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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 64953-12-4 C20H20N6NaO9S
    —— 6381-77-7 C6H8NaO6
    —— Disodium 2-[(2-carboxylatophenyl)amino]-4-chlorobenzoate 64808-48-6 C14H10ClNNaO4
    Disodium 2-[(2-carboxylatophenyl)amino]-4-chlorobenzoate
    —— Quinine hemisulfate monohydrate 6119-70-6 C40H52N4O9S
    Quinine hemisulfate monohydrate
    —— Canertinib dihydrochloride 289499-45-2 C24H25ClFN5O3*2ClH
    Canertinib dihydrochloride
    —— 58-dihydroxy-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-4-methylpent-3-enyl]naphthalene-14-dione 23444-65-7 C16H16O5
    58-dihydroxy-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-4-methylpent-3-enyl]naphthalene-14-dione
    —— (3S)-2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-3-(5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol 137234-62-9 C16H14F3N5O
    (3S)-2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-3-(5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol
    —— Parterol 67-96-9 C28H46O
    Parterol
    —— (1R,3R,5S,8S,9R,12S,13R,14R)-1-hydroxy-14-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-13-methyl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione;1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione 124-87-8 C15H18O7.C15H16O6
    (1R,3R,5S,8S,9R,12S,13R,14R)-1-hydroxy-14-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-13-methyl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione;1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione
    —— Cycrin 71-58-9 C24H34O4
    Cycrin
    —— (8S,9S,10R,11S,13S,14S,17R)-11-hydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl butyrate 13609-67-1 C25H36O6
    (8S,9S,10R,11S,13S,14S,17R)-11-hydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl butyrate
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2E)-2-[7a-methyl-1-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexane-1,3-diol 41294-56-8 C27H44O2
    (5Z)-5-[(2E)-2-[7a-methyl-1-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexane-1,3-diol
    —— (2S,3S,4S,6S)-3-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(methylamino)-29-oxa-1,7,17-triazaoctacyclo[12.12.2.12,6.07,28.08,13.015,19.020,27.021,26]nonacosa-8,10,12,14,19,21,23,25,27-nonaen-16-one 62996-74-1 C28H26N4O3
    (2S,3S,4S,6S)-3-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(methylamino)-29-oxa-1,7,17-triazaoctacyclo[12.12.2.12,6.07,28.08,13.015,19.020,27.021,26]nonacosa-8,10,12,14,19,21,23,25,27-nonaen-16-one
    —— Fradiomycin B (sulfate); Neomycin B (sulfate) 1405-10-3 C23H52N6O25S3
    Fradiomycin B (sulfate); Neomycin B (sulfate)
    —— (1E)-2-[6-[[amino-[(Z)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid 18472-51-0 C34H54Cl2N10O14
    (1E)-2-[6-[[amino-[(Z)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
    —— ICI 80996 sodium salt 55028-72-3 C22H28ClNaO6
    ICI 80996 sodium salt
    —— (2S)-2,5-Diamino-N-[[(2S,5S,8Z,11S,15S)-15-amino-11-(2-amino-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl)-8-[(carbamoylamino)methylidene]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6,9,12,16-pentaoxo-1,4,7,10,13-pentazacyclohexadec-5-yl]methyl]pentanamide;sulfuric acid 1405-37-4 C24H44N14O12S
    (2S)-2,5-Diamino-N-[[(2S,5S,8Z,11S,15S)-15-amino-11-(2-amino-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl)-8-[(carbamoylamino)methylidene]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6,9,12,16-pentaoxo-1,4,7,10,13-pentazacyclohexadec-5-yl]methyl]pentanamide;sulfuric acid
    —— Van-Pen-G 113-98-4 C16H18KN2O4S+
    Van-Pen-G
    —— Colistina 1066-17-7 C52H98N16O13
    Colistina
    —— Pharmakon1600-01506152 551-92-8 C5H8N3O2+
    Pharmakon1600-01506152
    —— sodium;7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1H-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 104376-79-6 C18H17N8NaO7S3
    sodium;7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1H-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— 3-(4-Isobutyl-1-piperazinyl)-rifamycin SV 57184-22-2 C45H63N3O12
    3-(4-Isobutyl-1-piperazinyl)-rifamycin SV
    —— 3,20-Dioxo-17α-methyl-19-norpregna-4,9-dien 10116-22-0 C21H28O2
    3,20-Dioxo-17α-methyl-19-norpregna-4,9-dien
    —— Ala-Gly-c(Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys)-OH 51110-01-1 C76H104N18O19S2
    Ala-Gly-c(Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys)-OH
    —— Indolocarbazole nitrogen derivative 62996-74-1 C28H26N4O3
    Indolocarbazole nitrogen derivative
    —— (7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(2-carboxypropan-2-yloxyimino)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-(pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 72558-82-8 C22H22N6O7S2
    (7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(2-carboxypropan-2-yloxyimino)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-(pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— (RA)/17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin 12772-57-5 C18H17ClO6
    (RA)/17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin
    —— (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one 83905-01-5 C38H72N2O12
    (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one
    —— (6aR)-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol;chloride 41372-20-7 C17H17ClNO2-
    (6aR)-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol;chloride
    —— SRIF-D-Trp8 51110-01-1 C76H104N18O19S2
    SRIF-D-Trp8
    —— Nystatin (Fungicidin) 1400-61-9 C47H75NO17
    Nystatin (Fungicidin)
    —— ceftazidime pentahydrate 78439-06-2 C22H22N6O7S2*5H2O
    ceftazidime pentahydrate
    —— Vinorelbine Ditartarate 71486-22-1 C45H54N4O8
    Vinorelbine Ditartarate
    —— (1S,3S,5R,6R,9R,11R,15S,16R,17R,18S,19E,21E,23E,25E,27E,29E,31E,33R,35S,36R,37S)-33-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,5,6,9,11,17,37-octahydroxy-15,16,18-trimethyl-13-oxo-14,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-19,21,23,25,27,29,31-heptaene-36-carboxylic acid 1397-89-3 C47H73NO17
    (1S,3S,5R,6R,9R,11R,15S,16R,17R,18S,19E,21E,23E,25E,27E,29E,31E,33R,35S,36R,37S)-33-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,5,6,9,11,17,37-octahydroxy-15,16,18-trimethyl-13-oxo-14,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-19,21,23,25,27,29,31-heptaene-36-carboxylic acid
    —— Pharmakon1600-01502032 129-46-4 C51H40N6NaO23S6+
    Pharmakon1600-01502032
    —— Furasol hydrochloride 3759-92-0 C13H16ClN4O6-
    Furasol hydrochloride
    —— (6R,7R)-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-[[(carboxymethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-3-ethenyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]pet-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid trihydrate 125110-14-7 C16H15N5O7S2*3H2O
    (6R,7R)-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-[[(carboxymethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-3-ethenyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]pet-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid trihydrate
    —— vinorelbine D-tartrate 125317-39-7 C53H66N4O20
    vinorelbine D-tartrate
    —— Voreloxin 1393-48-2 C72H85N19O18S5
    Voreloxin
    —— Cleocin HCL Monohydrate 21462-39-5 C18H34Cl2N2O5S
    Cleocin HCL Monohydrate
    —— [(4S,5R)-6-[2-chloro-1-[[(2S,4R)-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methylsulfanyloxan-3-yl] dihydrogen phosphate 24729-96-2 C18H34ClN2O8PS
    [(4S,5R)-6-[2-chloro-1-[[(2S,4R)-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methylsulfanyloxan-3-yl] dihydrogen phosphate
    —— 5'-dFUrd 3094-09-5 C9H11FN2O5
    5'-dFUrd
    —— (1S,3Z)-3-[(2Z)-2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-1-[(E,2S,5R)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol 50-14-6 C28H44O
    (1S,3Z)-3-[(2Z)-2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-1-[(E,2S,5R)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol
    —— (2S,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol 507-70-0 C10H18O
    (2S,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol
    —— 4-Amino-2-hydroxybenzoic Acid Calcium Salt 133-15-3 C14H10Ca2N2O6
    4-Amino-2-hydroxybenzoic Acid Calcium Salt
    —— (1S,2S,3Z,7R,11E,13R,15R)-2,15-dihydroxy-7-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[11.3.0]hexadeca-3,11-dien-5-one 20350-15-6 C16H24O4
    (1S,2S,3Z,7R,11E,13R,15R)-2,15-dihydroxy-7-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[11.3.0]hexadeca-3,11-dien-5-one
    —— 2-[(1S,2R,3R,7R,8S,9S,10R,12R,14E,16S)-9-[(2S,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3-ethyl-7-hydroxy-2,8,12,16-tetramethyl-5,13-dioxo-4,17-dioxabicyclo[14.1.0]heptadec-14-en-10-yl]acetaldehyde 35834-26-5 C31H51NO9
    2-[(1S,2R,3R,7R,8S,9S,10R,12R,14E,16S)-9-[(2S,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3-ethyl-7-hydroxy-2,8,12,16-tetramethyl-5,13-dioxo-4,17-dioxabicyclo[14.1.0]heptadec-14-en-10-yl]acetaldehyde
    —— (4R,6S,8S,9E,11Z)-16-chloro-17,19-dihydroxy-4-methyl-3,7-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.06,8]nonadeca-1(15),9,11,16,18-pentaene-2,13-dione 12772-57-5 C18H17ClO6
    (4R,6S,8S,9E,11Z)-16-chloro-17,19-dihydroxy-4-methyl-3,7-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.06,8]nonadeca-1(15),9,11,16,18-pentaene-2,13-dione
    —— Dihydroqinghaosu, Dihydroartemisinin. 71939-50-9 C15H24O5
    Dihydroqinghaosu, Dihydroartemisinin.
    —— Disodium beta-Glycerophosphate Salt Hydrate 154804-51-0 C3H9Na2O7P
    Disodium beta-Glycerophosphate Salt Hydrate