原料药,通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂,才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此,我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。
根据来源不同,原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。
化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物(个别为元素),例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等;而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料,通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物,如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。
天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的,属于生物化学范畴;近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中,有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高,是化学制药工业的主要支柱。
由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量,因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
---|---|---|---|---|
苄噻嗪 | benzthiazide | 91-33-8 | C15H14ClN3O4S3 |
|
苄哌苯胺 | bamipine | 4945-47-5 | C19H24N2 |
|
苄丝肼 | benserazide | 322-35-0 | C10H15N3O5 |
|
芬那露 | chlormezanone | 80-77-3 | C11H12ClNO3S |
|
芬贝西林 | Fenbenicillin | 1926-48-3 | C22H22N2O5S |
|
芬苯达唑 | fenbendazole | 43210-67-9 | C15H13N3O2S |
|
芬洛多潘 | fenoldopam | 67227-56-9 | C16H16ClNO3 |
|
芬替康唑 | α-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-β,N-imidazolylethyl 4-phenylthiobenzyl ether | 72479-26-6 | C24H20Cl2N2OS |
|
芬布酯 | fenbutrazate | 4378-36-3 | C23H29NO3 |
|
芬布芬 | 3-(p-phenyl)benzoylpropionic acid | 36330-85-5 | C16H14O3 |
|
芬司匹利 | fenspiride | 5053-06-5 | C15H20N2O2 |
|
芦荟素,葡糖基蒽酮,芦荟大黄素甙 | (10S)-1,8-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-10-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-10H-anthracen-9-one | 1415-73-2 | C21H22O9 |
|
艾菲地可宁 | Aphidicolin | 38966-21-1 | C20H34O4 |
|
艾美拉唑钾盐 | 5-Methoxy-2-[(S)-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinylmethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole potassium | 161796-84-5 | C17H19KN3O3S |
|
艾瑞昔布 | Imrecoxib | 395683-14-4 | C21H23NO3S |
|
艾瑞布林 | eribulin | 253128-41-5 | C40H59NO11 |
|
艾氯沙星 | 7-(3-amino-1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid | 129672-09-9 | C15H17FN4O3 |
|
艾氟洛芬 | (S)-(+)-flurbiprofen | 51543-39-6 | C15H13FO2 |
|
艾氟康唑 | efinaconazole | 164650-44-6 | C18H22F2N4O |
|
艾普拉唑 | ilaprazole | 172152-36-2 | C19H18N4O2S |
|
艾拉莫德 | Iguratimod | 123663-49-0 | C17H14N2O6S |
|
艾多昔芬 | idoxifene | 116057-75-1 | C28H30INO |
|
艾地苯醌 | Idebenone | 58186-27-9 | C19H30O5 |
|
艾哌瑞松 | eperisone | 64840-90-0 | C17H25NO |
|
艾司洛尔 | esmolol | 81147-92-4 | C16H25NO4 |
|
色霉素A3 | chromomycin A3 | 7059-24-7 | C57H82O26 |
|
色甘酸 | cromoglicinic acid | 16110-51-3 | C23H16O11 |
|
舒美吗啉 | tritiozine | 35619-65-9 | C14H19NO4S |
|
舒洛芬 | 2-[4-(thien-2-ylcarbonyl)phenyl]propanoic acid | 40828-46-4 | C14H12O3S |
|
舒更葡糖钠 | Sugammadex (sodium) | 343306-79-6 | C72H112Na8O48S8 |
|
舒更葡糖 | 3-[[(1S,3S,5S,6S,8S,10S,11S,13S,15S,16S,18S,20S,21S,23S,25S,26S,28S,30S,31S,33S,35S,36S,38S,40S,41R,42R,43R,44R,45R,46R,47R,48R,49R,50R,51R,52R,53R,54R,55R,56R)-10,15,20,25,30,35,40-heptakis(2-carboxyethylsulfanylmethyl)-41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-hexadecahydroxy-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34,37,39-hexadecaoxanonacyclo[36.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31.233,36]hexapentacontan-5-yl]methylsulfanyl]propanoic acid | 343306-71-8 | C72H112O48S8 |
|
舒必利 | (-)sulpiride | 15676-16-1 | C15H23N3O4S |
|
舒巴坦钠 | 69388-84-7 | C8H11NNaO5S |
|
|
舒巴坦酸 | sulbactum | 68373-14-8 | C8H11NO5S |
|
舒巴坦匹酯 | (pivaloyloxy)methyl 6,6-dihydropenicillanate S,S-dioxide | 69388-79-0 | C14H21NO7S |
|
舒尼替尼 | sunitinib | 557795-19-4 | C22H27FN4O2 |
|
舒他西林 | sultamicillin T | 76497-13-7 | C25H30N4O9S2 |
|
舍曲林 | Sertraline | 79617-96-2 | C17H17Cl2N |
|
舍吲哚 | Sertindole | 106516-24-9 | C24H26ClFN4O |
|
舍他康唑 | sertaconazole | 99592-32-2 | C20H15Cl3N2OS |
|
腺苷钴胺 | (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-methanidyloxolane-3,4-diol;cobalt(3+);3-[(1R,2S,3S,7S,8S,13S,17R,18R,19R)-2,7,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-17-[3-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R,3S,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethyl-3H-benzimidazol-1-ium-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxypropyl]amino]-3-oxopropyl]-3,13-bis(3-imino-3-oxidopropyl)-1,2,5,7,12,12,15,17-octamethyl-3,8,13,18,19,22-hexahydrocorrin-8-yl]propanimidate | 13870-90-1 | C72H100CoN18O17P |
|
腺嘌呤 | adenine | 73-24-5 | C5H5N5 |
|
腐草霉素 | 2-[2-[2-[[2-[[4-[[2-[[6-amino-2-[3-amino-1-[(2,3-diamino-3-oxopropyl)amino]-3-oxopropyl]-5-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonyl]amino]-3-[3-[4-carbamoyl-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-oxobutanoyl]amino]ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide | 11006-33-0 | C51H75N17O21S2 |
|
脱羰秋水仙碱 | (-)-demecolcine | 477-30-5 | C21H25NO5 |
|
脱水长春碱 | anhydrovinblastine | 38390-45-3 | C46H56N4O8 |
|
脱水长春碱 | 3',4'-Anhydrovinblastine | 38390-45-3 | C46H56N4O8 |
|
脱氧助间型霉素 | 2'-deoxycoformycin | 53910-25-1 | C11H16N4O4 |
|
脱氢抗坏血酸 | L-dehydroascorbic acid | 490-83-5 | C6H6O6 |
|
脑清 | nylidrin | 447-41-6 | C19H25NO2 |
|
胺碘酮 | Amiodarone | 1951-25-3 | C25H29I2NO3 |
|