原料药,通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂,才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此,我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。
根据来源不同,原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。
化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物(个别为元素),例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等;而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料,通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物,如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。
天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的,属于生物化学范畴;近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中,有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高,是化学制药工业的主要支柱。
由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量,因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | S-[(2R,3S,4S,6S)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-5-[(2S,4S,5S)-5-(ethylamino)-4-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-[[(2S,5Z,9S,13E)-9-hydroxy-12-(methoxycarbonylamino)-13-[2-(methyltrisulfanyl)ethylidene]-11-oxo-2-bicyclo[7.3.1]trideca-1(12),5-dien-3,7-diynyl]oxy]-2-methyloxan-3-yl]amino]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] 4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5-iodo-2,3-dimethoxy-6-methylbenzenecarbothioate | 108212-75-5 | C55H74IN3O21S4 |
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—— | (E)-7-[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]sulfanyl-2-[[(1S)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarbonyl]amino]hept-2-enoic acid | 82009-34-5 | C16H26N2O5S |
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—— | (E)-but-2-enedioic acid;[(2R,3S,4S,6R,8S,14R)-4-ethenyl-3-hydroxy-2,4,7,14-tetramethyl-9-oxo-6-tricyclo[5.4.3.01,8]tetradecanyl] 2-[2-(diethylamino)ethylsulfanyl]acetate | 55297-96-6 | C32H51NO8S |
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—— | Pantothenic Acid Hemicalcium Salt | 137-08-6 | C18H34CaN2O11 |
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—— | 2-[(11E,13Z)-6-[5-(4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-[5-(dimethylamino)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde | 8025-81-8 | C43H74N2O14 |
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—— | 1492-18-8 | C20H33CaN7O12 |
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—— | 52205-73-9 | C23H32Cl2NNaO6P |
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—— | Combretastatin A4 disodium phosphate | 168555-66-6 | C18H21NaO8P |
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—— | [(11Z,13E)-6-[4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-5-propanoyloxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-4-yl] propanoate | 35457-80-8 | C41H67NO15 |
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—— | Maytansine, 2'-de(acetylmethylamino)-2'-methyl- | 66584-72-3 | C32H43ClN2O9 |
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—— | gadolinium(3+);(2R,3R,4R,5S)-6-(methylamino)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol;2-[4,7,10-tris(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl]acetate | 92943-93-6 | C23H41GdN5O13- |
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—— | methyl (5Z)-4-[2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-oxoethyl]-5-ethylidene-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate | 32619-42-4 | C25H32O13 |
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—— | (10Z)-6-[4-(Dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-10-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxyimino)-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecan-2-one | 80214-83-1 | C41H76N2O15 |
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—— | (2S,3R,6R)-3-[[(3S)-3-amino-5-[carbamimidoyl(methyl)amino]pentanoyl]amino]-6-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid | 2079-00-7 | C17H26N8O5 |
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—— | tert-butyl (3S,5R)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-propan-2-ylindol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoate | 129332-29-2 | C28H34FNO4 |
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—— | sodium;3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate | 56238-63-2 | C16H15N4NaO8S |
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—— | [(4E,6Z,8R,9R,10E,12S,13R,14S,16R)-13-Hydroxy-8,14,19-trimethoxy-4,10,12,16-tetramethyl-3,20,22-trioxo-2-azabicyclo[16.3.1]docosa-1(21),4,6,10,18-pentaen-9-yl] carbamate | 30562-34-6 | C29H40N2O9 |
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—— | 6,7-dimethoxy-3-[(5R)-4-methoxy-6-methyl-7,8-dihydro-5H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-5-yl]-3H-2-benzofuran-1-one;hydrochloride | 912-60-7 | C22H24ClNO7 |
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—— | [(1R)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate | 55869-99-3 | C17H23NO4 |
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—— | (2S)-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one | 520-26-3 | C28H34O15 |
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—— | sodium (6R,7R)-3-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-7-[[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)-acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate | 141195-77-9 | C17H18N5O6S2*Na |
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—— | desfuroylceftiofur | 120882-22-6 | C14H15N5O5S3 |
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—— | Monensin Sodium | 22373-78-0 | C36H61NaO11 |
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—— | Mecobalamin | 68-19-9 | C63H88CoN14O14P |
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—— | N-[(Z)-[10-[(Z)-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylhydrazinylidene)methyl]anthracen-9-yl]methylideneamino]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine | 78186-34-2 | C22H22N8 |
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—— | [(4Z,6E,10E)-13-hydroxy-8,14,19-trimethoxy-4,10,12,16-tetramethyl-3,20,22-trioxo-2-azabicyclo[16.3.1]docosa-1(21),4,6,10,18-pentaen-9-yl] carbamate | 30562-34-6 | C29H40N2O9 |
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—— | [6-[(2R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S)-4-[(2R,3S,4E,6E,9R,10S,11S,12R,13R,14E,16Z)-11-ethyl-10,12-dihydroxy-3,17-dimethoxy-7,9,13,15-tetramethyl-18-oxo-1-oxacyclooctadeca-4,6,14,16-tetraen-2-yl]-3-hydroxypentan-2-yl]-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]oxan-4-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] carbamate | 80890-47-7 | C46H75NO14 |
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—— | (2S,3S,4R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-methanidyloxolane-3,4-diol;cobalt(3+);[(2R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] 1-[3-[(2R,3R,4Z,7S,9Z,12S,13S,14Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl phosphate | 13870-90-1 | C72H100CoN18O17P |
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—— | (1r,2r)-2-[(2s,4e,6e,8r,9s,11r,13s,15s,16s)-7-Cyano-8,16-Dihydroxy-9,11,13,15-Tetramethyl-18-Oxooxacyclooctadeca-4,6-Dien-2-Yl]cyclopentanecarboxylic Acid | 7184-60-3 | C28H43NO6 |
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—— | (3Z,5E,7R,8S,9S,11E,13E,15S,16R)-16-[(2S,3R,4S)-4-[(2S,4R,5S,6R)-2,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-6-propan-2-yloxan-2-yl]-3-hydroxypentan-2-yl]-8-hydroxy-3,15-dimethoxy-5,7,9,11-tetramethyl-1-oxacyclohexadeca-3,5,11,13-tetraen-2-one | 88899-55-2 | C35H58O9 |
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—— | sodium;(2R)-2-[(3S,6R)-6-[[(2S,4R,5R,6R,7R,9R)-2-[(5S)-5-[(2R,3S,5R)-5-[(2S,3S,5R,6R)-6-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-yl]-3-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-7-methoxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-1,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]methyl]-3-methyloxan-2-yl]propanoate | 28643-80-3 | C40H67NaO11 |
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—— | (5R)-5-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-3-[(Z)-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylideneamino]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one | 139-91-3 | C13H16N4O6 |
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—— | (+/-)-15-Deoxy-[16RS]-16-hydroxy-16-methylprostaglandin E1 | 112137-89-0 | C21H36O5 |
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—— | 7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[[5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid | 69739-16-8 | C20H20N6O7S4 |
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—— | 7-[[(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-(imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate | 113359-04-9 | C19H17N9O5S2 |
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—— | 7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate | 88040-23-7 | C19H24N6O5S2 |
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—— | (E)-7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(methoxymethyl)-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid | 145599-86-6 | C26H34FNO5 |
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—— | 1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 | 32222-06-3 | C27H44O3 |
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—— | (-)-Scopolamine hydrobromide | 114-49-8 | C17H22BrNO4 |
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—— | (17E,19E,21E,23E,25E)-4,6,8,10,12,14,16,27-octahydroxy-3-(1-hydroxyhexyl)-17,28-dimethyl-1-oxacyclooctacosa-17,19,21,23,25-pentaen-2-one | 480-49-9 | C35H58O11 |
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—— | Cytochalasin H | 53760-19-3 | C30H39NO5 |
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—— | 2-[(2S,6R)-6-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-1-methylpiperidin-2-yl]-1-phenylethanone | 90-69-7 | C22H27NO2 |
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—— | (+)-geldanamycin | 30562-34-6 | C29H40N2O9 |
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—— | Sodium 4-(2-hydroxy-1-(3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]benzofuran-5-yl)butanoate | 88475-69-8 | C24H29NaO5 |
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—— | cerivastatin sodium | 143201-11-0 | C26H33FNO5*Na |
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—— | 7-[[(Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid | 97519-39-6 | C15H14N4O6S2 |
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—— | Calcium 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate | 18016-24-5 | C12H22CaO14 |
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—— | Cytochalasin B-CASMI2016 Category 1-Challenge 3 | 14930-96-2 | C29H37NO5 |
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—— | Disodium beta-glycerophosphate | 819-83-0 | C3H7Na2O6P |
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—— | Diazomycin B | 7644-67-9 | C17H23N7O8 |
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