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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

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    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Ferrous lactate 85993-25-5 C6H10FeO6
    Ferrous lactate
    —— Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate 1425-61-2 C42H88N14O36S3
    Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate
    —— Streptomycin Sulfate 3810-74-0 C42H84N14O36S3
    Streptomycin Sulfate
    —— Eromycin 3521-62-8 C52H97NO18S
    Eromycin
    —— Phytin 3615-82-5 C6H6CaMgO24P6-8
    Phytin
    —— D-Glucose, 2-amino-2-deoxy- 3416-24-8 C6H13NO5
    D-Glucose, 2-amino-2-deoxy-
    —— Blastizidin [German] 2079-00-7 C17H26N8O5
    Blastizidin [German]
    —— Oleandocetin 2751-09-9 C41H67NO15
    Oleandocetin
    —— Unii-mul7onl3Z6 1301-70-8 C8H18Fe2O12P2
    Unii-mul7onl3Z6
    —— 4-O-[(2R,3S,4R,6S)-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[[(3R,4S,5S,6R,7R,9R,11R,12R,13S,14R)-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-2,10-dioxo-oxacyclotetradec-6-yl]oxy]-6-methyloxan-3-yl] 1-O-ethyl butanedioate 1264-62-6 C43H75NO16
    4-O-[(2R,3S,4R,6S)-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[[(3R,4S,5S,6R,7R,9R,11R,12R,13S,14R)-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-2,10-dioxo-oxacyclotetradec-6-yl]oxy]-6-methyloxan-3-yl] 1-O-ethyl butanedioate
    —— Zinc Undecylenate 557-08-4 C22H38O4Zn
    Zinc Undecylenate
    —— Aminophylline 95646-60-9 C16H24N10O4
    Aminophylline
    —— Isoprenaline sulphate 6779-80-2 C22H36N2O10S
    Isoprenaline sulphate
    —— 1,1'-(Oxybis(methylene))bis(4-((hydroxyimino)methyl)pyridin-1-ium) chloride 114-90-9 C14H16Cl2N4O3
    1,1'-(Oxybis(methylene))bis(4-((hydroxyimino)methyl)pyridin-1-ium) chloride
    —— Ferroheme 14875-96-8 C34H32FeN4O4
    Ferroheme
    —— Angiotensin amide 53-73-6 C49H70N14O11
    Angiotensin amide
    —— (S)-[(2R,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol;sulfuric acid 50-54-4 C40H50N4O8S
    (S)-[(2R,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol;sulfuric acid
    —— 7-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-5-(methoxymethyl)-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid 145599-86-6 C26H34FNO5
    7-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-5-(methoxymethyl)-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
    —— 7-[[2-(5-Amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-(imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 113359-04-9 C19H17N9O5S2
    7-[[2-(5-Amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-(imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— Gibberellin A7; 7-Desoxy-gibberellinsaeure 510-75-8 C19H22O5
    Gibberellin A7; 7-Desoxy-gibberellinsaeure
    —— (1R,2R,5R,8R,9S,12S)-12-hydroxy-11-methyl-6-methylidene-16-oxo-15-oxapentacyclo[9.3.2.15,8.01,10.02,8]heptadec-13-ene-9-carboxylic acid 510-75-8 C19H22O5
    (1R,2R,5R,8R,9S,12S)-12-hydroxy-11-methyl-6-methylidene-16-oxo-15-oxapentacyclo[9.3.2.15,8.01,10.02,8]heptadec-13-ene-9-carboxylic acid
    —— gibberellin A<sub>7</sub> 510-75-8 C19H22O5
    gibberellin A<sub>7</sub>
    —— Siccanin 22733-60-4 C22H30O3
    Siccanin
    —— (6<i>R</i>)-7<i>t</i>-amino-8-oxo-(6<i>r</i><i>H</i>)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 36923-17-8 C7H8N2O3S
    (6<i>R</i>)-7<i>t</i>-amino-8-oxo-(6<i>r</i><i>H</i>)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— Betahistine mesilate 54856-23-4 C10H20N2O6S2
    Betahistine mesilate
    —— Toosendanin 58812-37-6 C30H38O11
    Toosendanin
    —— 6,17-Dimethyl-6-dehydro-progesteron 977-79-7 C23H32O2
