原料药,通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂,才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此,我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。
根据来源不同,原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。
化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物(个别为元素),例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等;而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料,通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物,如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。
天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的,属于生物化学范畴;近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中,有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高,是化学制药工业的主要支柱。
由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量,因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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5-甲基苯酚-2-磺酸钙 | 2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid | 22356-80-5 | C7H8O4S |
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5-溴砒啶-3-磺酰胺 | 5-bromopyridine-3-sulfonamide | 62009-33-0 | C5H5BrN2O2S |
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5-溴-N-叔丁基-2-甲氧基苯磺酰胺 | 5-Bromo-N-t-butyl-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide | 871269-15-7 | C11H16BrNO3S |
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5-溴-N-丁基-2-甲氧基苯磺酰胺 | 5-bromo-N-butyl-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide | 871269-18-0 | C11H16BrNO3S |
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5-溴-N-(2-羟基乙基)-2-甲氧基苯磺酰胺 | 5-bromo-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxy-benzenesulfonamide | 871269-14-6 | C9H12BrNO4S |
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5-溴-N,N-二乙基砒啶-3-磺酰胺 | 5-bromo-pyridine-3-sulfonic acid diethylamide | 62009-37-4 | C9H13BrN2O2S |
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5-溴-5-硝基-1,3-二恶烷 | bronidox | 30007-47-7 | C4H6BrNO4 |
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5-溴-2-甲氧基苯磺酰胺 | 5-bromo-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide | 23095-14-9 | C7H8BrNO3S |
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5-溴-2-甲氧基-N-甲基苯磺酰胺 | 5-bromo-2-methoxy-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide | 871269-17-9 | C8H10BrNO3S |
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5-溴-2-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基苯磺酰胺 | 5-bromo-2-methoxy-N,N-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide | 871269-16-8 | C9H12BrNO3S |
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5-氯-8-羟基喹啉 | 5-Chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline | 130-16-5 | C9H6ClNO |
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5-氯-2-羟基吡啶 | 5-chloro-2-pyridinol | 4214-79-3 | C5H4ClNO |
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马来酸多潘立酮 | 5-Chloro-1-(1-(3-(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)propyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one maleate | 83898-65-1 | C26H28ClN5O6 |
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5-氨基水杨酸 | 5-Aminosalicylic Acid | 89-57-6 | C7H7NO3 |
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5-氟脱氧尿苷杂质 | 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine 5'-phosphate | 50-91-9 | C9H11FN2O5 |
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5-氟-4-羟基嘧啶 | 5-fluoro-3H-pyrimidin-4-one | 671-35-2 | C4H3FN2O |
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5-氟-2'-脱氧脲核苷 | 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine | 50-91-9 | C9H11FN2O5 |
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5-对甲苯基-1H-四氮唑 | 5-(p-tolyl)-1H-tetrazole | 24994-04-5 | C8H8N4 |
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5-单硝酸异山梨酯 | isosorbide mononitrate | 16051-77-7 | C6H9NO6 |
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5-二乙基磺酰胺基-2-甲基苯硼酸 | N,N-Diethyl 3-borono-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide | 871329-80-5 | C11H18BNO4S |
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5-[3-(羧基甲氧基)苯基]-3-(4,5-二甲基-2-噻唑基)-2-(4-磺基苯基)-2H-四唑鎓内盐 | MTS | 138169-43-4 | C20H17N5O6S2 |
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5-(吗啉-4-基甲基)-3-[(5-硝基呋喃-2-基)亚甲基氨基]-1,3-恶唑烷-2-酮盐酸盐 | 5-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-3-[(E)-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylideneamino]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one hydrochloride | 1839-49-2 | C13H16N4O6*ClH |
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5-(4-(2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-beta-D-吡喃葡萄糖基氧基)-3-甲氧基苯基亚甲基)-2-硫酮噻唑烷-4-酮-3-乙酸酯铵盐 | Vra-glcnac | 125261-87-2 | C21H27N3O10S2 |
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5-(1-羧乙基)-2-(苯硫基)苯乙酸 | 2-(3-carboxymethyl-4-phenylthiophenyl)propionic acid | 83237-49-4 | C17H16O4S |
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5-(1-羟基-2-异丙胺基丁基)-8-羟基-2(1H)-喹诺酮盐酸盐 | 2(1H)-quinolinone, 8-hydroxy-5-((1R,2S)-1-hydroxy-2-((1-methylethyl)amino)butyl)-, hydrochloride, hydrate (2:2:1), rel- | 81262-93-3 | C32H48Cl2N4O7 |
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5,8-双(羧甲基)-2-[2-(甲胺基)-2-氧乙基]-10-氧代-2,5,8,11-四氮杂癸烷-1-羧酸钆一水物 | 2-[Bis[2-[carboxylatomethyl-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl]amino]ethyl]amino]acetate;gadolinium(3+);dihydrate | 122795-43-1 | C16H30GdN5O10 |
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5,7-二羟基-2-(4-羟基苯基)-6,8-二甲基-2,3-二氢苯并吡喃-4-酮 | farrerol | 24211-30-1 | C17H16O5 |
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5,7-二碘-8-羟基喹啉 | 5,7-diiodo-8-hydroxyquinoline | 83-73-8 | C9H5I2NO |
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5,6,7,8-四氢-N-[2-(2H-四唑-5-基)苯基]-1-萘胺 | BL-1249 | 18200-13-0 | C17H17N5 |
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5(6)-羧基荧光素 | 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein | 72088-94-9 | C21H12O7*C21H12O7 |
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5'-碘去氧尿苷 | Herpidu | 54-42-2 | C9H11IN2O5 |
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4-羟基苯乙酰胺 | 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide | 17194-82-0 | C8H9NO2 |
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4-羟基三苯氧胺 | Z-1-<4-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)phenyl>-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-1-butene | 68047-06-3 | C26H29NO2 |
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4-羟基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸 | 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinacetic acid | 77191-37-8 | C6H9NO4 |
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4-磺酰基丁酸 | 3-carboxypropanesulfonamide | 175476-52-5 | C4H9NO4S |
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4-硼苯磺酰胺甲酯 | (4-[N-methylsulfamoyl]phenyl)boronic acid | 226396-31-2 | C7H10BNO4S |
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4-硼苯磺酰胺叔丁酯 | 4-(N-tert-butylsulfamoyl)phenylboronic acid | 208516-15-8 | C10H16BNO4S |
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4-硝基-4’-异硫氰基二苯胺 | 4-(4-nitrophenyl)-aminophenylisothiocyanate | 26328-53-0 | C13H9N3O2S |
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4-甲酰基-N,N-二甲基-1H-咪唑-1-磺酰胺 | 4-formyl-N,N-dimethyl-1H-imidazole-1-sulfonamide | 140174-48-7 | C6H9N3O3S |
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4-甲氧基苯基甲磺酸 | p-methoxyphenyl mesylate | 19013-30-0 | C8H10O4S |
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4-甲氧基-3-(N-吗啉基磺酰)苯基硼酸 | (3-Methoxy-5-(morpholinosulfonyl)phenyl)boronic acid | 871333-02-7 | C11H16BNO6S |
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4-甲氧基-3-(1-哌啶基磺酰基)苯硼酸 | (4-Methoxy-3-(piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl)phenyl)boronic acid | 874219-18-8 | C12H18BNO5S |
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4-甲氧基-3-(1-吡咯烷基磺酰基)苯硼酸 | 4-methoxy-3-(pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)phenylboronic acid | 874219-52-0 | C11H16BNO5S |
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4-环氧氯丙烷强力霉素 | doxycyline | 6543-77-7 | C22H24N2O8 |
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4-环氧丙烷氧基咔唑 | 4-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)carbazole | 51997-51-4 | C15H13NO2 |
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4-溴-n-(4-甲氧基苄基)苯磺胺 | 4-bromo-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)benzenesulfonamide | 329939-43-7 | C14H14BrNO3S |
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4-溴-N-[2-(TBDMSO)乙基]苯磺酰胺 | 4-Bromo-N-[2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]benzenesulphonamide | 850429-52-6 | C14H24BrNO3SSi |
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4-溴-N,N-二甲基苯磺酰胺 | 4-bromo-N,N-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide | 707-60-8 | C8H10BrNO2S |
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4-溴-N,N,3-三甲基苯磺酰胺 | 4-bromo-3-N,N-trimethylbenzenesulphonamide | 849532-31-6 | C9H12BrNO2S |
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4-氯丁基甲基醚 | 4-(methoxy)-1-chlorobutane | 17913-18-7 | C5H11ClO |
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