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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4H-Cyclopent[f]oxacyclotridecin-4-one,1,6,7,8,9,11a,12,13,14,14a-decahydro-1,13-dihydroxy-6-methyl-,(1R,2E,6S,10E,11aS,13S,14aR)- 20350-15-6 C16H24O4
    4H-Cyclopent[f]oxacyclotridecin-4-one,1,6,7,8,9,11a,12,13,14,14a-decahydro-1,13-dihydroxy-6-methyl-,(1R,2E,6S,10E,11aS,13S,14aR)-
    —— (R)-[(2R,4R,5S)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol;sulfuric acid 50-54-4 C40H50N4O8S
    (R)-[(2R,4R,5S)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol;sulfuric acid
    —— [(1R,2R,4S,5S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl] (2R)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;hydrobromide 114-49-8 C17H21NO4.BrH
    [(1R,2R,4S,5S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl] (2R)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;hydrobromide
    —— (3R,5S,E)-7-(2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoate 147526-32-7 C25H23FNO4-
    (3R,5S,E)-7-(2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoate
    —— (2-butyl-4-chloro-1-{[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl}-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methanolate 124750-99-8 C22H22ClN6O-
    (2-butyl-4-chloro-1-{[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl}-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methanolate
    —— 1H-Indole-3-carboxylic acid, octahydro-3-oxo-2,6-methano-2H-quinolizin-8-yl ester, (2alpha,6alpha,8alpha,9abeta)-, monomethanesulfonate 115956-13-3 C20H24N2O6S
    1H-Indole-3-carboxylic acid, octahydro-3-oxo-2,6-methano-2H-quinolizin-8-yl ester, (2alpha,6alpha,8alpha,9abeta)-, monomethanesulfonate
    —— 85960-17-4 C28H43N5NaO9S2
    —— (E)-5-(3-methylbut-2-enoxy)-5-oxo-2-[2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]pent-2-enoic acid 115065-79-7 C21H22N2O6S
    (E)-5-(3-methylbut-2-enoxy)-5-oxo-2-[2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]pent-2-enoic acid
    —— 4-[2-(11,17-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-oxoethoxy]-4-oxobutanoic acid;hydrate 83784-20-7 C25H36O9
    4-[2-(11,17-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-oxoethoxy]-4-oxobutanoic acid;hydrate
    —— (1R,3R,8S,9R,12S,13R)-1-hydroxy-14-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-13-methyl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione;(1R,3R,8S,9R,12S,13R)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione 124-87-8 C30H34O13
    (1R,3R,8S,9R,12S,13R)-1-hydroxy-14-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-13-methyl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione;(1R,3R,8S,9R,12S,13R)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-5-amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,3R,4S,6R)-4,6-diamino-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxyoxane-3,4-diol;sulfuric acid 53797-35-6 C17H36N4O14S
    (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-5-amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,3R,4S,6R)-4,6-diamino-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxyoxane-3,4-diol;sulfuric acid
    —— Kanamycin acid sulfate 8063-07-8 C18H40N4O19S2
    Kanamycin acid sulfate
    —— (1S,2R,18R,19R,22S,25R,28R,40S)-48-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-22-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-5,15-dichloro-2,18,32,35,37-pentahydroxy-19-[[(2R)-4-methyl-2-(methylamino)pentanoyl]amino]-20,23,26,42,44-pentaoxo-7,13-dioxa-21,24,27,41,43-pentazaoctacyclo[26.14.2.23,6.214,17.18,12.129,33.010,25.034,39]pentaconta-3,5,8(48),9,11,14,16,29(45),30,32,34(39),35,37,46,49-pentadecaene-40-carboxylic acid;hydrochloride 1404-93-9 C66H76Cl3N9O24
    (1S,2R,18R,19R,22S,25R,28R,40S)-48-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-22-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-5,15-dichloro-2,18,32,35,37-pentahydroxy-19-[[(2R)-4-methyl-2-(methylamino)pentanoyl]amino]-20,23,26,42,44-pentaoxo-7,13-dioxa-21,24,27,41,43-pentazaoctacyclo[26.14.2.23,6.214,17.18,12.129,33.010,25.034,39]pentaconta-3,5,8(48),9,11,14,16,29(45),30,32,34(39),35,37,46,49-pentadecaene-40-carboxylic acid;hydrochloride