    6,17-Dimethyl-6-dehydro-progesteron
    —— Dihydro-tachysterol(2) 67-96-9 C28H46O
    Dihydro-tachysterol(2)
    —— 4-Methyl-3-[2-[7a-methyl-1-((E)-1,4,5-trimethyl-hex-2-enyl)-octahydro-inden-(4E)-ylidene]-eth-(E)-ylidene]-cyclohexanol 67-96-9 C28H46O
    4-Methyl-3-[2-[7a-methyl-1-((E)-1,4,5-trimethyl-hex-2-enyl)-octahydro-inden-(4E)-ylidene]-eth-(E)-ylidene]-cyclohexanol
    —— Dibenzheptropine 604-51-3 C23H27NO
    Dibenzheptropine
    —— 9-{(S)-2-[((R)-{[(R)-1-(isopropoxycarbonyl)ethyl]amino}phenoxyphosphoryl)methanoxy]propyl}adenine 379270-37-8 C21H29N6O5P
    9-{(S)-2-[((R)-{[(R)-1-(isopropoxycarbonyl)ethyl]amino}phenoxyphosphoryl)methanoxy]propyl}adenine
    —— Fluorescein Sodium 518-47-8 C20H12O5*Na
    Fluorescein Sodium
    —— sodium sulfamerazine 127-58-2 C11H11N4O2S*Na
    sodium sulfamerazine
    —— (+)-halofuginone 7695-84-3 C16H17BrClN3O3
    (+)-halofuginone
    —— sodium salt of esomeprasole 161796-78-7 C17H19N3O3S*Na
    sodium salt of esomeprasole
    —— [4-methoxy-3-(morpholin-4-ylsulphonyl)phenyl]boronic acid 871333-02-7 C11H16BNO6S
    [4-methoxy-3-(morpholin-4-ylsulphonyl)phenyl]boronic acid
    —— N-hydroxy-2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carbonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6-carboxamide 1259296-46-2 C16H17N3O3
    N-hydroxy-2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carbonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6-carboxamide
    —— noretynodrel 68-23-5 C20H26O2
    noretynodrel
    —— Orgasteron acetate 6157-87-5 C21H30O3
    Orgasteron acetate
    —— (2R,3S,4R,5R,8S,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(Dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one 83905-01-5 C38H72N2O12
    (2R,3S,4R,5R,8S,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(Dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one
    —— Sodium; (3R,4S)-4-{(2S,5R,8R,9S)-2-[(2S,3'S)-2-ethyl-5'-((3S,5R,6R)-6-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-3'-methyl-octahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-5-yl]-9-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-1,6-dioxa-spiro[4.5]dec-7-yl}-3-methoxy-2-methyl-pentanoate 22373-78-0 C36H61O11*Na
    Sodium; (3R,4S)-4-{(2S,5R,8R,9S)-2-[(2S,3'S)-2-ethyl-5'-((3S,5R,6R)-6-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-3'-methyl-octahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-5-yl]-9-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-1,6-dioxa-spiro[4.5]dec-7-yl}-3-methoxy-2-methyl-pentanoate
    —— Monensin sodium salt 22373-78-0 C36H61O11*Na
    Monensin sodium salt
    —— furoxime 64544-07-6 C20H22N4O10S
    furoxime
    —— (-)-huperzine A 102518-79-6 C15H18N2O
    (-)-huperzine A
    —— (+)-sparteine 90-39-1 C15H26N2
    (+)-sparteine
    —— decanoyl-Trp-D-Asn-Asp-Thr(1)-Gly-Orn-Asp-D-Ala-Asp-Gly-D-Ser-Glu(3S-Me)-Asp(Ph(2-NH2))-(1) 103060-53-3 C72H101N17O26
    decanoyl-Trp-D-Asn-Asp-Thr(1)-Gly-Orn-Asp-D-Ala-Asp-Gly-D-Ser-Glu(3S-Me)-Asp(Ph(2-NH2))-(1)
    —— 7A-Methyl-19-nortestosterone 3764-87-2 C19H28O2
    7A-Methyl-19-nortestosterone
    —— 5-amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-[4,6-diamino-2-[4-[3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxyoxane-3,4-diol;sulfuric acid 1405-10-3 C23H48N6O17S
    5-amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-[4,6-diamino-2-[4-[3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxyoxane-3,4-diol;sulfuric acid
    —— Carminomycin I 50935-04-1 C26H27NO10
    Carminomycin I
    —— cis-(Z)-flupentixol dihydrochloride 51529-01-2 C23H25F3N2OS*2ClH
    cis-(Z)-flupentixol dihydrochloride