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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (6<i>R</i>)-7<i>t</i>-[2-(3,5-dichloro-4-oxo-4<i>H</i>-pyridin-1-yl)-acetylamino]-3-(5-methyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-ylsulfanylmethyl)-8-oxo-(6<i>r</i><i>H</i>)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 56187-47-4 C18H15Cl2N5O5S3
    (6<i>R</i>)-7<i>t</i>-[2-(3,5-dichloro-4-oxo-4<i>H</i>-pyridin-1-yl)-acetylamino]-3-(5-methyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-ylsulfanylmethyl)-8-oxo-(6<i>r</i><i>H</i>)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— Betnesol 312-93-6 C22H30FO8P
    Betnesol
    —— Testosterone enanthate 315-37-7 C26H40O3
    Testosterone enanthate
    —— 21-acetoxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione 56-47-3 C23H32O4
    21-acetoxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione
    —— 6b-Glycoloyl-5-hydroxy-4a,6a-dimethyl-8-propyl-4a,4b,5,6,6a,6b,9a,10,10a,10b,11,12-dodecahydro-2H-naphtho[2',1':4,5]indeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxol-2-one 51372-29-3 C25H34O6
    6b-Glycoloyl-5-hydroxy-4a,6a-dimethyl-8-propyl-4a,4b,5,6,6a,6b,9a,10,10a,10b,11,12-dodecahydro-2H-naphtho[2',1':4,5]indeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxol-2-one
    —— Methylprednisolone 83-43-2 C22H30O5
    Methylprednisolone
    —— BREVICON 68-22-4 C20H26O2
    BREVICON
    —— Nurasin 55134-13-9 C43H72O11
    Nurasin
    —— naltrexone hydrochloride 465-65-6 C19H21NO4
    naltrexone hydrochloride
    —— Estradiol-benzoat 50-50-0 C25H28O3
    Estradiol-benzoat
    —— sterigmatocystin 10048-13-2 C18H12O6
    sterigmatocystin
    —— Antibiotic MA 144A1 57576-44-0 C42H53NO15
    Antibiotic MA 144A1
    —— 7-{[2-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino}-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 97519-39-6 C15H14N4O6S2
    7-{[2-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino}-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— erythromycin A 114-07-8 C37H67NO13
    erythromycin A
    —— 3-[18-(2-Carboxyethyl)-7,12-bis(1-hydroxyethyl)-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-21,23-dihydroporphyrin-2-yl]propanoic acid 14459-29-1 C34H38N4O6
    3-[18-(2-Carboxyethyl)-7,12-bis(1-hydroxyethyl)-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-21,23-dihydroporphyrin-2-yl]propanoic acid
    —— 4,4,6a,9-Tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,11b,13b-decahydrobenzo[a]furo[2,3,4-mn]xanthen-11-ol 22733-60-4 C22H30O3
    4,4,6a,9-Tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,11b,13b-decahydrobenzo[a]furo[2,3,4-mn]xanthen-11-ol
    —— [6-[2-Chloro-1-[(1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carbonyl)amino]propyl]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methylsulfanyloxan-3-yl] dihydrogen phosphate 24729-96-2 C18H34ClN2O8PS
    [6-[2-Chloro-1-[(1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carbonyl)amino]propyl]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methylsulfanyloxan-3-yl] dihydrogen phosphate
    —— Isepamicine 58152-03-7 C22H43N5O12
    Isepamicine
    —— pranlukast 103177-37-3 C27H23N5O4
    pranlukast
    —— 1-[2-[(3-Hydroxy-1-adamantyl)amino]acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile 1360862-63-0 C17H25N3O2
    1-[2-[(3-Hydroxy-1-adamantyl)amino]acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile
    —— 6-[2-(Diethylamino)ethylsulfonyl]-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),12,17,19,25(28)-pentaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone 112362-50-2 C34H50N4O9S
    6-[2-(Diethylamino)ethylsulfonyl]-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),12,17,19,25(28)-pentaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone
    —— cefmetazole 56796-20-4 C15H17N7O5S3
    cefmetazole
    —— sparteine 90-39-1 C15H26N2
    sparteine
    —— 7-(2-aminomethylphenylacetamido)-3-(1-carboxymethyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid 60925-61-3 C20H21N7O6S2
    7-(2-aminomethylphenylacetamido)-3-(1-carboxymethyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid
    —— Kanamycin B 4696-76-8 C18H37N5O10
    Kanamycin B
    —— Gibberellin A(7); 7-Desoxy-gibberellinsaeure 510-75-8 C19H22O5
    Gibberellin A(7); 7-Desoxy-gibberellinsaeure
    —— 6-[4-(Dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-10-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxyimino)-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecan-2-one 80214-83-1 C41H76N2O15
    6-[4-(Dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-10-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxyimino)-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecan-2-one
    —— glutathion 70-18-8 C10H17N3O6S
    glutathion
    —— Cerapp_24467 61991-54-6 C47H80O17
    Cerapp_24467
    —— 7-[[2-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-hydroxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-ethenyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 91832-40-5 C14H13N5O5S2
    7-[[2-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-hydroxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-ethenyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— dehydrotestosterone 846-48-0 C19H26O2
    dehydrotestosterone
    —— Cephacetril 10206-21-0 C13H13N3O6S
    Cephacetril
    —— progesterone 57-83-0 C21H30O2
    progesterone
    —— methyl 4-[2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-oxoethyl]-5-ethylidene-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate 32619-42-4 C25H32O13
    methyl 4-[2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-oxoethyl]-5-ethylidene-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate
    —— diethylstilbestrol 56-53-1 C18H20O2
    diethylstilbestrol
    —— cephradine 30959-67-2 C16H19N3O4S
    cephradine
    —— (6<i>R</i>)-7<i>t</i>-((<i>R</i>)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dienyl-acetylamino)-3-methoxy-8-oxo-(6<i>r</i><i>H</i>)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 51762-05-1 C16H19N3O5S
    (6<i>R</i>)-7<i>t</i>-((<i>R</i>)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dienyl-acetylamino)-3-methoxy-8-oxo-(6<i>r</i><i>H</i>)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (2',15',17'-trihydroxy-11'-methoxy-3',7',12',14',16',18',22'-heptamethyl-4,6',23',29'-tetraoxospiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,27'-8,30-dioxa-24-azatetracyclo[23.3.1.14,7.05,28]triaconta-1(28),2,4,9,19,21,25-heptaene]-13'-yl) acetate 14487-05-9 C39H47NO14
    (2',15',17'-trihydroxy-11'-methoxy-3',7',12',14',16',18',22'-heptamethyl-4,6',23',29'-tetraoxospiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,27'-8,30-dioxa-24-azatetracyclo[23.3.1.14,7.05,28]triaconta-1(28),2,4,9,19,21,25-heptaene]-13'-yl) acetate
    —— Bleomycin A5 11116-32-8 C57H89N19O21S2
    Bleomycin A5
    —— Monocrotalin 315-22-0 C16H23NO6
    Monocrotalin
    —— Carbamic acid (6-hydroxy-5,11,21-trimethoxy-3,7,9,15-tetramethyl-16,20,22-trioxo-17-azabicyclo[16.3.1]docosa-1(21),8,12,14,18-pentaen-10-yl) ester 30562-34-6 C29H40N2O9
    Carbamic acid (6-hydroxy-5,11,21-trimethoxy-3,7,9,15-tetramethyl-16,20,22-trioxo-17-azabicyclo[16.3.1]docosa-1(21),8,12,14,18-pentaen-10-yl) ester
    —— Einecs 234-275-5 11050-94-5 C45H72O12
    Einecs 234-275-5
    —— chlormadinone acetate 302-22-7 C23H29ClO4
    chlormadinone acetate
    —— Epi-doramectin 117704-25-3 C50H74O14
    Epi-doramectin
    —— ALK-001 127-47-9 C22H32O2
    ALK-001
    —— 2-Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carbonitrile, 2-[(2R)-2-amino-2-(3-hydroxytricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec-1-yl)acetyl]-, (1S,3S,5S)- 361442-04-8 C18H25N3O2
    2-Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carbonitrile, 2-[(2R)-2-amino-2-(3-hydroxytricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec-1-yl)acetyl]-, (1S,3S,5S)-
    —— wortmannin 19545-26-7 C23H24O8
    wortmannin
    —— 2-amino-1-N-(3-butan-2-yl-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-10-propan-2-yl-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl)-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-9-N-[7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide 8052-16-2 C63H88N12O16
    2-amino-1-N-(3-butan-2-yl-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-10-propan-2-yl-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl)-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-9-N-[7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide
    —— chaetocin 28097-03-2 C30H28N6O6S4
    chaetocin
    —— Methyl 7-[3-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-phenoxybut-1-en-1-yl)-5-oxocyclopentyl]hepta-4,5-dienoate 73121-56-9 C23H28O6
    Methyl 7-[3-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-phenoxybut-1-en-1-yl)-5-oxocyclopentyl]hepta-4,5-dienoate