原料药,通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂,才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此,我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。
根据来源不同,原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。
化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物(个别为元素),例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等;而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料,通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物,如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。
天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的,属于生物化学范畴;近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中,有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高,是化学制药工业的主要支柱。
由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量,因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1-溴三辛烷 | n-Triacontyl bromide | 4209-22-7 | C30H61Br |
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1-溴-8-氯辛烷 | 1-bromo-8-chloro-octane | 28598-82-5 | C8H16BrCl |
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1-溴-8-氟辛烷 | 1-bromo-8-fluoroctane | 593-12-4 | C8H16BrF |
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1-溴-3-氯-5,5-二甲基海因 | Bromochloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione | 32718-18-6 | C5H6BrClN2O2 |
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1-溴-2-萘酚 | 1-bromo-2-naphthol | 573-97-7 | C10H7BrO |
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1-氯-8-碘辛烷 | 1-chloro-8-iodooctane | 74962-58-6 | C8H16ClI |
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1-氯-8-氟辛烷 | 1-chloro-8-fluorooctane | 593-14-6 | C8H16ClF |
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1-乙基-6-氟-7-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-4-氧代喹啉-3-羧酸 | Pefloxacin mesylate dihydrate | 149676-40-4 | C18H28FN3O8S |
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1-[(2S,5R)-2-甲基-5-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基氨基)-1-哌啶基]-2-丙烯-1-酮丙二酸酯 | PF-06651600 | 1792180-81-4 | C15H19N5O |
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1-[3-氯-5-[[[4-(4-氯-2-噻吩基)-5-(4-环己基-1-哌嗪基)-2-噻唑基]氨基]羰基]-2-吡啶基]-4-哌啶羧酸 | avatrombopag | 570406-98-3 | C29H34Cl2N6O3S2 |
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1-[2-[2-羟基-3-(丙氨基)-丙氧基]苯基]-3-苯基-1-丙酮 | propafenone | 54063-53-5 | C21H27NO3 |
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1-[2-[(2,6-二氯苯基)甲氧基]-2-(2,4-二氯苯基)乙基]-1H-咪唑单硝酸盐 | Fazol | 24168-96-5 | C18H14Cl4N2O*HNO3 |
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1-[(4-氯苯基)苄基]-4-[(m-甲苯基)甲基]哌嗪盐酸盐 | Meclizine dihydrochloride | 1104-22-9 | C25H27ClN2*2ClH |
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1-BOC-吡咯烷-3-甲酰胺 | 1-tert-<(butyloxy)carbonyl>-3-carbamoylpyrrolidine | 122684-34-8 | C10H18N2O3 |
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1-(5-溴-2-甲氧基苯基磺酰)哌啶 | 1-((5-Bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)piperidine | 295360-83-7 | C12H16BrNO3S |
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1-(5-溴-2-甲氧基苯基磺酰)吡咯啉 | 1-(5-Bromo-2-methoxyphenylsulfonyl)pyrrolidine | 691381-10-9 | C11H14BrNO3S |
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1-(4-溴苯基磺酰)哌啶-4-酮 | 1-(4-bromophenylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-one | 929000-54-4 | C11H12BrNO3S |
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1-(4-溴苯基磺酰)哌啶 | 1-((4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl)piperidine | 834-66-2 | C11H14BrNO2S |
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1-(4-溴苯基磺酰)吡咯啉 | 1-((4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl)pyrrolidine | 136350-52-2 | C10H12BrNO2S |
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1-(4-溴苯基磺酰)吖丁啶 | 1-((4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl)azetidine | 530081-57-3 | C9H10BrNO2S |
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1-(4-氯苯甲酰基)-5-甲氧基-2-甲基-1-吲哚-3-乙酸3,7,11-三甲基-2,6,10-十二碳三烯酯 | E 0710; IM-F; Indometacin farnesil | 85801-02-1 | C34H40ClNO4 |
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1-(4-氟苯基磺酰)吡咯啉 | 1-((4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl)pyrrolidine | 157187-14-9 | C10H12FNO2S |
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1-(3-硝基苯基磺酰基)哌啶 | 1-((3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)piperidine | 91619-31-7 | C11H14N2O4S |
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1-(3-硝基苯基磺酰)吡咯啉 | 1-(3-nitrophenylsulfonyl)pyrrolidine | 91619-30-6 | C10H12N2O4S |
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1-(3-溴苯基磺酰)哌啶 | 1-((3-bromophenyl)sulfonyl)piperidine | 871269-12-4 | C11H14BrNO2S |
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1-(3-溴苯基磺酰)吡咯啉 | 1-((3-bromophenyl)sulfonyl)pyrrolidine | 214210-14-7 | C10H12BrNO2S |
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1-(3-溴-4-甲基苯基磺酰)哌啶 | 1-(3-Bromo-4-methylphenylsulfonyl)piperidine | 850429-73-1 | C12H16BrNO2S |
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1-(3-溴-4-甲基苯基磺酰)吡咯啉 | 1-(3-Bromo-4-methylphenylsulfonyl)pyrrolidine | 850429-75-3 | C11H14BrNO2S |
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1-(3-溴-4-甲基苯基磺酰)吗啉 | 4-((3-Bromo-4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl)morpholine | 850429-74-2 | C11H14BrNO3S |
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1-(2-胍乙基)氮杂环辛烷硫酸盐 | Guanethidine sulfate | 60-02-6 | 2C10H22N4*H2O4S |
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1-(2-溴苯基磺酰)吡咯啉 | 1-((2-bromophenyl)sulfonyl)pyrrolidine | 929000-58-8 | C10H12BrNO2S |
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1-(2-氯乙基)-1-亚硝基-3-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-三羟基-6-甲氧基-氧杂己环-2-基]甲基]脲 | Ranimustine | 58994-96-0 | C10H18ClN3O7 |
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1-(2-乙氧基乙基)-2-(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)苯并咪唑富马酸盐 | emedastine difumarate | 87233-62-3 | 2C4H4O4*C17H26N4O |
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1-((1-苯基环己基)乙酰基)-4-(2-苯基乙基)-哌嗪与L-抗坏血酸的化合物 | N-Phenethyl N'-(phenyl-1 cyclohexyl-acetyl)piperazine ascorbate [French] | 36431-82-0 | C32H42N2O7 |
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1,8-二羟基蒽醌 | 1,8-dihydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione | 117-10-2 | C14H8O4 |
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1,4-双(三氯甲基)苯 | 1,4-bis(trichloromethyl)benzene | 68-36-0 | C8H4Cl6 |
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1,4-二羟基-2-甲基萘 | 2-methyl-1,4-naphthohydroquinone | 481-85-6 | C11H10O2 |
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1,4-丁烷磺内酰胺 | 1,4-butanesultam | 37441-50-2 | C4H9NO2S |
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1,3-二羟基-2-丙基吡喃己糖苷 | 2-O-β-D-glucosyl-glycerol | 10588-30-4 | C9H18O8 |
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1,3-二溴-5,5-二甲基海因 | 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione | 77-48-5 | C5H6Br2N2O2 |
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1,3-二乙酰氧-2-(乙酰氧基甲氧基)丙烷 | 2-(acetoxymethoxy)-1,3-propanediyl diacetate | 86357-13-3 | C10H16O7 |
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1,3,3-三甲基-2-硫杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷 | 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-thia-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane | 5718-74-1 | C10H18S |
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1,2-二羧基吡咯烷酸,4-羟基-1-[(4-硝基苯基)甲基]酯 | (2S,4R)-4-Hydroxy-1-(4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid | 96034-57-0 | C13H14N2O7 |
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1,2-二棕榈酰-rac-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱 | L-α-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine | 2644-64-6 | C40H80NO8P |
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1,2,5,6-四溴环辛烷 | 1,2,5,6-tetrabromocyclooctane | 3194-57-8 | C8H12Br4 |
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1,2,3,4,5,6-六-O-(3-吡啶基羰基)-D-甘露醇 | mannitol hexanicotinate | 15596-27-7 | C42H32N6O12 |
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1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶 | 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine | 79-55-0 | C10H21N |
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1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-十三氟-十四烷 | 1-perfluorohexyloctane | 133331-77-8 | C14H17F13 |
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(环丙沙星M4) | 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-7-(4-formylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | 93594-39-9 | C18H18FN3O4 |
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(氯磺酰基)乙酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-(chlorosulfonyl)acetate | 55896-93-0 | C4H7ClO4S |
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