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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Sodium 1-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)propan-2-olate 17603-42-8 C3H8NaO6P
    Sodium 1-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)propan-2-olate
    —— Thiostrepton 1 1393-48-2 C72H85N19O18S5
    Thiostrepton 1
    —— (2R,3R,6R,7S,8S,9R,10S,12R,13S,15R,17S)-9-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3-ethyl-2,10-dihydroxy-7-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-15-(2-methoxyethoxymethyl)-2,6,8,10,12,17-hexamethyl-4,16-dioxa-14-azabicyclo[11.3.1]heptadecan-5-one 62013-04-1 C42H78N2O14
    (2R,3R,6R,7S,8S,9R,10S,12R,13S,15R,17S)-9-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3-ethyl-2,10-dihydroxy-7-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-15-(2-methoxyethoxymethyl)-2,6,8,10,12,17-hexamethyl-4,16-dioxa-14-azabicyclo[11.3.1]heptadecan-5-one
    —— Formacidine 8025-81-8 C43H74N2O14
    Formacidine
    —— 5-Thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid,7-[[2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-4-carboxy-1-oxo-2-butenyl]amino]-8-oxo-,hydrate, [6R-[6a,7b(Z)]]- 118081-34-8 C15H16N4O7S2
    5-Thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid,7-[[2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-4-carboxy-1-oxo-2-butenyl]amino]-8-oxo-,hydrate, [6R-[6a,7b(Z)]]-
    —— 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;hydron;N,N,2-trimethyl-3-phenothiazin-10-ylpropan-1-amine 1175-88-8 C4H6O6*2C18H22N2S*2H
    2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;hydron;N,N,2-trimethyl-3-phenothiazin-10-ylpropan-1-amine
    —— Ionomycin 56092-81-0 C41H72O9
    Ionomycin
    —— [[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [(2S,3R,4S,5S)-5-(3-carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphate 53-84-9 C21H27N7O14P2
    [[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [(2S,3R,4S,5S)-5-(3-carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphate
    —— Natacyn (TN) 7681-93-8 C33H47NO13
    Natacyn (TN)
    —— N-(3-benzyl-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl)-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide;21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),6,12,17,19,25(28)-hexaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone 11006-76-1 C71H84N10O17
    N-(3-benzyl-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl)-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide;21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),6,12,17,19,25(28)-hexaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone
    —— Disodium;7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(2-methyl-6-oxido-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 74578-69-1 C18H16N8Na2O7S3
    Disodium;7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(2-methyl-6-oxido-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— 7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-(6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;hydrogen sulfate 98753-19-6 C22H24N6O9S3
    7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-(6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;hydrogen sulfate
    —— methyl N-[1-[(2S)-2-[5-[4-[4-[2-[(2S)-1-[2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-5-yl]phenyl]phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamate;dihydrochloride 1009119-65-6 C40H52Cl2N8O6
    methyl N-[1-[(2S)-2-[5-[4-[4-[2-[(2S)-1-[2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-5-yl]phenyl]phenyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamate;dihydrochloride
    —— N2-(2-ethoxy-4-(4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)-6-methyl-N8-neopentylpyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine-2,8-diamine 1578245-44-9 C24H30N8O
    N2-(2-ethoxy-4-(4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)-6-methyl-N8-neopentylpyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine-2,8-diamine
    —— Hydrotalcite 12304-65-3 CH24Al2Mg6O24-2
    Hydrotalcite
    —— Rifomycin O 14487-05-9 C39H47NO14
    Rifomycin O
    —— Dihydroxyaluminium aminoacetate 41354-48-7 C2H8AlNO5
    Dihydroxyaluminium aminoacetate
    —— Homatropine Methylbromide; (1R,3r,5S)-3-[[(2RS)-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl]oxy]-8,8-dimethyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octane bromide 80-49-9 C17H24BrNO3
    Homatropine Methylbromide; (1R,3r,5S)-3-[[(2RS)-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl]oxy]-8,8-dimethyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octane bromide
    —— 2-[[1-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[[2-carboxy-8-oxo-3-(pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-7-yl]amino]-2-oxoethylidene]amino]oxy-2-methylpropanoate;pentahydrate 78439-06-2 C22H32N6O12S2
    2-[[1-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[[2-carboxy-8-oxo-3-(pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-7-yl]amino]-2-oxoethylidene]amino]oxy-2-methylpropanoate;pentahydrate
    —— 2-Pyridinepropanamine, gamma-(4-bromophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, (2Z)-2-butenedioate (1:1) 980-71-2 C20H25BrN2O4
    2-Pyridinepropanamine, gamma-(4-bromophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, (2Z)-2-butenedioate (1:1)
    —— Azanium;2-[6-[1-[2-[5-[3-(4,5-dimethoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-5-(6-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyloxan-2-yl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-1,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]ethyl]-2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-3-methyloxan-2-yl]acetate 84878-61-5 C47H83NO17
    Azanium;2-[6-[1-[2-[5-[3-(4,5-dimethoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-5-(6-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyloxan-2-yl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-1,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]ethyl]-2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-3-methyloxan-2-yl]acetate
    —— (E)-roxithromycin 80214-83-1 C41H76N2O15
    (E)-roxithromycin
    —— methyl (1R,10S,12R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13S,17S)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate;sulfuric acid 143-67-9 C46H58N4O9.H2O4S
    methyl (1R,10S,12R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13S,17S)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate;sulfuric acid
    —— 95193-35-4 MgOSi
    —— (2-Chlorophenyl)methyl-[2-[[2-[2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl-diethylazaniumyl]ethylamino]-2-oxoacetyl]amino]ethyl]-diethylazanium;chloride 115-79-7 C28H42Cl3N4O2+
    (2-Chlorophenyl)methyl-[2-[[2-[2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl-diethylazaniumyl]ethylamino]-2-oxoacetyl]amino]ethyl]-diethylazanium;chloride
    —— 2-[2-[Carboxylatomethyl-[2-[carboxylatomethyl(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]-3-phenylmethoxypropanoate;gadolinium(3+);6-(methylamino)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol 113662-23-0 C36H62GdN5O21
    2-[2-[Carboxylatomethyl-[2-[carboxylatomethyl(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]-3-phenylmethoxypropanoate;gadolinium(3+);6-(methylamino)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol
    —— Sodium;6-[[22-[(3-acetyloxy-2-methylbutanoyl)oxymethyl]-21-hydroxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4,8,12,19,19-hexamethyl-23-oxahexacyclo[18.2.1.03,16.04,13.07,12.017,22]tricos-15-en-9-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 20977-05-3 C54H84NaO23+
    Sodium;6-[[22-[(3-acetyloxy-2-methylbutanoyl)oxymethyl]-21-hydroxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4,8,12,19,19-hexamethyl-23-oxahexacyclo[18.2.1.03,16.04,13.07,12.017,22]tricos-15-en-9-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— Cozaar 124750-99-8 C22H22ClN6O-
    Cozaar
    —— (1E)-2-[6-[[Amino-[(E)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine;(2S,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid 18472-51-0 C34H54Cl2N10O14
    (1E)-2-[6-[[Amino-[(E)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine;(2S,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
    —— 7-[[2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-[(Z)-prop-1-enyl]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 121123-17-9 C18H19N3O5S
    7-[[2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-[(Z)-prop-1-enyl]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— Homatropine methylbromide 80-49-9 C17H24BrNO3
    Homatropine methylbromide
    —— Bacitracin A 1405-87-4 C66H103N17O16S
    Bacitracin A
    —— 7-Amino-3-(methoxymethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid 24701-69-7 C9H12N2O4S
    7-Amino-3-(methoxymethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid
    —— Lodoxamide Tromethamine 63610-09-3 C19H28ClN5O12
    Lodoxamide Tromethamine
    —— (4R,6S,8R,9Z,11E)-16-chloro-17,19-dihydroxy-4-methyl-3,7-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.06,8]nonadeca-1(15),9,11,16,18-pentaene-2,13-dione 12772-57-5 C18H17ClO6
    (4R,6S,8R,9Z,11E)-16-chloro-17,19-dihydroxy-4-methyl-3,7-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.06,8]nonadeca-1(15),9,11,16,18-pentaene-2,13-dione
    —— [(1R,5R)-8-methyl-8-propan-2-yl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;bromide 22254-24-6 C20H30BrNO3
    [(1R,5R)-8-methyl-8-propan-2-yl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;bromide
    —— Lapatinib Ditosylate 388082-78-8 C43H44ClFN4O11S3
    Lapatinib Ditosylate
    —— pipemidic acid trihydrate 72571-82-5 C14H17N5O3*3H2O
    pipemidic acid trihydrate
    —— Vinorelbine Tartrate 125317-39-7 C53H66N4O20
    Vinorelbine Tartrate
    —— 7β-[2-(2-amino-4-thiazoIyl)-2-(Z-hydroxyimino)acetamido]-3-vinyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid 91832-40-5 C14H13N5O5S2
    7β-[2-(2-amino-4-thiazoIyl)-2-(Z-hydroxyimino)acetamido]-3-vinyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid
    —— 1ξ-oxo-6β-(2-phenyl-acetylamino)-1λ<sup>4</sup>-penicillanic acid 4-methoxy-benzyl ester 30034-13-0 C24H26N2O6S
    1ξ-oxo-6β-(2-phenyl-acetylamino)-1λ<sup>4</sup>-penicillanic acid 4-methoxy-benzyl ester
    —— strychnine hyudrochloride 1421-86-9 C21H22N2O2*ClH
    strychnine hyudrochloride
    —— (+)-Pantothenic acid, calcium salt 137-08-6 C9H17CaNO5+2
    (+)-Pantothenic acid, calcium salt
    —— diphenylmethyl 7-amino-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 36923-21-4 C20H18N2O3S
    diphenylmethyl 7-amino-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— Monocrotaline 315-22-0 C16H23NO6
    Monocrotaline
    —— Encephabol 60479-98-3 C16H24Cl2N2O5S2
    Encephabol
    —— (1R,2R,3E,7S,11E,13R,15S)-2,15-dihydroxy-7-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[11.3.0]hexadeca-3,11-dien-5-one 20350-15-6 C16H24O4
    (1R,2R,3E,7S,11E,13R,15S)-2,15-dihydroxy-7-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[11.3.0]hexadeca-3,11-dien-5-one
    —— Phenoxymethylpenicillin benzathine 2113728-41-7 C48H64N6O14S2
    Phenoxymethylpenicillin benzathine
    —— fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate 3012-71-3 C21H11NO5S
    fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
    —— Methyl (1R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13S)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-8-formyl-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate;sulfuric acid 2068-78-2 C46H58N4O14S
    Methyl (1R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13S)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-8-formyl-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate;sulfuric acid