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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— [(2S,3R,4S)-6-[[(6S,7S)-6-[(4R,5R,6R)-4-[(4S,5S,6S)-4-[(4S,5S,6S)-5-acetyloxy-4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-7-[(1R,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-2-oxopentyl]-4,10-dihydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxo-7,8-dihydro-6H-anthracen-2-yl]oxy]-4-[(4S,5S,6S)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] acetate 7059-24-7 C57H82O26
    [(2S,3R,4S)-6-[[(6S,7S)-6-[(4R,5R,6R)-4-[(4S,5S,6S)-4-[(4S,5S,6S)-5-acetyloxy-4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-7-[(1R,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-2-oxopentyl]-4,10-dihydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxo-7,8-dihydro-6H-anthracen-2-yl]oxy]-4-[(4S,5S,6S)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] acetate
    —— [6-[[(6S,7S)-6-[4-[4-(5-acetyloxy-4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-7-[(1S,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-2-oxopentyl]-4,10-dihydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxo-7,8-dihydro-6H-anthracen-2-yl]oxy]-4-(4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] acetate 74913-06-7 C57H82O26
    [6-[[(6S,7S)-6-[4-[4-(5-acetyloxy-4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-7-[(1S,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-2-oxopentyl]-4,10-dihydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxo-7,8-dihydro-6H-anthracen-2-yl]oxy]-4-(4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] acetate
    —— 19-nor-pregna-1,3,5(10)-trien-20-yne-3,17-diol 57-63-6 C20H24O2
    19-nor-pregna-1,3,5(10)-trien-20-yne-3,17-diol
    —— 17α-ethynyl-estradiol 57-63-6 C20H24O2
    17α-ethynyl-estradiol
    —— 2-amino-1-N-[(3R,6S,7R,10S,16S)-3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-10-propan-2-yl-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-9-N-[(3R,6S,7R,10S,16S)-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide 8052-16-2 C63H88N12O16
    2-amino-1-N-[(3R,6S,7R,10S,16S)-3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-10-propan-2-yl-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-9-N-[(3R,6S,7R,10S,16S)-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide
    —— mitomycin C 50-07-7 C15H18N4O5
    mitomycin C
    —— 4-EPICHLORTETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE 64-72-2 C22H23ClN2O8*ClH
    4-EPICHLORTETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE
    —— 6-amino-8-carbamoyloxymethyl-8a-methoxy-5-methyl-1,1a,2,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-azirino[2',3':3,4]pyrrolo[1,2-<i>a</i>]indole-4,7-dione 50-07-7 C15H18N4O5
    6-amino-8-carbamoyloxymethyl-8a-methoxy-5-methyl-1,1a,2,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-azirino[2',3':3,4]pyrrolo[1,2-<i>a</i>]indole-4,7-dione
    —— epinephrine 55-31-2 C9H13NO3*H
    epinephrine
    —— (2E)-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenamide 193224-22-5 C20H20N2O4
    (2E)-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenamide
    —— norcantharidin 29745-04-8 C8H8O4
    norcantharidin
    —— fusidic acid sodium salt 751-94-0 C31H47O6*Na
    fusidic acid sodium salt
    —— fusidic acid 3482-49-3 C31H48O6
    fusidic acid
    —— fusidic acid 6990-06-3 C31H48O6
    fusidic acid
    —— 11-Epifusidinsaeure 3482-49-3 C31H48O6
    11-Epifusidinsaeure
    —— Fusicsaeure 3482-49-3 C31H48O6
    Fusicsaeure
    —— diclofenac sodium 15307-79-6 C14H10Cl2NO2*Na
    diclofenac sodium
    —— Naprelan 26159-34-2 C14H13O3*Na
    Naprelan
    —— tolmetin sodium 35711-34-3 C15H14NO3*Na
    tolmetin sodium
    —— azlocillin sodium 37091-65-9 C20H22N5O6S*Na
    azlocillin sodium
    —— tilorone dihydrochloride 27591-69-1 C25H34N2O3*2ClH
    tilorone dihydrochloride
    —— 6β-[3-(2-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carbonylamino]-penicillanic acid; sodium salt 642-78-4 C19H17ClN3O5S*Na
    6β-[3-(2-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carbonylamino]-penicillanic acid; sodium salt
    —— cloxacillin sodium 642-78-4 C19H17ClN3O5S*Na
    cloxacillin sodium
    —— itraconazole 84625-61-6 C35H38Cl2N8O4
    itraconazole
    —— Penicillin G sodium 69-57-8 C16H17N2O4S*Na
    Penicillin G sodium
    —— vardenafil hydrochloride 224785-91-5 C23H32N6O4S*ClH
    vardenafil hydrochloride
    —— cozaar 124750-99-8 C22H22ClN6O*K
    cozaar
    —— homatropine methyl bromide 80-49-9 CH3Br*C16H21NO3
    homatropine methyl bromide
    —— homatropine methylbromide 80-49-9 Br*C17H24NO3
    homatropine methylbromide
    —— (+/-)-isoemetine; dihydrochloride 316-42-7 C29H40N2O4*2ClH
    (+/-)-isoemetine; dihydrochloride
    —— (+)-emetine; dihydrochloride 316-42-7 C29H40N2O4*2ClH
    (+)-emetine; dihydrochloride
    —— sodium pantothenate 867-81-2 C9H16NO5*Na
    sodium pantothenate
    —— 3-[(S)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoylamino]propanoic acid 79-83-4 C9H17NO5
    3-[(S)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoylamino]propanoic acid
    —— Tetracyclin*HCl 64-75-5 C22H24N2O8*ClH
    Tetracyclin*HCl
    —— propiverine hydrochloride 54556-98-8 C24H31NO2*ClH
    propiverine hydrochloride
    —— (+/-)-Isomenthol 89-78-1 C10H20O
    (+/-)-Isomenthol
    —— Neoisomenthol 89-78-1 C10H20O
    Neoisomenthol
    —— (-)-menthol 89-78-1 C10H20O
    (-)-menthol
    —— 8-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinoline 148-24-3 C12H13NO2
    8-(2-methoxyethoxy)quinoline
    —— chloroamine-T 127-65-1 C7H7ClNO2S*Na
    chloroamine-T
    —— gallamine triiodoethylate 65-29-2 C30H60N3O3*3I
    gallamine triiodoethylate
    —— L-thyroxine sodium 55-03-8 C15H10I4NO4*Na
    L-thyroxine sodium
    —— mafenide hydrochloride 49783-80-4 C7H10N2O2S*ClH
    mafenide hydrochloride
    —— N-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl)-L-cysteine 65002-17-7 C7H13NO3S2
    N-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl)-L-cysteine
    —— (+/-)-lumiestrone 53-16-7 C18H22O2
    (+/-)-lumiestrone
    —— 3-hydroxy-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one 53-16-7 C18H22O2
    3-hydroxy-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one
    —— DL-8-Isooestron 53-16-7 C18H22O2
    DL-8-Isooestron
    —— sodium glycocholate 863-57-0 C26H42NO6*Na
    sodium glycocholate
    —— sodium taurocholate 145-42-6 C26H44NO7S*Na
    sodium taurocholate
    —— D-Inosit hexaphosphat 83-86-3 C6H18O24P6
    D-Inosit hexaphosphat