原料药,通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂,才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此,我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。
根据来源不同,原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。
化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物(个别为元素),例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等;而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料,通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物,如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。
天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的,属于生物化学范畴;近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中,有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高,是化学制药工业的主要支柱。
由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量,因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 格列吡嗪 | glipizide | 29094-61-9 | C21H27N5O4S |
| 根赤壳菌素 | (9Z,11E)-(4R,6R,8R)-16-Chloro-17,19-dihydroxy-4-methyl-3,7-dioxa-tricyclo[13.4.0.0<sup>6,8</sup>]nonadeca-1(15),9,11,16,18-pentaene-2,13-dione | 12772-57-5 | C18H17ClO6 |
| 核黄素磷酸钠 | Riboflavin sodium phosphate, British Pharmacopoeia (BP) Reference Standard | 130-40-5 | C17H21N4NaO9P |
| 核糖霉素 | ribostamycin | 25546-65-0 | C17H34N4O10 |
| 柳胺酚 | osalmid | 526-18-1 | C13H11NO3 |
| 柳胺苄心定 | labetalol hydrochloride | 32780-64-6 | C19H24N2O3*ClH |
| 柳氮磺吡啶 | sulfosalazine | 599-79-1 | C18H14N4O5S |
| 柱晶白霉素 | 2-[(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10R,16R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,4R,5S,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,10-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde | 1392-21-8 | C35H59NO13 |
| 柠檬酸苯托沙敏 | phenyltoloxamine dihydrogen citrate | 1176-08-5 | C6H8O7*C17H21NO |
| 柠檬酸奥索拉明 | N,N-diethyl-2-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)ethanamine;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid | 1949-20-8 | C20H27N3O8 |
| 柠檬酸三锂 | Lithium-citrate | 919-16-4 | C6H8Li3O7 |
| 柔红霉素 盐酸盐 | daunomycin hydrochloride | 23541-50-6 | C27H29NO10*ClH |
| 柔红霉素 | Daunorubicinol | 28008-55-1 | C27H31NO10 |
| 柄曲菌素 | sterigmatocystin | 10048-13-2 | C18H12O6 |
| 枸橼酸莫沙比利 | Mosapride citrate dihydrate | 636582-62-2 | C27H37ClFN3O12 |
| 枸橼酸莫沙必利含结晶水 | 4-Amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-[[4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-2-morpholinyl]methyl]benzamide 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate Hydrate | 636582-62-2 | C27H35ClFN3O11 |
| 枸橼酸布他米酯 | butamirate citrate | 18109-81-4 | C6H8O7*C18H29NO3 |
| 枸橼酸哌嗪一水合物 | Piperazine-1,4-diium 2-(carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxybutanedioate monohydrate | 41372-10-5 | C10H20N2O8 |
| 枸橼酸他莫昔芬 | tamoxifen citrate | 54965-24-1 | C6H8O7*C26H29NO |
| 枸橼酸乙胺嗪 | N,N-diethyl-4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxamide dihydrogen citrate | 1642-54-2 | C6H8O7*C10H21N3O |
| 枯草芽孢杆菌 | Caswell No. 909A | 68038-70-0 | C66H103N17O16SZn |
| 果糖二磷酸钠 | fructose-1,6-bisphosphate | 488-69-7 | C6H14O12P2 |
| 果糖 | D-fructose | 7660-25-5 | C6H12O6 |
| 林可霉素 | lincomycin | 17017-22-0 | C18H34N2O6S |
| 林可霉素 | lincomycin | 154-21-2 | C18H34N2O6S |
| 松齐拉敏 | thonzylamine | 91-85-0 | C16H22N4O |
| 来那替尼 | neratinib | 698387-09-6 | C30H29ClN6O3 |
| 来那度胺 | Lenalidomide | 191732-72-6 | C13H13N3O3 |
| 来氟米特 | Leflunomide | 75706-12-6 | C12H9F3N2O2 |
| 来曲唑 | letrozol | 112809-51-5 | C17H11N5 |
| 来普霉素B | Elactocin | 87081-35-4 | C33H48O6 |
| 来普霉素A | leptomycin A | 87081-36-5 | C32H46O6 |
| 来他替尼 | lestaurtinib | 111358-88-4 | C26H21N3O4 |
| 杠柳次甙 | 3-[(3S,5S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-5,14-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,5R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one | 127-32-2 | C30H46O8 |
| 木瓜蛋白酶 | carnosine | 108333-82-0 | C9H14N4O3 |
| 木瓜凝乳蛋白酶 | chymopapain | 9001-09-6 | —— |
| 木犀草素 | 2-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-chromen-4-on | 491-70-3 | C15H10O6 |
| 木利替尼 | 4-[[4-[4-(triazol-1-yl)butyl]phenoxy]methyl]-2-[(E)-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethenyl]-1,3-oxazole | 366017-09-6 | C25H23F3N4O2 |
| 替马沙星 | temafloxacin | 108319-06-8 | C21H18F3N3O3 |
| 替诺立定 | tinoridine | 24237-54-5 | C17H20N2O2S |
| 替诺福韦酯 | tenofovir disoproxil | 201341-05-1 | C19H30N5O10P |
| 替诺福韦艾拉酚胺半富马酸盐 | Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate | 1392275-56-7 | C46H62N12O14P2 |
| 替诺福韦艾拉酚胺 | tenofovir alafenamide | 379270-37-8 | C21H29N6O5P |
| 替诺昔康 | tenoxicam | 59804-37-4 | C13H11N3O4S2 |
| 替莫西林 | temocillin | 66148-78-5 | C16H18N2O7S2 |
| 替莫碘胺 | Visceralgine | 144-12-7 | C18H24NO2S*I |
| 替莫普利 | temocapril | 111902-57-9 | C23H28N2O5S2 |
| 替莫唑胺 | temozolomide | 85622-93-1 | C6H6N6O2 |
| 替考拉宁A2 | Teichomycin A2 | 61036-64-4 | C90H99Cl2N9O34 |
| 替罗非班 | tirofiban | 144494-65-5 | C22H36N2O5S |