原料药,通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂,才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此,我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。
根据来源不同,原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。
化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物(个别为元素),例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等;而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料,通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物,如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。
天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的,属于生物化学范畴;近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中,有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高,是化学制药工业的主要支柱。
由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量,因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | 2-epi-Ivermectin B1a | 70288-86-7 | C48H74O14 |
|
—— | (1R,4S,5'S,6R,6'S,8R,10E,12S,13S,14E,16E,20R,21R,24S)-6'-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-21,24-dihydroxy-12-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-5-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5',11,13,22-tetramethylspiro[3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene-6,2'-oxane]-2-one | 70288-86-7 | C48H74O14 |
|
—— | ansamitocin P-3' | 66547-09-9 | C32H43ClN2O9 |
|
—— | (1R,2R,9S,13S,17S)-13-oxido-7-aza-13-azoniatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.013,17]heptadecan-6-one | 16837-52-8 | C15H24N2O2 |
|
—— | [(1R,2R,3Z,5R,7S,9Z,11R,12S,14S,15R,16S)-16-benzyl-5,12-dihydroxy-5,7,14-trimethyl-13-methylidene-18-oxo-17-azatricyclo[9.7.0.01,15]octadeca-3,9-dien-2-yl] acetate | 53760-19-3 | C30H39NO5 |
|
—— | [(1S,2S,3S,4S,5R,6S,8S,10R,13S,16S,17S)-11-ethyl-3,8-dihydroxy-4,6,16-trimethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-13-yl] 2-acetamidobenzoate;hydrobromide | 97792-45-5 | C32H45BrN2O8 |
|
—— | Sodium;2-amino-4-[4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxysulfanyloxymethylamino)phenyl]arsanylidenearsanylphenolate | 457-60-3 | C13H13As2N2O4S*Na |
|
—— | Potassium guaiacolsulfonate | 7134-11-4 | C7H9KO6S |
|
—— | (S)-[(4S,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol;(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid | 7054-25-3 | C26H36N2O9 |
|
—— | (S)-(5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl)-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol;sulfuric acid | 50-54-4 | C40H50N4O8S |
|
—— | Pyostacine | 11006-76-1 | C71H84N10O17 |
|
—— | 4-epi-anhydrotetracycline hydrochloride | 4465-65-0 | C22H22N2O7*ClH |
|
—— | Gadopentetic-acid | 80529-93-7 | C14H23GdN3O10 |
|
—— | decanoyl-Trp-D-Asn-Asp-Thr(1)-Gly-D-Orn-Asp-Ala-Asp-Gly-D-Ser-Glu(3S-Me)-Asp(Ph(2-NH2))-(1) | 103060-53-3 | C72H101N17O26 |
|
—— | (3E,5E,7R,8S,9S,11E,13E,15S,16R)-16-[(2S,3R,4S)-4-[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-2,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-6-propan-2-yloxan-2-yl]-3-hydroxypentan-2-yl]-8-hydroxy-3,15-dimethoxy-5,7,9,11-tetramethyl-1-oxacyclohexadeca-3,5,11,13-tetraen-2-one | 88899-55-2 | C35H58O9 |
|
—— | [(4E,6E,8S,9S,10E,12R,13R,14R,16S)-13-hydroxy-8,14,19-trimethoxy-4,10,12,16-tetramethyl-3,20,22-trioxo-2-azabicyclo[16.3.1]docosa-1(21),4,6,10,18-pentaen-9-yl] carbamate | 30562-34-6 | C29H40N2O9 |
|
—— | (2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-5-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[[(1S,4R,5S,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl]amino]oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4-triol | 56180-94-0 | C25H43NO18 |
|
—— | "Saxagliptin (BMS-477118,Onglyza)" | 361442-04-8 | C18H25N3O2 |
|
—— | 2-[(4S,5R,6R,7S,9S,11E,13E,15S,16S)-6-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-5-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-16-ethyl-4-hydroxy-15-[[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-5,9,13-trimethyl-2,10-dioxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde | 1401-69-0 | C46H77NO17 |
|
—— | 2-[(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10S,11E,13E,16R)-6-[5-(4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-[5-(dimethylamino)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde | 8025-81-8 | C43H74N2O14 |
|
—— | (2S,4R)-N-[2-hydroxy-1-[(3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methylsulfanyloxan-2-yl]propyl]-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;hydrochloride | 859-18-7 | C18H35ClN2O6S |
|
—— | (1S,3R,4R,7R,11R,15S,16S,17R,18S,19E,21E,25E,27E,29E,31E,33R,35S,36R,37S)-33-[(2R,3S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,7,9,11,17,37-octahydroxy-15,16,18-trimethyl-13-oxo-14,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-19,21,25,27,29,31-hexaene-36-carboxylic acid | 1400-61-9 | C47H75NO17 |
|
—— | (2S,3R,4S,5S,8S,10S,11S,12R,13R,14S)-11-[(2R,3S,4R,6S)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one | 83905-01-5 | C38H72N2O12 |
|
—— | cobalt(2+);[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2R)-1-[3-[(2R,3S,4Z,7S,9Z,12S,13S,14Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] hydrogen phosphate;cyanide | 68-19-9 | C63H89CoN14O14P |
|
—— | (6R,7R)-7-((Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(2-carboxypropan-2-yloxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-(pyridinium-1-ylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate dihydrochloride | 73547-70-3 | C22H24Cl2N6O7S2 |
|
—— | Daunomycin; RP 13057; Rubidomycin | 23541-50-6 | C27H29NO10.HCl |
|
—— | [5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] 1-[3-[(4Z,9Z,14Z)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl hydrogen phosphate | 68-19-9 | C62H89N13O14P- |
|
—— | (2E,5S,6R,7S,9R,10Z,12E,15R,16E,18E)-17-ethyl-6-hydroxy-3,5,7,9,11,15-hexamethyl-19-[(2S,3S)-3-methyl-6-oxo-2,3-dihydropyran-2-yl]-8-oxononadeca-2,10,12,16,18-pentaenoic acid | 87081-35-4 | C33H48O6 |
|
—— | (6R,7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;hydrochloride | 75738-58-8 | C32H35ClN18O10S6 |
|
—— | [(2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-6-[(1R)-2-chloro-1-[[(2R,4S)-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methylsulfanyloxan-3-yl] dihydrogen phosphate | 24729-96-2 | C18H34ClN2O8PS |
|
—— | Atroscine Hydrobromide | 672-21-9 | C17H21NO4.BrH |
|
—— | Methyl cellulose | 9004-67-5 | C20H38O11 |
|
—— | (+/-)-Chelidonine | 20267-87-2 | C20H21NO6 |
|
—— | [(3R,6S,12S,15R,16R)-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-6-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 11042-64-1 | C40H58O4 |
|
—— | Pharmakon1600-01505902 | 117704-25-3 | C50H74O14 |
|
—— | Pharmakon1600-01503869 | 70797-11-4 | C25H24N8O7S2 |
|
—— | Pharmakon1600-01502328 | 123447-62-1 | C22H22FN3O6 |
|
—— | 2,2-dimethylpropanoyloxymethyl (6S,7S)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate | 117467-28-4 | C25H28N6O7S3 |
|
—— | Dtxcid0028955 | 60325-46-4 | C23H31NO7S |
|
—— | Radicicol, Humicola fuscoatra | 12772-57-5 | C18H17ClO6 |
|
—— | (2R,4S,5S)-Lopinavir | 192725-17-0 | C37H48N4O5 |
|
—— | Ammonium ionophore | 6833-84-7 | C40H64O12 |
|
—— | sodium;(2S)-2-[(3R)-6-[[(2S,4R,5R,6R,7R)-2-[(5S)-5-[(3R)-5-[(3S,5R,6R)-6-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-yl]-3-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-7-methoxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-1,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]methyl]-3-methyloxan-2-yl]propanoate | 28643-80-3 | C40H67NaO11 |
|
—— | vinorelbine L-tartrate | 125317-39-7 | C53H66N4O20 |
|
—— | Argatroban, 21R- | 1379603-43-6 | C23H38N6O6S |
|
—— | (3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(2-hydroxy-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)carbamoyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-carbamoyloxy-6-[[(2S)-2-carboxy-2-[(2E,6E,13E)-3,8,8,14,18-pentamethyl-11-methylidenenonadeca-2,6,13,17-tetraenoxy]ethoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-3-hydroxy-3-methyloxane-2-carboxylic acid | 11015-37-5 | C69H107N4O35P |
|
—— | 2-[(4R,6S,7R,9R,10R,11E,13E,16R)-6-[5-(4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-[5-(dimethylamino)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde | 8025-81-8 | C43H74N2O14 |
|
—— | 8-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyl)-4',7-dihydroxyisoflavone | 3681-99-0 | C21H20O9 |
|
—— | 2-[(1R,2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-(diaminomethylideneamino)-4-[(2R,3R,5S)-3-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylamino)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-formyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]oxy-2,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexyl]guanidine;sulfuric acid | 3810-74-0 | C42H84N14O36S3 |
|
—— | 7-[[2-Amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-prop-1-enyl-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;hydrate | 121123-17-9 | C18H21N3O6S |
|