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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Tobramycin Sulfate 49842-07-1 C36H84N10O38S5
    Tobramycin Sulfate
    —— (1'R,2R,3S,4'S,6S,8'R,10'E,12'S,13'S,14'E,16'E,20'R,21'R,24'S)-2-cyclohexyl-21',24'-dihydroxy-12'-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-5-[(2S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,11',13',22'-tetramethylspiro[2,3-dihydropyran-6,6'-3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene]-2'-one 117704-25-3 C50H74O14
    (1'R,2R,3S,4'S,6S,8'R,10'E,12'S,13'S,14'E,16'E,20'R,21'R,24'S)-2-cyclohexyl-21',24'-dihydroxy-12'-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-5-[(2S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,11',13',22'-tetramethylspiro[2,3-dihydropyran-6,6'-3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene]-2'-one
    —— L(-)-Norepinephrine bitartrate 51-40-1 C12H17NO9
    L(-)-Norepinephrine bitartrate
    —— Carvedilol Phosphate 610309-89-2 C48H60N4O17P2
    Carvedilol Phosphate
    —— Sdccgsbi-0050008.P002 145-42-6 C26H44NNaO7S
    Sdccgsbi-0050008.P002
    —— (9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl) (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;hydrobromide 114-49-8 C17H22BrNO4
    (9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl) (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;hydrobromide
    —— hygromycin B 31282-04-9 C20H37N3O13
    hygromycin B
    —— (2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;1-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol 56392-17-7 C34H56N2O12
    (2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;1-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol
    —— ivermectin 70288-86-7 C48H74O14
    ivermectin
    —— Iron,7,12,17-tetramethyl-8,13-divinyl-2,18-porphinedipropionato(2-)]- 14875-96-8 C34H32FeN4O4
    Iron,7,12,17-tetramethyl-8,13-divinyl-2,18-porphinedipropionato(2-)]-
    —— [(1R,2S,4S,5S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl] (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate 51-34-3 C17H21NO4
    [(1R,2S,4S,5S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl] (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate
    —— Pituitrin 11000-17-2 C92H130N28O24S4
    Pituitrin
    —— Amebacilin;NSC9168 23110-15-8 C26H34O7
    Amebacilin;NSC9168
    —— Lobron 90-69-7 C22H27NO2
    Lobron
    —— (10R)-1,8-Dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-10-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-10H-anthracen-9-one 8015-61-0 C21H22O9
    (10R)-1,8-Dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-10-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-10H-anthracen-9-one
    —— (2S,4R)-N-[(1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1-[(2R,3R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(methylsulfanyl)oxan-2-yl]propyl]-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride 859-18-7 C18H35ClN2O6S
    (2S,4R)-N-[(1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1-[(2R,3R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(methylsulfanyl)oxan-2-yl]propyl]-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride
    —— Oryzanol A 11042-64-1 C40H58O4
    Oryzanol A
    —— monensin sodium salt 22373-78-0 C36H61O11*Na
    monensin sodium salt
    —— Lithocholsaeure 434-13-9 C24H40O3
    Lithocholsaeure
    —— Lithocholsaeure (3α) 434-13-9 C24H40O3
    Lithocholsaeure (3α)
    —— 3α-hydroxy-5β,14α,17β-cholanic acid 434-13-9 C24H40O3
    3α-hydroxy-5β,14α,17β-cholanic acid
    —— <i>cis</i>-stilbene-dicarboxamidine-(4.4') 122-06-5 C16H16N4
    <i>cis</i>-stilbene-dicarboxamidine-(4.4')
    —— 4-amino-1-(2R-hydroxymethyl-[1,3]oxathiolan-5S-yl)-1H-pyrimidin-2-one salicylate 173522-96-8 C15H15N3O5S
    4-amino-1-(2R-hydroxymethyl-[1,3]oxathiolan-5S-yl)-1H-pyrimidin-2-one salicylate
    —— 3-amino-<i>O</i><sup>1</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>4</sup>-didehydro-rifamycin 51756-80-0 C37H46N2O12
    3-amino-<i>O</i><sup>1</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>4</sup>-didehydro-rifamycin
    —— boldenone 846-48-0 C19H26O2
    boldenone
    —— 17β-hydroxy-androsta-1,4-dien-3-one 846-48-0 C19H26O2
    17β-hydroxy-androsta-1,4-dien-3-one
    —— 17β-hydroxy-(10α)-androsta-1,4-dien-3-one 846-48-0 C19H26O2
    17β-hydroxy-(10α)-androsta-1,4-dien-3-one
    —— Fostriecin 87860-39-7 C19H26O9P*Na
    Fostriecin
    —— (6<i>R</i>)-7<i>t</i>-[2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(<i>Z</i>)-methoxyimino-acetylamino]-8-oxo-3-(1-methyl-1<i>H</i>-tetrazol-5-ylsulfanylmethyl)-(6<i>r</i><i>H</i>)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 65085-01-0 C16H17N9O5S3
    (6<i>R</i>)-7<i>t</i>-[2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(<i>Z</i>)-methoxyimino-acetylamino]-8-oxo-3-(1-methyl-1<i>H</i>-tetrazol-5-ylsulfanylmethyl)-(6<i>r</i><i>H</i>)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (+/-)-trans-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one 27068-88-8 C16H15NO3S
    (+/-)-trans-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one
    —— 7-aminoceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid ester 36923-17-8 C7H8N2O3S
    7-aminoceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid ester
    —— anhydrous (R,S)-7-(3-aminomethyl-4-methoxyiminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid 210353-54-1 C18H20FN5O4
    anhydrous (R,S)-7-(3-aminomethyl-4-methoxyiminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid
    —— Trestolone 3764-87-2 C19H28O2
    Trestolone
    —— [γ-(2-ethyl-phenothiazin-10-yl)-isobutyl]-dimethyl-amine 523-54-6 C20H26N2S
    [γ-(2-ethyl-phenothiazin-10-yl)-isobutyl]-dimethyl-amine
    —— (6S,7R)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 68401-81-0 C13H13N5O5S2
    (6S,7R)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 3-aminorifamycin S 51756-80-0 C37H46N2O12
    3-aminorifamycin S
    —— 1-[(2S,3S,4R,5S)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-YL]-5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione 3094-09-5 C9H11FN2O5
    1-[(2S,3S,4R,5S)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-YL]-5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
    —— 11β,17β-Dihydroxy-androst-4-en-3-on 1816-85-9 C19H28O3
    11β,17β-Dihydroxy-androst-4-en-3-on
    —— 2-[(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,11E,13E,15R,16R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-16-ethyl-4-hydroxy-15-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-5,9,13-trimethyl-2,10-dioxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde 1401-69-0 C46H77NO17
    2-[(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,11E,13E,15R,16R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-16-ethyl-4-hydroxy-15-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-5,9,13-trimethyl-2,10-dioxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde
    —— (-)-huperzine A 102518-79-6 C15H18N2O
    (-)-huperzine A
    —— 1,4-Bis(dihydroquinine)anthraquinoneanthraquinone 176097-24-8 C54H56N4O6
    1,4-Bis(dihydroquinine)anthraquinoneanthraquinone
    —— Quercetin 3-O-rhamnosyl-(1->2)-rhamnosyl-(1->6)-glucoside 32453-37-5 C33H40O20
    Quercetin 3-O-rhamnosyl-(1->2)-rhamnosyl-(1->6)-glucoside
    —— Levalbuterol Tartrate 661464-94-4 C30H48N2O12
    Levalbuterol Tartrate
    —— 1,2-O-trichloroethylidene-α-D-galactofuranose 15879-93-3 C8H11Cl3O6
    1,2-O-trichloroethylidene-α-D-galactofuranose
    —— rosaramicin 35834-26-5 C31H51NO9
    rosaramicin
    —— Sisomicin,(S) 53179-09-2 C19H37N5O7
    Sisomicin,(S)
    —— (S)-[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-piperidin-2-ylmethanol 53230-10-7 C17H16F6N2O
    (S)-[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-piperidin-2-ylmethanol
    —— 5-Thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-, (6R,7R)- 63527-52-6 C16H17N5O7S2
    5-Thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-, (6R,7R)-
    —— 2'-deoxy-cytidine 951-77-9 C9H13N3O4
    2'-deoxy-cytidine
    —— (1S,3R,5S,8S,9S,12R,13S,14S)-1-Hydroxy-14-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-13-methyl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione;(1S,3R,5S,8S,9S,12R,13S,14R)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione 124-87-8 C30H34O13
    (1S,3R,5S,8S,9S,12R,13S,14S)-1-Hydroxy-14-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-13-methyl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione;(1S,3R,5S,8S,9S,12R,13S,14R)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione