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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-Amino-5,5-dimethyl-hexanoicacidamide 893-01-6 C16H14OS2
    3-Amino-5,5-dimethyl-hexanoicacidamide
    —— (-)-α-lobeline 90-69-7 C22H27NO2
    (-)-α-lobeline
    —— (-)-Homatropine 51017-31-3 C16H21NO3
    (-)-Homatropine
    —— Phleomycin 11006-33-0 C51H75N17O21S2
    Phleomycin
    —— Methscopolamine 155-41-9 C18H24NO4+
    Methscopolamine
    —— Tiquizium bromide 71731-58-3 C19H24BrNS2
    Tiquizium bromide
    —— Rifaximin (Xifaxan) 80621-81-4 C43H51N3O11
    Rifaximin (Xifaxan)
    —— Naftazone 15687-37-3 C11H9N3O2
    Naftazone
    —— (6R,7R)-7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-(furan-2-carbonylsulfanylmethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 80370-57-6 C19H17N5O7S3
    (6R,7R)-7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-(furan-2-carbonylsulfanylmethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— Menadiol Sodium Sulfate 1612-30-2 C11H8Na2O8S2
    Menadiol Sodium Sulfate
    —— Disodium 4,4'-(diarsene-1,2-diyl)bis{2-[(sulfomethyl)amino]phenolate} 618-82-6 C14H14As2N2Na2O8S2
    Disodium 4,4'-(diarsene-1,2-diyl)bis{2-[(sulfomethyl)amino]phenolate}
    —— Fenoprofen (Calcium hydrate) 71720-56-4 C30H30CaO8
    Fenoprofen (Calcium hydrate)
    —— Kasugamycin 11030-24-3 C14H25N3O9
    Kasugamycin
    —— 4-[(7-Chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]-2-(diethylaminomethyl)phenol;hydron;dichloride;dihydrate 69-44-3 C20H28Cl3N3O3
    4-[(7-Chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]-2-(diethylaminomethyl)phenol;hydron;dichloride;dihydrate
    —— Quinaglute (TN) 7054-25-3 C26H36N2O9
    Quinaglute (TN)
    —— Calcium beta-glycerophosphate 27214-00-2 C3H7CaO6P
    Calcium beta-glycerophosphate
    —— 7-[(1R,5S)-6-azaniumyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-yl]-1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate 147059-72-1 C20H15F3N4O3
    7-[(1R,5S)-6-azaniumyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-yl]-1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate
    —— Neomix 1405-10-3 C23H48N6O17S
    Neomix
    —— Metoprolol Succinate 98418-47-4 C34H56N2O10
    Metoprolol Succinate
    —— Dicalcium;(4S,4aR,5S,5aR,6R,12aR)-2-carbamoyl-4-(dimethylamino)-12a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4a,5,5a,6-tetrahydro-4H-tetracene-1,5,10,11-tetrolate 94088-85-4 C22H20Ca2N2O8
    Dicalcium;(4S,4aR,5S,5aR,6R,12aR)-2-carbamoyl-4-(dimethylamino)-12a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4a,5,5a,6-tetrahydro-4H-tetracene-1,5,10,11-tetrolate
    —— Netilmicin Sulfate 56391-57-2 C42H92N10O34S5
    Netilmicin Sulfate
    —— methanesulfonic acid;[(7R)-10-oxo-8-azatricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-5-yl] 1H-indole-3-carboxylate 115956-13-3 C20H24N2O6S
    methanesulfonic acid;[(7R)-10-oxo-8-azatricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-5-yl] 1H-indole-3-carboxylate
    —— Tenidap 120210-48-2 C14H9ClN2O3S
    Tenidap
    —— Etopophos 117091-64-2 C29H33O16P
    Etopophos
    —— Sequinavir 1349873-79-5 C38H50N6O5
    Sequinavir
    —— Alocrest 71486-22-1 C45H54N4O8
    Alocrest
    —— Doxacurium 133814-18-3 C56H78N2O16+2
    Doxacurium
    —— (2S,4S)-4-cyclohexyl-1-[2-[(2-methyl-1-propanoyloxypropoxy)-(4-phenylbutyl)phosphoryl]acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 98048-97-6 C30H46NO7P
    (2S,4S)-4-cyclohexyl-1-[2-[(2-methyl-1-propanoyloxypropoxy)-(4-phenylbutyl)phosphoryl]acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
    —— Sodium 2-{[(5-carboxy-1H-imidazol-4-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-N-(2-carboxy-8-oxo-3-{[4-(2-sulfonatoethyl)pyridin-1-ium-1-yl]methyl}-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-7-yl)-2-phenylethanimidate 85287-61-2 C28H25N6NaO10S2
    Sodium 2-{[(5-carboxy-1H-imidazol-4-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-N-(2-carboxy-8-oxo-3-{[4-(2-sulfonatoethyl)pyridin-1-ium-1-yl]methyl}-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-7-yl)-2-phenylethanimidate
    —— (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,13S,14R)-11-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one 83905-01-5 C38H72N2O12
    (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,13S,14R)-11-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one
