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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 7-D-Mandelamido-3-(1-sulfomethyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carbonsaeure 61270-58-4 C18H18N6O8S3
    7-D-Mandelamido-3-(1-sulfomethyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carbonsaeure
    —— Methyltestosteron 58-18-4 C20H30O2
    Methyltestosteron
    —— 17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-androst-4-en-3-one 58-18-4 C20H30O2
    17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-androst-4-en-3-one
    —— methyltestosterone 58-18-4 C20H30O2
    methyltestosterone
    —— 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-propionic acid 9-methyl-3-oxa-9-aza-tricyclo[3.3.1.0<sup>2,4</sup>]non-7-yl ester 51-34-3 C17H21NO4
    3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-propionic acid 9-methyl-3-oxa-9-aza-tricyclo[3.3.1.0<sup>2,4</sup>]non-7-yl ester
    —— 25-Hydroxy-5,6-trans-<26-<sup>14</sup>C>cholecalciferol 19356-17-3 C27H44O2
    25-Hydroxy-5,6-trans-<26-<sup>14</sup>C>cholecalciferol
    —— (+/-)-exo-mecamylamine hydrochloride 826-39-1 C11H21N*ClH
    (+/-)-exo-mecamylamine hydrochloride
    —— sodium valproate 1069-66-5 C8H15O2*Na
    sodium valproate
    —— 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-propionic acid 9-methyl-(1<i>r</i><i>N</i>,2<i>t</i><i>H</i>,4<i>t</i><i>H</i>,5<i>c</i><i>N</i>)-3-oxa-9-aza-tricyclo[3.3.1.0<sup>2,4</sup>]non-7<i>t</i>-yl ester 51-34-3 C17H21NO4
    3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-propionic acid 9-methyl-(1<i>r</i><i>N</i>,2<i>t</i><i>H</i>,4<i>t</i><i>H</i>,5<i>c</i><i>N</i>)-3-oxa-9-aza-tricyclo[3.3.1.0<sup>2,4</sup>]non-7<i>t</i>-yl ester
    —— scopolamine 51-34-3 C17H21NO4
    scopolamine
    —— (-)-SCOPOLAMINE 138-12-5 C17H21NO4
    (-)-SCOPOLAMINE
    —— 9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene-3β,25-diol 19356-17-3 C27H44O2
    9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene-3β,25-diol
    —— (2S)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid 61-33-6 C16H18N2O4S
    (2S)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— Benzylpenicillin 61-33-6 C16H18N2O4S
    Benzylpenicillin
    —— penicillin G 61-33-6 C16H18N2O4S
    penicillin G
    —— 6-(2-phenylacetamido)penicillanic acid 61-33-6 C16H18N2O4S
    6-(2-phenylacetamido)penicillanic acid
    —— (6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid 61-33-6 C16H18N2O4S
    (6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— bleomycin sulfate 9041-93-4 C55H84N17O21S3*HO4S
    bleomycin sulfate
    —— nystatin A1 1400-61-9 C47H75NO17
    nystatin A1
    —— 2-Hydroxymethylen-17α-methyl-17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-on 434-07-1 C21H32O3
    2-Hydroxymethylen-17α-methyl-17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-on
    —— Zidovudine 30516-87-1 C10H13N5O4
    Zidovudine
    —— β-Oestradiol-3-benzoat 50-50-0 C25H28O3
    β-Oestradiol-3-benzoat
    —— 4-hydroxy-N-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxide 71125-38-7 C13H11N3O4S2
    4-hydroxy-N-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxide
    —— 3-Benzoyloxy-oestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17β-ol 50-50-0 C25H28O3
    3-Benzoyloxy-oestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17β-ol
    —— hexamethonium bromide 55-97-0 2Br*C12H30N2
    hexamethonium bromide
    —— 4-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzoic acid dihydrochloride 106261-49-8 C13H18N2O2*2ClH
    4-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzoic acid dihydrochloride
    —— Rifamycin S 13553-79-2 C37H45NO12
    Rifamycin S
    —— ketoprofen tromethamine salt 156604-79-4 C4H11NO3*C16H14O3
    ketoprofen tromethamine salt
    —— bis<(S)ethyl-2-hexyl> sodium sulfosuccinate 577-11-7 C20H37O7S*Na
    bis<(S)ethyl-2-hexyl> sodium sulfosuccinate
    —— bis(1-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt 577-11-7 C20H37O7S*Na
    bis(1-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt
    —— Memantine 19982-08-2 C12H21N
    Memantine
    —— 1-amino-3,5-dimethyladamantane maleate 19982-08-2 C4H4O4*C12H21N
    1-amino-3,5-dimethyladamantane maleate
    —— cyanocobalamin 68-19-9 CCoN*C62H88N13O14P
    cyanocobalamin
    —— benzathine benzylpenicillin 1538-09-6 C16H18N2O4S*C16H20N2
    benzathine benzylpenicillin
    —— Chenodeoxycholic Acid 474-25-9 C24H40O4
    Chenodeoxycholic Acid
    —— (+/-)-Pseudohomatropin 87-00-3 C16H21NO3
    (+/-)-Pseudohomatropin
    —— 3-methoxy-(17β<i>H</i>)-19-nor-pregna-1,3,5(10)-trien-20-yn-17-ol 72-33-3 C21H26O2
    3-methoxy-(17β<i>H</i>)-19-nor-pregna-1,3,5(10)-trien-20-yn-17-ol
    —— (17α)-3-methoxy-19-norpregna-1,3,5(10)-triene-20-yn-17-ol 72-33-3 C21H26O2
    (17α)-3-methoxy-19-norpregna-1,3,5(10)-triene-20-yn-17-ol
    —— mestranol 72-33-3 C21H26O2
    mestranol
    —— 4-(biphenyl-4-yl)-4-oxobutyric acid 36330-85-5 C15H12O3
    4-(biphenyl-4-yl)-4-oxobutyric acid
    —— Brefeldin A 20350-15-6 C16H24O4
    Brefeldin A
    —— (-)-m-octopamine 636-87-3 C8H11NO2*ClH
    (-)-m-octopamine
    —— octadeca-9<i>c</i>,12<i>t</i>-dienoic acid ethyl ester 544-35-4 C20H36O2
    octadeca-9<i>c</i>,12<i>t</i>-dienoic acid ethyl ester
    —— 6β-((<i>R</i>)-2-amino-2-phenyl-acetylamino)-penicillanic acid 69-53-4 C16H19N3O4S
    6β-((<i>R</i>)-2-amino-2-phenyl-acetylamino)-penicillanic acid
    —— 6-epi-ampicillin 69-53-4 C16H19N3O4S
    6-epi-ampicillin
    —— ampicillin 69-53-4 C16H19N3O4S
    ampicillin
    —— Ampiciliin 69-53-4 C16H19N3O4S
    Ampiciliin
    —— ampicilline 69-53-4 C16H19N3O4S
    ampicilline
    —— pimaricin 7681-93-8 C33H47NO13
    pimaricin
    —— 3-Hydroxy-17β-valeryloxy-oestratrien-(1,3,5(10)) 979-32-8 C23H32O3
    3-Hydroxy-17β-valeryloxy-oestratrien-(1,3,5(10))