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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2R)-2-[(2R,5S,6R)-6-[(1S,2S,3S,5R)-5-[(3S,5R,7S,9S,10S,12R,15R)-3-[(2R,5R,6S)-5-ethyl-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]-15-hydroxy-3,10,12-trimethyl-4,6,8-trioxadispiro[4.1.5^{7}.3^{5}]pentadec-13-en-9-yl]-2-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-4-oxo-heptyl]-5-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]butanoic acid 53003-10-4 C42H70O11
    (2R)-2-[(2R,5S,6R)-6-[(1S,2S,3S,5R)-5-[(3S,5R,7S,9S,10S,12R,15R)-3-[(2R,5R,6S)-5-ethyl-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]-15-hydroxy-3,10,12-trimethyl-4,6,8-trioxadispiro[4.1.5^{7}.3^{5}]pentadec-13-en-9-yl]-2-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-4-oxo-heptyl]-5-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]butanoic acid
    —— 2-[(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,11E,13E,15R,16R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4R,5S,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-16-ethyl-4-hydroxy-15-[[(3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-5,9,13-trimethyl-2,10-dioxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde 1405-54-5 C46H77NO17
    2-[(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,11E,13E,15R,16R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,4R,5S,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-16-ethyl-4-hydroxy-15-[[(3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-5,9,13-trimethyl-2,10-dioxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde
    —— 5-(methylsulfanylmethyl)-3-[(Z)-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylideneamino]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 4936-47-4 C10H11N3O5S
    5-(methylsulfanylmethyl)-3-[(Z)-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylideneamino]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— Dtxcid7010707 20562-02-1 C45H73NO15
    Dtxcid7010707
    —— 3-acetamido-5-[acetyl(methyl)amino]-2,4,6-triiodo-N-[(2R,4S,5S)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-oxanyl]benzamide 31112-62-6 C18H22I3N3O8
    3-acetamido-5-[acetyl(methyl)amino]-2,4,6-triiodo-N-[(2R,4S,5S)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-oxanyl]benzamide
    —— Atropine sulfate anhydrous 5908-99-6 C34H50N2O11S
    Atropine sulfate anhydrous
    —— norgestimate 20799-27-3 C23H31NO3
    norgestimate
    —— (9S)-7-[4-amino-6-methyl-5-(oxan-2-yloxy)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione 72496-41-4 C32H37NO12
    (9S)-7-[4-amino-6-methyl-5-(oxan-2-yloxy)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione
    —— (1R,9S)-1-amino-13-ethylidene-11-methyl-6-azatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2(7),3,10-trien-5-one 102518-79-6 C15H18N2O
    (1R,9S)-1-amino-13-ethylidene-11-methyl-6-azatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2(7),3,10-trien-5-one
    —— 2-[3,4-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-5-hydroxy-7-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-[[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxanyl]oxymethyl]-2-oxanyl]oxy]-1-benzopyran-4-one 7085-55-4 C33H42O19
    2-[3,4-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-5-hydroxy-7-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-[[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxanyl]oxymethyl]-2-oxanyl]oxy]-1-benzopyran-4-one
    —— (6S,7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(carboxymethoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-3-ethenyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 79350-37-1 C16H15N5O7S2
    (6S,7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(carboxymethoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-3-ethenyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— Pharmakon1600-01500168 38821-53-3 C16H19N3O4S
    Pharmakon1600-01500168
    —— (8aR,9R)-5-[[(2R,4aR,6R,7R,8R)-7,8-dihydroxy-2-thiophen-2-yl-4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-6-yl]oxy]-9-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5a,6,8a,9-tetrahydro-5H-isobenzofuro[6,5-f][1,3]benzodioxol-8-one 29767-20-2 C32H32O13S
    (8aR,9R)-5-[[(2R,4aR,6R,7R,8R)-7,8-dihydroxy-2-thiophen-2-yl-4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-6-yl]oxy]-9-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5a,6,8a,9-tetrahydro-5H-isobenzofuro[6,5-f][1,3]benzodioxol-8-one
