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原料药

原料药,通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂,才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此,我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

根据来源不同,原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物(个别为元素),例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等;而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料,通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物,如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的,属于生物化学范畴;近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中,有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高,是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量,因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— nystatin 1400-61-9 C47H75NO17
nystatin
—— cilnidipine 132203-70-4 C27H28N2O7
cilnidipine
—— potassium hydrogencarbonate 298-14-6 CHO3*K
potassium hydrogencarbonate
—— sparfloxacin 110871-86-8 C19H22F2N4O3
sparfloxacin
—— cataflam 15307-81-0 C14H10Cl2NO2*K
cataflam
—— 2-(7-chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-3-(5-methyl-2-oxohexyl)-3H-isoindol-1-one 133737-32-3 C23H22ClN3O2
2-(7-chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-3-(5-methyl-2-oxohexyl)-3H-isoindol-1-one
—— Levonorgestrel 797-63-7 C21H28O2
Levonorgestrel
—— norelgestromin 74183-55-4 C21H29NO2
norelgestromin
—— norgestrel 797-63-7 C21H28O2
norgestrel
—— levonorgestrel 797-63-7 C21H28O2
levonorgestrel
—— 17β-Heptanoyloxy-androsten-(4)-on-(3) 315-37-7 C26H40O3
17β-Heptanoyloxy-androsten-(4)-on-(3)
—— 19-Nortestosterondecanoat 360-70-3 C28H44O3
19-Nortestosterondecanoat
—— ceftriaxone 104376-79-6 C18H18N8O7S3
ceftriaxone
—— calcium 7440-70-2 Ca
calcium
—— sulfasalazine 599-79-1 C18H14N4O5S
sulfasalazine
—— Fosaprepitant dimeglumine 265121-04-8 2C7H17NO5*C23H22F7N4O6P
Fosaprepitant dimeglumine
—— dehydroepiandrosterone 53-43-0 C19H28O2
dehydroepiandrosterone
—— tetracycline 60-54-8 C22H24N2O8
tetracycline
—— 3-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-25(S)-spirost-5-en-3β-ol 19057-60-4 C45H72O16
3-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-25(S)-spirost-5-en-3β-ol
—— Dioscin 19057-60-4 C45H72O16
Dioscin
—— cefoxitin sodium 33564-30-6 C16H16N3O7S2*Na
cefoxitin sodium
—— sodium cephalothin 58-71-9 C16H15N2O6S2*Na
sodium cephalothin
—— 17-hydroxy-(8α,17β<i>H</i>)-19-nor-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one 68-22-4 C20H26O2
17-hydroxy-(8α,17β<i>H</i>)-19-nor-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one
—— 11β-Hydroxy-3.20-dioxo-Δ<sup>1,4</sup>-pregnadien<17α.16α-d><2'-methyl-oxazolin> 13649-88-2 C23H29NO4
11β-Hydroxy-3.20-dioxo-Δ<sup>1,4</sup>-pregnadien<17α.16α-d><2'-methyl-oxazolin>
—— 17-hydroxy-(17β<i>H</i>)-19-nor-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one 68-22-4 C20H26O2
17-hydroxy-(17β<i>H</i>)-19-nor-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one
—— 17α-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone 68-22-4 C20H26O2
17α-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone
—— tandospirone 87760-53-0 C21H29N5O2
tandospirone
—— fenoprofen calcium dihydrate 71720-56-4 2C15H13O3*Ca*2H2O
fenoprofen calcium dihydrate
—— sodium p-aminosalicylate 133-10-8 C7H6NO3*Na
sodium p-aminosalicylate
—— cantharidin 56-25-7 C10H12O4
cantharidin
—— sodium saccharinate dihydrate 6155-57-3 C7H4NO3S*2H2O*Na
sodium saccharinate dihydrate
—— Antipodal 8-iso-4-estren-17β-ol-3-on 434-22-0 C18H26O2
Antipodal 8-iso-4-estren-17β-ol-3-on
—— <i>rac</i>-17β-hydroxy-estr-4-en-3-one 434-22-0 C18H26O2
<i>rac</i>-17β-hydroxy-estr-4-en-3-one
—— <i>rac</i>-17β-hydroxy-(8α)-estr-4-en-3-one 434-22-0 C18H26O2
<i>rac</i>-17β-hydroxy-(8α)-estr-4-en-3-one
—— (13S,17S)-17-Hydroxy-13-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 434-22-0 C18H26O2
(13S,17S)-17-Hydroxy-13-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
—— prednisone 53-03-2 C21H26O5
prednisone
—— adenosylcob(III)alamin 13870-90-1 C72H100CoN18O17P
adenosylcob(III)alamin
—— Lanatosid C 17575-22-3 C49H76O20
Lanatosid C
—— phenethicillin potassium 132-93-4 C17H19N2O5S*K
phenethicillin potassium
—— Testosterondecanoat 5721-91-5 C29H46O3
Testosterondecanoat
—— (6S)-tetrahydrofolic acid 135-16-0 C19H23N7O6
(6S)-tetrahydrofolic acid
—— sodium;2-[[2-[4-(3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoylamino]acetyl]amino]ethanesulfonate 41945-48-6 C28H47N2NaO8S
sodium;2-[[2-[4-(3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoylamino]acetyl]amino]ethanesulfonate
—— (4S,5R,8S,9R,10S,12R)-10-methoxy-1,5,9-trimethyl-11,14,15,16-tetraoxatetracyclo[10.3.1.04,13.08,13]hexadecane 71963-77-4 C16H26O5
(4S,5R,8S,9R,10S,12R)-10-methoxy-1,5,9-trimethyl-11,14,15,16-tetraoxatetracyclo[10.3.1.04,13.08,13]hexadecane
—— leucovorin, calcium salt 1492-18-8 C20H21N7O7*Ca
leucovorin, calcium salt
—— Leucovorin Calcium 6035-45-6 C20H21N7O7*Ca
Leucovorin Calcium
—— 3-oxoandrost-4-en-17α-yl decanoate 5721-91-5 C29H46O3
3-oxoandrost-4-en-17α-yl decanoate
—— (+/-)-epi-picropodophyllin 477-47-4 C22H22O8
(+/-)-epi-picropodophyllin
—— sodium benzoate 532-32-1 C7H5NaO2
sodium benzoate
—— toxogonin 114-90-9 C14H16N4O3*2Cl
toxogonin
—— vinblastine sulfate 865-21-4 C46H58N4O9*H2O4S
vinblastine sulfate