    —— Zofenopril(1-) 81938-43-4 C22H22NO4S2-
    Zofenopril(1-)
    —— Cilistatin 82009-34-5 C16H26N2O5S
    Cilistatin
    —— 7-[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]sulfanyl-2-[[(1S)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarbonyl]amino]hept-2-enoic acid 82009-34-5 C16H26N2O5S
    7-[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]sulfanyl-2-[[(1S)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarbonyl]amino]hept-2-enoic acid
    —— H-DL-Phe-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Phe-DL-Trp-DL-Lys-DL-xiThr-DL-Cys(1)-Thr-ol.2CH3CO2H 79517-01-4 C53H74N10O14S2
    H-DL-Phe-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Phe-DL-Trp-DL-Lys-DL-xiThr-DL-Cys(1)-Thr-ol.2CH3CO2H
    —— Cefodizime,(S) 69739-16-8 C20H20N6O7S4
    Cefodizime,(S)
    —— buserelin acetate 68630-75-1 C2H4O2*C60H86N16O13
    buserelin acetate
    —— Natrii morrhuas 8031-09-2 C20H18N6Na2O9S
    Natrii morrhuas
    —— 1-(2,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-2-imidazol-1-yl-ethanone O-(2,4-dichloro-benzyl)-oxime; compound with nitric acid 64211-46-7 C18H13Cl4N3O*HNO3
    1-(2,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-2-imidazol-1-yl-ethanone O-(2,4-dichloro-benzyl)-oxime; compound with nitric acid
    —— 4-Amino-2-[4,6-diamino-3-[3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,5-diol;sulfuric acid 58580-55-5 C18H39N5O12S
    4-Amino-2-[4,6-diamino-3-[3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,5-diol;sulfuric acid
    —— CO-Vidarabine 53910-25-1 C11H16N4O4
    CO-Vidarabine
    —— Methyldopa sesquihydrate 41372-08-1 C20H32N2O11
    Methyldopa sesquihydrate
    —— 3-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol;(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid 33402-03-8 C13H19NO8
    3-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol;(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
    —— (3'R,3aS,4S,4'R,5'R,6R,6'R,7S,7aS)-4-[(1R,2S,3R,5S,6R)-3-amino-2,6-dihydroxy-5-(methylamino)cyclohexyl]oxy-6'-[(1S)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)spiro[4,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3aH-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]pyran-2,2'-oxane]-3',4',5',7-tetrol 31282-04-9 C20H37N3O13
    (3'R,3aS,4S,4'R,5'R,6R,6'R,7S,7aS)-4-[(1R,2S,3R,5S,6R)-3-amino-2,6-dihydroxy-5-(methylamino)cyclohexyl]oxy-6'-[(1S)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)spiro[4,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3aH-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]pyran-2,2'-oxane]-3',4',5',7-tetrol
    —— (S,R)-(+)-rimiterol 32953-89-2 C12H17NO3
    (S,R)-(+)-rimiterol
    —— Picrotoxin 124-87-8 C15H18O7.C15H16O6
    Picrotoxin
    —— Silvadene 1152234-18-8 C10H10AgN4O2S
    Silvadene
    —— Chlorhexidine Gluconate 55-56-1 C34H54Cl2N10O14
    Chlorhexidine Gluconate
    —— [(2S,3S,4R,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-6-[[(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10R,16R)-4-acetyloxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-6-yl]oxy]-4-(dimethylamino)-5-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyloxan-3-yl] 3-methylbutanoate 16846-24-5 C42H69NO15
    [(2S,3S,4R,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-6-[[(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10R,16R)-4-acetyloxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-6-yl]oxy]-4-(dimethylamino)-5-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyloxan-3-yl] 3-methylbutanoate
    —— 1-[(2R,5R,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-2-(trichloromethyl)-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl]ethane-1,2-diol 15879-93-3 C8H11Cl3O6
    1-[(2R,5R,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-2-(trichloromethyl)-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl]ethane-1,2-diol
    —— (2S,6aR,6aS,8aR)-10-(3-carboxypropanoyloxy)-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-13-oxo-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picene-2-carboxylic acid 5697-56-3 C34H50O7
    (2S,6aR,6aS,8aR)-10-(3-carboxypropanoyloxy)-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-13-oxo-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picene-2-carboxylic acid