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5S)-2-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,6S)-4,6-diamino-3-[[3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy]-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy-5-methyl-4-(methylamino)oxane-3,5-diol;sulfuric acid 53179-09-2 C19H39N5O11S
    (2S,3R,4S,5S)-2-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,6S)-4,6-diamino-3-[[3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy]-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy-5-methyl-4-(methylamino)oxane-3,5-diol;sulfuric acid
    —— Sodium hydrogen bicarbonate 497-19-8 CH2NaO3
    Sodium hydrogen bicarbonate
    —— 554-13-2 CH2LiO3
    —— Benzo Congo Red 573-58-0 C32H24N6NaO6S2+
    Benzo Congo Red
    —— (1S)-3-[2-[(1R,7aR)-1-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol 50-14-6 C28H44O
    (1S)-3-[2-[(1R,7aR)-1-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol
    —— (3S,5S,6S,7R,8S,9R,12R,13R,14S,15R)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(Dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-hydroxy-8-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7,9,12,13,15-hexamethyl-1,11-dioxaspiro[2.13]hexadecane-10,16-dione;phosphoric acid 7060-74-4 C35H64NO16P
    (3S,5S,6S,7R,8S,9R,12R,13R,14S,15R)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(Dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-hydroxy-8-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7,9,12,13,15-hexamethyl-1,11-dioxaspiro[2.13]hexadecane-10,16-dione;phosphoric acid
    —— Dimethyl-(2-phenoxyethyl)-(phenylmethyl)ammonium 3-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid 3818-50-6 C28H30NO4+
    Dimethyl-(2-phenoxyethyl)-(phenylmethyl)ammonium 3-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid
    —— Dtxcid7025479 53179-09-2 C38H84N10O34S5
    Dtxcid7025479
    —— Pharmakon1600-01500122 1397-89-3 C47H73NO17
    Pharmakon1600-01500122
    —— GD-Tex 156436-89-4 C52H74GdN5O15
    GD-Tex
    —— Hyoscyamine methylbromide 2870-71-5 C18H26BrNO3
    Hyoscyamine methylbromide
    —— (5Z,9Z,13Z)-6,10,14,18-tetramethylnonadeca-5,9,13,17-tetraen-2-one 6809-52-5 C23H38O
    (5Z,9Z,13Z)-6,10,14,18-tetramethylnonadeca-5,9,13,17-tetraen-2-one
    —— Ganirelix Acetate 129311-55-3 C84H121ClN18O17
    Ganirelix Acetate
    —— sodium;(6R,7S)-3-(acetyloxymethyl)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 64485-93-4 C16H16N5NaO7S2
    sodium;(6R,7S)-3-(acetyloxymethyl)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— Sodium;2-[6-[[2-[5-[5-[6-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-yl]-3-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-7-methoxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-1,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]methyl]-3-methyloxan-2-yl]propanoate 28643-80-3 C40H67NaO11
    Sodium;2-[6-[[2-[5-[5-[6-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-yl]-3-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-7-methoxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-1,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]methyl]-3-methyloxan-2-yl]propanoate
    —— Cidofovir hydrate 149394-66-1 C8H16N3O7P
    Cidofovir hydrate
    —— Floxacillin Na salt 1847-24-1 C19H17ClFN3NaO5S+
    Floxacillin Na salt
    —— Thyroxine sodium salt 55-03-8 C15H11I4NNaO4+
    Thyroxine sodium salt
    —— Pharmakon1600-01500201 642-78-4 C19H18ClN3NaO5S+
    Pharmakon1600-01500201
    —— sodium;6-[(3R,4S,5S,7R)-7-[(2S,3S,5S)-5-ethyl-5-[(2R,5R,6S)-5-ethyl-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]-3-methyloxolan-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxononyl]-2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzoic acid 25999-20-6 C34H54NaO8+
    sodium;6-[(3R,4S,5S,7R)-7-[(2S,3S,5S)-5-ethyl-5-[(2R,5R,6S)-5-ethyl-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]-3-methyloxolan-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxononyl]-2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzoic acid
    —— Mylis 1099-87-2 C19H28NaO5S+
    Mylis
    —— Cacodylic acid, sodium salt 124-65-2 C2H7AsNaO2+
    Cacodylic acid, sodium salt
    —— (S)-[(2R,5R)-5-ethylquinuclidin-2-yl]-(6-methoxy-4-quinolyl)methanol 1435-55-8 C20H26N2O2
    (S)-[(2R,5R)-5-ethylquinuclidin-2-yl]-(6-methoxy-4-quinolyl)methanol
    —— Sulphathiazole sodium pentahydrate 6791-71-5 C9H18N3NaO7S2
    Sulphathiazole sodium pentahydrate
    —— Gadodiamidum 122795-43-1 C16H32GdN5O11
    Gadodiamidum
    —— (S)-[(2S,4S,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol;(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid 7054-25-3 C26H36N2O9
    (S)-[(2S,4S,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol;(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
    —— (1R,9S,12S,15R,16Z,18R,19R,21R,23S,24E,26Z,28E,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-dihydroxy-12-[(2R)-1-[(1S,3R,4R)-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-methoxycyclohexyl]propan-2-yl]-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraene-2,3,10,14,20-pentone 159351-69-6 C53H83NO14
    (1R,9S,12S,15R,16Z,18R,19R,21R,23S,24E,26Z,28E,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-dihydroxy-12-[(2R)-1-[(1S,3R,4R)-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-methoxycyclohexyl]propan-2-yl]-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraene-2,3,10,14,20-pentone
    —— [(11E,13E)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-5-[(2S,4R,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-5-propanoyloxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-4-yl] propanoate 35457-80-8 C41H67NO15
    [(11E,13E)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-5-[(2S,4R,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-5-propanoyloxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-4-yl] propanoate
    —— (1R,9S,12S,15R,16Z,18R,19R,21R,23S,24Z,26Z,28Z,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-dihydroxy-12-[(2R)-1-[(1S,3R,4R)-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-methoxycyclohexyl]propan-2-yl]-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraene-2,3,10,14,20-pentone 159351-69-6 C53H83NO14
    (1R,9S,12S,15R,16Z,18R,19R,21R,23S,24Z,26Z,28Z,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-dihydroxy-12-[(2R)-1-[(1S,3R,4R)-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-methoxycyclohexyl]propan-2-yl]-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraene-2,3,10,14,20-pentone
    —— Refosporin sodium salt 63521-15-3 C18H15Cl2N5NaO5S3+
    Refosporin sodium salt
    —— N-(3-amino-3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl)-2-[(21E)-21-ethylidene-9,30-dihydroxy-18-(1-hydroxyethyl)-40-methyl-16,19,26,31,42,46-hexaoxo-32-oxa-3,13,23,43,49-pentathia-7,17,20,27,45,51,52,53,54,55-decazanonacyclo[26.16.6.12,5.112,15.122,25.138,41.147,50.06,11.034,39]pentapentaconta-2(55),4,6,8,10,12(54),14,22(53),24,34(39),35,37,40,47,50-pentadecaen-8-yl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide 56377-79-8 C51H43N13O12S6
    N-(3-amino-3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl)-2-[(21E)-21-ethylidene-9,30-dihydroxy-18-(1-hydroxyethyl)-40-methyl-16,19,26,31,42,46-hexaoxo-32-oxa-3,13,23,43,49-pentathia-7,17,20,27,45,51,52,53,54,55-decazanonacyclo[26.16.6.12,5.112,15.122,25.138,41.147,50.06,11.034,39]pentapentaconta-2(55),4,6,8,10,12(54),14,22(53),24,34(39),35,37,40,47,50-pentadecaen-8-yl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide
    —— 2-[(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10R,11E,13E,16S)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-[(2R,5S,6S)-5-(dimethylamino)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde 8025-81-8 C43H74N2O14
    2-[(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10R,11E,13E,16S)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-[(2R,5S,6S)-5-(dimethylamino)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde
    —— H-Aib-DL-His-DL-2Nal-DL-Phe-DL-Lys-NH2 170851-70-4 C38H49N9O5
    H-Aib-DL-His-DL-2Nal-DL-Phe-DL-Lys-NH2
    —— Ketek (TN) 191114-48-4 C43H65N5O10
    Ketek (TN)
    —— 4-[1-Hydroxy-2-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;sulfuric acid;hydrate 299-95-6 C11H21NO8S
    4-[1-Hydroxy-2-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;sulfuric acid;hydrate
    —— potassium;6-methoxy-2-[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methylsulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole 161796-84-5 C17H19KN3O3S+
    potassium;6-methoxy-2-[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methylsulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole
    —— Halamid 127-65-1 C7H8ClNNaO2S+
    Halamid