27-nonaen-16-one
    —— [(3R,4R)-6-[(3S,4R)-6-[(3S,4R)-6-[[12,14-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyl-3-[(3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl] acetate 17575-22-3 C49H76O20
    [(3R,4R)-6-[(3S,4R)-6-[(3S,4R)-6-[[12,14-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyl-3-[(3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl] acetate
    —— Cleocin 21462-39-5 C18H34Cl2N2O5S
    Cleocin
    —— (1R,4S,5'S,6R,6'R,8R,10E,13S,14E,16E,20R,21R,24S)-6'-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-21,24-dihydroxy-12-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-5-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5',11,13,22-tetramethylspiro[3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene-6,2'-oxane]-2-one 70288-86-7 C48H74O14
    (1R,4S,5'S,6R,6'R,8R,10E,13S,14E,16E,20R,21R,24S)-6'-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-21,24-dihydroxy-12-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-5-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5',11,13,22-tetramethylspiro[3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene-6,2'-oxane]-2-one
    —— Ribostamycin sulfate salt 53797-35-6 C17H36N4O14S
    Ribostamycin sulfate salt
    —— Phytomycin 3810-74-0 C42H84N14O36S3
    Phytomycin
    —— 5-Amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-[4,6-diamino-2-[(2S,4R,5R)-4-[3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxyoxane-3,4-diol;sulfuric acid 1405-10-3 C23H52N6O25S3
    5-Amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-[4,6-diamino-2-[(2S,4R,5R)-4-[3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxyoxane-3,4-diol;sulfuric acid
    —— [6-[6-[[(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10R,11E,13E,16R)-4-acetyloxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-6-yl]oxy]-4-(dimethylamino)-5-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyloxan-3-yl] 3-methylbutanoate 16846-24-5 C42H69NO15
    [6-[6-[[(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10R,11E,13E,16R)-4-acetyloxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-6-yl]oxy]-4-(dimethylamino)-5-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyloxan-3-yl] 3-methylbutanoate
    —— 1-methyl-1-nitroso-3-[(3S,4S,5S)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]urea 18883-66-4 C8H15N3O7
    1-methyl-1-nitroso-3-[(3S,4S,5S)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]urea
    —— Dectomax 117704-25-3 C50H74O14
    Dectomax
    —— (1R,4S,6R,10E,14E,16E,21R)-6'-butan-2-yl-21,24-dihydroxy-12-[(2R,4S,6S)-5-[(2S,4S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5',11,13,22-tetramethylspiro[3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene-6,2'-oxane]-2-one 70288-86-7 C48H74O14
    (1R,4S,6R,10E,14E,16E,21R)-6'-butan-2-yl-21,24-dihydroxy-12-[(2R,4S,6S)-5-[(2S,4S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5',11,13,22-tetramethylspiro[3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene-6,2'-oxane]-2-one
    —— 6-beta,7-beta-Epoxy-3-alpha-tropanyl S-(-)-tropate 51-34-3 C17H21NO4
    6-beta,7-beta-Epoxy-3-alpha-tropanyl S-(-)-tropate
    —— (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;2-[(4R,5S,7R,9R,11E,13E,16R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,4R,5S,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-16-ethyl-4-hydroxy-15-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-5,9,13-trimethyl-2,10-dioxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde 1405-54-5 C50H83NO23
    (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;2-[(4R,5S,7R,9R,11E,13E,16R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,4R,5S,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-16-ethyl-4-hydroxy-15-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-5,9,13-trimethyl-2,10-dioxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde
    —— filipin 11078-21-0 C35H58O11
    filipin
    —— Flupentixol decanoate 30909-51-4 C33H43F3N2O2S
    Flupentixol decanoate
    —— Cinpropazide 23887-47-0 C21H31N3O5
    Cinpropazide
    —— (2E,5S,6R,7S,9R,10E,12E,15R,16Z,18E)-17-ethyl-6-hydroxy-3,5,7,9,11,15-hexamethyl-19-[(2R,3S)-3-methyl-6-oxo-2,3-dihydropyran-2-yl]-8-oxononadeca-2,10,12,16,18-pentaenoic acid 87081-35-4 C33H48O6
    (2E,5S,6R,7S,9R,10E,12E,15R,16Z,18E)-17-ethyl-6-hydroxy-3,5,7,9,11,15-hexamethyl-19-[(2R,3S)-3-methyl-6-oxo-2,3-dihydropyran-2-yl]-8-oxononadeca-2,10,12,16,18-pentaenoic acid
    —— (1'R,2R,3S,4'S,6S,8'R,10'E,13'S,14'E,16'E,20'R,21'R,24'S)-2-cyclohexyl-21',24'-dihydroxy-12'-[(2R,4S,6S)-5-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,11',13',22'-tetramethylspiro[2,3-dihydropyran-6,6'-3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene]-2'-one 117704-25-3 C50H74O14
    (1'R,2R,3S,4'S,6S,8'R,10'E,13'S,14'E,16'E,20'R,21'R,24'S)-2-cyclohexyl-21',24'-dihydroxy-12'-[(2R,4S,6S)-5-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,11',13',22'-tetramethylspiro[2,3-dihydropyran-6,6'-3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene]-2'-one
    —— Mydecamycin 35457-80-8 C41H67NO15
    Mydecamycin
    —— (3R,5S,6E)-7-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-6-(1-methylethyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-5-pyrimidinyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoic Acid Calcium Salt 147098-20-2 C44H54CaF2N6O12S2
    (3R,5S,6E)-7-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-6-(1-methylethyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-5-pyrimidinyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoic Acid Calcium Salt
    —— (5Z,7E,22E)-(1S,3R,24S)-1,3,24-trihydroxy-24-cyclopropyl-9,10-secochola-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene 112965-21-6 C27H40O3
    (5Z,7E,22E)-(1S,3R,24S)-1,3,24-trihydroxy-24-cyclopropyl-9,10-secochola-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene
    —— Spiramycin A 8025-81-8 C43H74N2O14
    Spiramycin A
    —— Setamycin 88899-56-3 C44H65NO13
    Setamycin
    —— Maytansinol butyrate 66547-09-9 C32H43ClN2O9
    Maytansinol butyrate
    —— zinc(II) fumarate 52723-61-2 C4H2O4*Zn
    zinc(II) fumarate
    —— Rifamycins 13553-79-2 C37H45NO12
    Rifamycins
    —— L-Alanine, N-acetyl-N-methyl-, 11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8,23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl ester, [1S-(1R*,2S*,3R*,5R*,6R*,16E,18E,20S*,21R*)]- 35846-53-8 C34H46ClN3O10
    L-Alanine, N-acetyl-N-methyl-, 11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8,23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl ester, [1S-(1R*,2S*,3R*,5R*,6R*,16E,18E,20S*,21R*)]-
    —— (2E,4E,6E,8E)-10-[[(3S,6S,7R,8R)-7-methoxy-8-[(2R,3R)-2-methyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)oxiran-2-yl]-2-oxaspiro[2.5]octan-6-yl]oxy]-10-oxo-deca-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid 23110-15-8 C26H34O7
    (2E,4E,6E,8E)-10-[[(3S,6S,7R,8R)-7-methoxy-8-[(2R,3R)-2-methyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)oxiran-2-yl]-2-oxaspiro[2.5]octan-6-yl]oxy]-10-oxo-deca-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid