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原料药

原料药,通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂,才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此,我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

根据来源不同,原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物(个别为元素),例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等;而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料,通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物,如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的,属于生物化学范畴;近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中,有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高,是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量,因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— amodiaquine hydrochloride 69-44-3 C20H24ClN3O*2Cl
amodiaquine hydrochloride
—— thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide 804-30-8 C17H26N4O3S2
thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide
—— Farnesylessigsaeure-geranylester 51-77-4 C27H44O2
Farnesylessigsaeure-geranylester
—— thiaminetetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide 804-30-8 C17H26N4O3S2
thiaminetetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide
—— methicillin sodium 132-92-3 C17H19N2O6S*Na
methicillin sodium
—— p-Hydroxyampicillin 26787-78-0 C16H19N3O5S
p-Hydroxyampicillin
—— amoxicillin sodium 34642-77-8 C16H18N3O5S*Na
amoxicillin sodium
—— quinidine; sulfate 6119-70-6 2C20H24N2O2*2H2O*H2O4S
quinidine; sulfate
—— quinine; hydrogen sulfate dihydrate 6119-70-6 2C20H24N2O2*2H2O*H2O4S
quinine; hydrogen sulfate dihydrate
—— salinomycin sodium salt 55721-31-8 C42H69O11*Na
salinomycin sodium salt
—— Tetrahydro-Alstonin 483-03-4 C21H24N2O3
Tetrahydro-Alstonin
—— Tetrahydroalstonin 483-03-4 C21H24N2O3
Tetrahydroalstonin
—— 19α-methyl-18-oxa-yohimb-16-ene-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester 483-03-4 C21H24N2O3
19α-methyl-18-oxa-yohimb-16-ene-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester
—— <i>rac</i>-19β-methyl-(15β)-18-oxa-yohimb-16-ene-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester 483-03-4 C21H24N2O3
<i>rac</i>-19β-methyl-(15β)-18-oxa-yohimb-16-ene-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester
—— 19β-methyl-(20α)-18-oxa-yohimb-16-ene-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester 483-03-4 C21H24N2O3
19β-methyl-(20α)-18-oxa-yohimb-16-ene-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester
—— Ajmalicin 483-03-4 C21H24N2O3
Ajmalicin
—— (+)-rauniticine 483-03-4 C21H24N2O3
(+)-rauniticine
—— Alstonine, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-, (3.α.)- 483-03-4 C21H24N2O3
Alstonine, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-, (3.α.)-
—— ajmalicine 483-03-4 C21H24N2O3
ajmalicine
—— 9α-Fluor-11β,21-dihydroxy-16α,17α-isopropylidendioxy-pregn-1.4-dien-3,20-dion, Triamcinolon-acetonid 76-25-5 C24H31FO6
9α-Fluor-11β,21-dihydroxy-16α,17α-isopropylidendioxy-pregn-1.4-dien-3,20-dion, Triamcinolon-acetonid
—— 2'-(N,N-diethylamino)rifamycin P 113102-19-5 C42H55N3O11S
2'-(N,N-diethylamino)rifamycin P
—— (-)-Metaraminol tartrate 33402-03-8 C4H6O6*C9H13NO2
(-)-Metaraminol tartrate
—— Pikropodophyllin 477-47-4 C22H22O8
Pikropodophyllin
—— (+/-)-isopodophyllotoxin 477-47-4 C22H22O8
(+/-)-isopodophyllotoxin
—— 7-O-(3-amino-2,3,6-tridesoxy-α-D-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)daunomycinone 23541-50-6 C27H30NO10*Cl
7-O-(3-amino-2,3,6-tridesoxy-α-D-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)daunomycinone
—— 7-O-(3-amino-2,3,6-tridesoxy-β-D-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)daunomycinone 23541-50-6 C27H29NO10*ClH
7-O-(3-amino-2,3,6-tridesoxy-β-D-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)daunomycinone
—— DL-Isopodophyllotoxin 477-47-4 C22H22O8
DL-Isopodophyllotoxin
—— (+/-)-epiisopodophyllotoxin 477-47-4 C22H22O8
(+/-)-epiisopodophyllotoxin
—— Podophyllotoxin 477-47-4 C22H22O8
Podophyllotoxin
—— 9c-Hydroxy-5c-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-5,5a,6a,9-tetrahydro-(5ar)-8H-furo<3',4':6,7>naphtho<2,3-d>(1,3)-dioxol-6-on; Podophyllotoxin 477-47-4 C22H22O8
9c-Hydroxy-5c-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-5,5a,6a,9-tetrahydro-(5ar)-8H-furo<3',4':6,7>naphtho<2,3-d>(1,3)-dioxol-6-on; Podophyllotoxin
—— Prednisolon-21-acetat 52-21-1 C23H30O6
Prednisolon-21-acetat
—— rifamycin sodium 14897-39-3 C37H46NO12*Na
rifamycin sodium
—— 3-(2-(dimthylamino)ethyl)-N-methyl-1H-indole-5-methanesulfonamide butane-1,4-dioate 103628-46-2 C13H19N3O2S
3-(2-(dimthylamino)ethyl)-N-methyl-1H-indole-5-methanesulfonamide butane-1,4-dioate
—— sumatriptan 103628-46-2 C14H21N3O2S
sumatriptan
—— cefoperazone sodium 62893-20-3 C25H26N9O8S2*Na
cefoperazone sodium
—— trimetazidine dihydrochloride 13171-25-0 C14H22N2O3*2ClH
trimetazidine dihydrochloride
—— ethyl N-[2-amino-4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methylamino]phenyl]carbamate hydrochloride 150812-13-8 C16H18FN3O2*ClH
ethyl N-[2-amino-4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methylamino]phenyl]carbamate hydrochloride
—— (15<i>S</i>)-11α,15-dihydroxy-9-oxo-(8α<i>H</i>)-prosta-5<i>t</i>,13<i>t</i>-dien-1-oic acid 363-24-6 C20H32O5
(15<i>S</i>)-11α,15-dihydroxy-9-oxo-(8α<i>H</i>)-prosta-5<i>t</i>,13<i>t</i>-dien-1-oic acid
—— (1S,2S,5R,6R,7R,10S,12R)-6,13-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,6-dimethyltetracyclo[10.3.1.01,10.02,7]hexadecane-5,13-diol 38966-21-1 C20H34O4
(1S,2S,5R,6R,7R,10S,12R)-6,13-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,6-dimethyltetracyclo[10.3.1.01,10.02,7]hexadecane-5,13-diol
—— Cephalexin 23325-78-2 C16H17N3O4S*H2O
Cephalexin
—— vinpocetine 42971-09-5 C22H24N2O2
vinpocetine
—— sodium sulfamethazine 1981-58-4 C12H13N4O2S*Na
sodium sulfamethazine
—— granisetron 109889-09-0 C18H24N4O
granisetron
—— Granisetron hydrochloride 107007-99-8 C18H24N4O*ClH
Granisetron hydrochloride
—— [1-methyl-N-(9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)indazole-3-carboxamide] 109889-09-0 C18H24N4O
[1-methyl-N-(9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)indazole-3-carboxamide]
—— (+)-aphidicolin 38966-21-1 C20H34O4
(+)-aphidicolin
—— aphidicolin 38966-21-1 C20H34O4
aphidicolin
—— prostaglandin E2 363-24-6 C20H32O5
prostaglandin E2
—— (5Z,11α,13E,15S)-7-[3-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl)-5-oxo-cyclopentyl] hept-5-enoic acid 363-24-6 C20H32O5
(5Z,11α,13E,15S)-7-[3-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl)-5-oxo-cyclopentyl] hept-5-enoic acid
—— (7R)-7-[[(2S)-2-amino-2-phenylacetyl]amino]-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 15686-71-2 C16H17N3O4S
(7R)-7-[[(2S)-2-amino-2-phenylacetyl]amino]-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid