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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Kombetin 630-60-4 C29H44O12
    Kombetin
    —— (7S,9S)-7-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-6-methyl-5-[(2S)-oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione 72496-41-4 C32H37NO12
    (7S,9S)-7-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-6-methyl-5-[(2S)-oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione
    —— Lopac-S-1875 51-34-3 C17H21NO4
    Lopac-S-1875
    —— (-)-6-epi-artemisinin 63968-64-9 C15H22O5
    (-)-6-epi-artemisinin
    —— β-isosparteine 90-39-1 C15H26N2
    β-isosparteine
    —— Spartein 90-39-1 C15H26N2
    Spartein
    —— α-Isospartein 90-39-1 C15H26N2
    α-Isospartein
    —— (+)-sparteine 90-39-1 C15H26N2
    (+)-sparteine
    —— Tropisetron 89565-68-4 C17H20N2O2
    Tropisetron
    —— Quinidine sulfate dihydrate 6591-63-5 C40H54N4O10S
    Quinidine sulfate dihydrate
    —— Atropine sulfate monohydrate 55-48-1 C34H50N2O11S
    Atropine sulfate monohydrate
    —— Flutropium bromide 63516-07-4 C24H29BrFNO3
    Flutropium bromide
    —— 1-<2-Chlor-phenyl>-3-dimethylamino-1-phenyl-propan-1-ol 791-35-5 C17H20ClNO
    1-<2-Chlor-phenyl>-3-dimethylamino-1-phenyl-propan-1-ol
    —— Rilzabrutinib, (Z)- 1575596-29-0 C36H40FN9O3
    Rilzabrutinib, (Z)-
    —— (6<i>R</i>)-7<i>t</i>-amino-8-oxo-(6<i>r</i><i>H</i>)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid benzhydryl ester 36923-21-4 C20H18N2O3S
    (6<i>R</i>)-7<i>t</i>-amino-8-oxo-(6<i>r</i><i>H</i>)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid benzhydryl ester
    —— Helexin C 28643-80-3 C40H67NaO11
    Helexin C
    —— (2R,5R,9S,10R,11S,12S)-12-hydroxy-11-methyl-6-methylidene-16-oxo-15-oxapentacyclo[9.3.2.15,8.01,10.02,8]heptadec-13-ene-9-carboxylic acid 510-75-8 C19H22O5
    (2R,5R,9S,10R,11S,12S)-12-hydroxy-11-methyl-6-methylidene-16-oxo-15-oxapentacyclo[9.3.2.15,8.01,10.02,8]heptadec-13-ene-9-carboxylic acid
    —— lappaconitine * HBr 97792-45-5 BrH*C32H44N2O8
    lappaconitine * HBr
    —— (1R,3S,5R,7R,8E,12R,14E,16E,18E,20E,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid 7681-93-8 C33H47NO13
    (1R,3S,5R,7R,8E,12R,14E,16E,18E,20E,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid
    —— (3'R,3aS,4S,4'R,5'R,6R,6'R,7S,7aS)-4-[(2S,3R,5S,6R)-3-amino-2,6-dihydroxy-5-(methylamino)cyclohexyl]oxy-6'-[(1S)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)spiro[4,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3aH-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]pyran-2,2'-oxane]-3',4',5',7-tetrol 31282-04-9 C20H37N3O13
    (3'R,3aS,4S,4'R,5'R,6R,6'R,7S,7aS)-4-[(2S,3R,5S,6R)-3-amino-2,6-dihydroxy-5-(methylamino)cyclohexyl]oxy-6'-[(1S)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)spiro[4,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3aH-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]pyran-2,2'-oxane]-3',4',5',7-tetrol
    —— l-HMPAO 105613-48-7 C13H28N4O2
    l-HMPAO
    —— 1-[(2R,3aR,5R,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-2-(trichloromethyl)-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl]ethane-1,2-diol 15879-93-3 C8H11Cl3O6
    1-[(2R,3aR,5R,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-2-(trichloromethyl)-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl]ethane-1,2-diol
    —— (1R,3S,5R,7R,12R,22R,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid 7681-93-8 C33H47O13N
    (1R,3S,5R,7R,12R,22R,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid
    —— Sdccgsbi-0051046.P002 51-34-3 C17H21NO4
    Sdccgsbi-0051046.P002
    —— cobalt(3+);[(2R,3R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] 1-[3-[(2S,5Z,10Z,12R,15Z,18R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-24-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl phosphate;cyanide 68-19-9 C63H88CoN14O14P
    cobalt(3+);[(2R,3R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] 1-[3-[(2S,5Z,10Z,12R,15Z,18R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-24-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl phosphate;cyanide
    —— 2-Aminoglucose 3416-24-8 C6H13NO5
    2-Aminoglucose
    —— 2-methyl-1-(9-methyl-4-oxo-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazol-3-yl)imidazol-3-ium chloride dihydrate 103639-04-9 C18H19N3O*ClH*2H2O
    2-methyl-1-(9-methyl-4-oxo-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazol-3-yl)imidazol-3-ium chloride dihydrate
    —— [(1S,2R,3S,5S,6S,20R,21S)-11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8,23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl] (2S)-2-[acetyl(methyl)amino]propanoate 35846-53-8 C34H46ClN3O10
    [(1S,2R,3S,5S,6S,20R,21S)-11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8,23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl] (2S)-2-[acetyl(methyl)amino]propanoate
    —— nigericin sodium salt 28643-80-3 C40H67O11*Na
    nigericin sodium salt
    —— alfacalcidol 41294-56-8 C27H44O2
    alfacalcidol
    —— 7-[[2-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;chloride;hydrate;hydrochloride 123171-59-5 C19H28Cl2N6O6S2
    7-[[2-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;chloride;hydrate;hydrochloride
    —— (9S)-7-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-6-methyl-5-[(2R)-oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione 72496-41-4 C32H37NO12
    (9S)-7-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-6-methyl-5-[(2R)-oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione
    —— Dolasetron methanesulfonate 878143-33-0 C20H24N2O6S
    Dolasetron methanesulfonate
    —— (4S)-1-[(2S)-3-(benzoylthio)-2-methyl-1-oxopropyl]-4-(phenylthio)-L-proline calcium salt 81938-43-4 C44H44CaN2O8S4
    (4S)-1-[(2S)-3-(benzoylthio)-2-methyl-1-oxopropyl]-4-(phenylthio)-L-proline calcium salt
    —— N-[(3S,6S,9S,11R,15S,18S,20R,21S,24S,25S)-3-[(1R)-3-amino-1-hydroxypropyl]-21-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-6-[(1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-11,20,25-trihydroxy-15-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2,5,8,14,17,23-hexaoxo-1,4,7,13,16,22-hexaazatricyclo[22.3.0.0^{9,13}]heptacosan-18-yl]-10,12-dimethyltetradecanamide 179463-17-3 C52H88N10O15
    N-[(3S,6S,9S,11R,15S,18S,20R,21S,24S,25S)-3-[(1R)-3-amino-1-hydroxypropyl]-21-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-6-[(1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-11,20,25-trihydroxy-15-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2,5,8,14,17,23-hexaoxo-1,4,7,13,16,22-hexaazatricyclo[22.3.0.0^{9,13}]heptacosan-18-yl]-10,12-dimethyltetradecanamide
    —— Ethyl 10-(2-iodophenyl)undecanoate 99-79-6 C19H29IO2
    Ethyl 10-(2-iodophenyl)undecanoate
    —— (+/-)-Ritodrine hydrochloride 23239-51-2 C17H21NO3*ClH
    (+/-)-Ritodrine hydrochloride
    —— daridorexant 1505484-82-1 C23H23ClN6O2
    daridorexant
    —— (-)-Capnoidin 485-49-4 C20H17NO6
    (-)-Capnoidin
    —— (+)-Adlumidin 485-49-4 C20H17NO6
    (+)-Adlumidin
    —— CP-671,305 445295-04-5 C23H19FN2O7
    CP-671,305
    —— (-)-sparteine 90-39-1 C15H26N2
    (-)-sparteine
    —— clopenthixol 53772-84-2 C22H25ClN2OS
    clopenthixol
    —— quinidine 42151-59-7 C20H24N2O2
    quinidine
    —— 7-[2-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-carboxymethoxyiminoacetamido]-3-vinyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid 79350-37-1 C16H15N5O7S2
    7-[2-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-carboxymethoxyiminoacetamido]-3-vinyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid
    —— Terramycin Ophthalmic 1405-20-5 C48H84N16O17S
    Terramycin Ophthalmic
    —— (1R,4S,5'S,6R,6'R,8R,12S,13S,20R,21R,24S)-6'-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-21,24-dihydroxy-12-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-5-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5',11,13,22-tetramethylspiro[3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene-6,2'-oxane]-2-one 70288-86-7 C48H74O14
    (1R,4S,5'S,6R,6'R,8R,12S,13S,20R,21R,24S)-6'-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-21,24-dihydroxy-12-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-5-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5',11,13,22-tetramethylspiro[3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene-6,2'-oxane]-2-one
    —— (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one 122463-26-7 C38H72N2O12
    (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one
    —— 4-oxo-4-[[(1R,5R,9R,10S,13R)-1,5,9-trimethyl-11,14,15,16-tetraoxatetracyclo[10.3.1.04,13.08,13]hexadecan-10-yl]oxy]butanoic acid 88495-63-0 C19H28O8
    4-oxo-4-[[(1R,5R,9R,10S,13R)-1,5,9-trimethyl-11,14,15,16-tetraoxatetracyclo[10.3.1.04,13.08,13]hexadecan-10-yl]oxy]butanoic acid
    —— 17β-Hydroxy-17α-methyl-5α-androstan-<2,3-c>furazan 1239-29-8 C20H30N2O2
    17β-Hydroxy-17α-methyl-5α-androstan-<2,3-c>furazan