    —— Pharmakon1600-01500903 33419-42-0 C29H32O13
    Pharmakon1600-01500903
    —— (2S,4S)-4-cyclohexyl-1-[2-[[(1S)-2-methyl-1-(1-oxopropoxy)propoxy]-(4-phenylbutyl)phosphoryl]-1-oxoethyl]-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid 98048-97-6 C30H46NO7P
    (2S,4S)-4-cyclohexyl-1-[2-[[(1S)-2-methyl-1-(1-oxopropoxy)propoxy]-(4-phenylbutyl)phosphoryl]-1-oxoethyl]-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid
    —— (1S,2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-amino-3-[(2S,3R)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy]-6-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl 3-deoxy-4-C-methyl-3-(methylamino)-beta-L-arabinopyranoside 56391-56-1 C21H41N5O7
    (1S,2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-amino-3-[(2S,3R)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy]-6-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl 3-deoxy-4-C-methyl-3-(methylamino)-beta-L-arabinopyranoside
    —— Pharmakon1600-01503210 5593-20-4 C28H37FO7
    Pharmakon1600-01503210
    —— Pharmakon1600-01502203 2751-09-9 C41H67NO15
    Pharmakon1600-01502203
    —— (3S,4S,6S)-3-Methoxy-2-methyl-4-(methylamino)-29-oxa-1,7,17-triazaoctacyclo[12.12.2.12,6.07,28.08,13.015,19.020,27.021,26]nonacosa-8,10,12,14,19,21,23,25,27-nonaen-16-one 62996-74-1 C28H26N4O3
    (3S,4S,6S)-3-Methoxy-2-methyl-4-(methylamino)-29-oxa-1,7,17-triazaoctacyclo[12.12.2.12,6.07,28.08,13.015,19.020,27.021,26]nonacosa-8,10,12,14,19,21,23,25,27-nonaen-16-one
    —— NCGC00380287-01_C28H33NO7_(1E,4S,6R,7E,11aS,14S,14aS,15S,15aR,16aS,16bS)-14-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-4,6,15,15a-tetramethyl-3,13,14,14a,15,15a,16a,16b-octahydro[1,3]dioxacyclotridecino[4,5-d]oxireno[f]isoindole-5,10,12(4H,6H)-trione 36011-19-5 C28H33NO7
    NCGC00380287-01_C28H33NO7_(1E,4S,6R,7E,11aS,14S,14aS,15S,15aR,16aS,16bS)-14-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-4,6,15,15a-tetramethyl-3,13,14,14a,15,15a,16a,16b-octahydro[1,3]dioxacyclotridecino[4,5-d]oxireno[f]isoindole-5,10,12(4H,6H)-trione
    —— 1-methyl-1-nitroso-3-[(2S,4S,5S)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]urea 66395-18-4 C8H15N3O7
    1-methyl-1-nitroso-3-[(2S,4S,5S)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]urea
    —— pirarubicin 72496-41-4 C32H37NO12
    pirarubicin
    —— (R)-[(2R,5S)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(4-quinolinyl)methanol 118-10-5 C19H22N2O
    (R)-[(2R,5S)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(4-quinolinyl)methanol
    —— acetic acid;N-[(3S,6S,9S,11R,15S,18S,20R,21S,24S,25S)-21-(2-aminoethylamino)-3-[(1R)-3-amino-1-hydroxypropyl]-6-[(1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-11,20,25-trihydroxy-15-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2,5,8,14,17,23-hexaoxo-1,4,7,13,16,22-hexazatricyclo[22.3.0.09,13]heptacosan-18-yl]-10,12-dimethyltetradecanamide 179463-17-3 C56H96N10O19
    acetic acid;N-[(3S,6S,9S,11R,15S,18S,20R,21S,24S,25S)-21-(2-aminoethylamino)-3-[(1R)-3-amino-1-hydroxypropyl]-6-[(1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-11,20,25-trihydroxy-15-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2,5,8,14,17,23-hexaoxo-1,4,7,13,16,22-hexazatricyclo[22.3.0.09,13]heptacosan-18-yl]-10,12-dimethyltetradecanamide
    —— (3S,4S)-3-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-[(carboxymethoxy)imino]acetamido]-4-carbamoyloxymethyl-2-oxo-1-azetidinesulphonic acid 109362-10-9 C12H14N6O10S2
    (3S,4S)-3-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-[(carboxymethoxy)imino]acetamido]-4-carbamoyloxymethyl-2-oxo-1-azetidinesulphonic acid
    —— Almitrine mesylate 29608-49-9 C28H37F2N7O6S2
    Almitrine mesylate
    —— (S,Z)-3-((E)-2-((1R,3aS,7aR)-1-((2R,5R,E)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl)-7a-methyldihydro-1H-inden-4(2H,5H,6H,7H,7aH)-ylidene)ethylidene)-4-methylenecyclohexanol 50-14-6 C28H44O
    (S,Z)-3-((E)-2-((1R,3aS,7aR)-1-((2R,5R,E)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl)-7a-methyldihydro-1H-inden-4(2H,5H,6H,7H,7aH)-ylidene)ethylidene)-4-methylenecyclohexanol
    —— thapsigargin 67526-95-8 C34H50O12
    thapsigargin
    —— Thioacetazone 104-06-3 C10H12N4OS
    Thioacetazone
    —— (3R,4S,5S,6R,7R,9R,10E,11S,12R,13S,14R)-6-[4-(Dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-10-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxyimino)-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecan-2-one 80214-83-1 C41H76N2O15
    (3R,4S,5S,6R,7R,9R,10E,11S,12R,13S,14R)-6-[4-(Dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-10-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxyimino)-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecan-2-one
    —— Axepim; BMY 28142 hydrochloride 123171-59-5 C19H26Cl2N6O5S2
    Axepim; BMY 28142 hydrochloride
    —— 17β-acetoxy-androst-4-en-3-one 1045-69-8 C21H30O3
    17β-acetoxy-androst-4-en-3-one
    —— 8-Isotestosteron-acetat 1045-69-8 C21H30O3
    8-Isotestosteron-acetat
    —— 2,2-dimethylpropanoyloxymethyl (6R,7R)-7-[[(2Z)-2-[2-[[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]amino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 135821-54-4 C22H28N6O8S2
    2,2-dimethylpropanoyloxymethyl (6R,7R)-7-[[(2Z)-2-[2-[[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]amino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— (-)(R)-3-bromo-octane 999-64-4 C8H17Br
    (-)(R)-3-bromo-octane
    —— Zorubicin HCl 36508-71-1 C34H36ClN3O10
    Zorubicin HCl
    —— 7-(((2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl)amino)-3-(((5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-2-thiazolyl)thio)methyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 69739-16-8 C20H20N6O7S4
    7-(((2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl)amino)-3-(((5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-2-thiazolyl)thio)methyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— Fursultiamine hydrochloride 2105-43-3 C17H27ClN4O3S2
    Fursultiamine hydrochloride
    —— myo-Inositol, hexakis(dihydrogen phosphate), calcium magnesium salt 3615-82-5 C6H18CaMgO24P6
    myo-Inositol, hexakis(dihydrogen phosphate), calcium magnesium salt
    —— [(2S,4R)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl] (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate 51-34-3 C17H21NO4
    [(2S,4R)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl] (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate
    —— (5R,6S,7S)-6-methoxy-5-methyl-7-(methylamino)-6,7,8,9,15,16-hexahydro-5H,14H-5,9-epoxy-4b,9a,15-triazadibenzo[b,h]cyclonona[1,2,3,4-jkl]cyclopenta[e]-as-indacen-14-one 62996-74-1 C28H26N4O3
    (5R,6S,7S)-6-methoxy-5-methyl-7-(methylamino)-6,7,8,9,15,16-hexahydro-5H,14H-5,9-epoxy-4b,9a,15-triazadibenzo[b,h]cyclonona[1,2,3,4-jkl]cyclopenta[e]-as-indacen-14-one
    —— 5H-Cyclopenta[b]pyridinium, 1-[[(6R,7R)-7-[[(2Z)-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3-yl]methyl]-6,7-dihydro-, sulfate (1:1); Broact; Cefpirome sulfate; HR 810 sulfate; Keiten 98753-19-6 C22H24N6O9S3
    5H-Cyclopenta[b]pyridinium, 1-[[(6R,7R)-7-[[(2Z)-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3-yl]methyl]-6,7-dihydro-, sulfate (1:1); Broact; Cefpirome sulfate; HR 810 sulfate; Keiten
    —— ganglioside G<sub>M1</sub> 37758-47-7 C73H131N3O31
    ganglioside G<sub>M1</sub>
    —— cinerulose 57576-44-0 C42H53NO15
    cinerulose
    —— methyl (1R,2R,4S)-4-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-5-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2S,6R)-6-methyl-5-oxooxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-2,5,7-trihydroxy-6,11-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-tetracene-1-carboxylate 57576-44-0 C42H53NO15
    methyl (1R,2R,4S)-4-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-5-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2S,6R)-6-methyl-5-oxooxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-2,5,7-trihydroxy-6,11-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-tetracene-1-carboxylate
    —— acurarubicin 57576-44-0 C42H53NO15
    acurarubicin
    —— Azatadine Maleate 3978-86-7 C28H30N2O8
    Azatadine Maleate
    —— (3S,5R,6S,7S,8R,11R,12S,13R,14S,15S)-12-[(4-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-14-{[2-O-acetyl-3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl]oxy}-5,7,8,11,13,15-hexamethyl-4,10-dioxo-1,9-dioxaspiro[2.13]hexadec-6-yl acetate 2751-09-9 C41H67NO15
    (3S,5R,6S,7S,8R,11R,12S,13R,14S,15S)-12-[(4-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-14-{[2-O-acetyl-3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl]oxy}-5,7,8,11,13,15-hexamethyl-4,10-dioxo-1,9-dioxaspiro[2.13]hexadec-6-yl acetate
    —— Oligomycin A, 28-oxo- 11050-94-5 C45H72O12
    Oligomycin A, 28-oxo-
    —— Hydroxystilbamidine 495-99-8 C16H16N4O
    Hydroxystilbamidine