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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 7775-11-3 CrH2NaO4
    —— alpha-Tocopherol nicotinate 16676-75-8 C35H53NO3
    alpha-Tocopherol nicotinate
    —— 125-02-0 C21H29NaO8P
    —— 1,8-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-10-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-10H-anthracen-9-one 1415-73-2 C21H22O9
    1,8-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-10-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-10H-anthracen-9-one
    —— 4697-14-7 C15H16N2NaO6S2
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-amino-2-[(1S,2S,3R,4S,6R)-4,6-diamino-3-[(2R,3S,6S)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,5-diol;sulfuric acid 58580-55-5 C18H39N5O12S
    (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-amino-2-[(1S,2S,3R,4S,6R)-4,6-diamino-3-[(2R,3S,6S)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,5-diol;sulfuric acid
    —— 928659-17-0 C5H6N6NaO4S
    —— (R)-N-(3-(7-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)-1-(4-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-4-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide hydrochloride 1414976-20-7 C36H46N8O3*ClH
    (R)-N-(3-(7-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)-1-(4-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-4-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide hydrochloride
    —— 163706-36-3 C17H25Cl2F3N5NaO12P3S2
    —— 1-[(2R)-6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl]-2-[[(2R)-2-[(2S)-6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]ethanol 118457-14-0 C22H25F2NO4
    1-[(2R)-6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl]-2-[[(2R)-2-[(2S)-6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]ethanol
    —— Zeniplatin 111490-36-9 C11H20N2O6Pt
    Zeniplatin
    —— 150399-23-8 C20H21N5NaO6
    —— 9Lyl8crr6L 137391-68-5 C17H18N4O7
    9Lyl8crr6L
    —— methyl violet 8004-87-3 C25H31N3
    methyl violet
    —— [(1S,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;sulfuric acid 55-48-1 C34H48N2O10S
    [(1S,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;sulfuric acid
    —— (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(1R,2R,3S,4S,6R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-4-((1S,4R,5S,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-cyclohex-2-enylamino)-cyclohexyloxy]-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3,4,5-triol 37248-47-8 C20H35NO13
    (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(1R,2R,3S,4S,6R)-2,3-Dihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-4-((1S,4R,5S,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-cyclohex-2-enylamino)-cyclohexyloxy]-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3,4,5-triol
    —— 1H-Indolo[3,2,1-de]pyrido[3,2,1-ij][1,5]naphthyridine-12-carboxylicacid, 9-bromo-13a-ethyl-2,3,5,6,12,13,13a,13b-octahydro-12-hydroxy-, methylester, (12R,13aR,13bR)-rel- 57475-17-9 C21H25BrN2O3
    1H-Indolo[3,2,1-de]pyrido[3,2,1-ij][1,5]naphthyridine-12-carboxylicacid, 9-bromo-13a-ethyl-2,3,5,6,12,13,13a,13b-octahydro-12-hydroxy-, methylester, (12R,13aR,13bR)-rel-
    —— (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1,2-oxaborolan-2-ol 2415085-44-6 C18H22BNO4
    (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1,2-oxaborolan-2-ol
    —— calicheamicin γ1I 108212-75-5 C55H74IN3O21S4
    calicheamicin γ1I
    —— sodium salt of lasalocid A 25999-20-6 C34H53O8*Na
    sodium salt of lasalocid A
    —— (E)-(S)-4-((S)-2-{3-[(5-methylisoxazole-3-carbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-2H-pyridin-1-yl}pent-4-ynoylamino)-5-((S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)pent-2-enoic acid ethyl ester 343565-99-1 C26H29N5O7
    (E)-(S)-4-((S)-2-{3-[(5-methylisoxazole-3-carbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-2H-pyridin-1-yl}pent-4-ynoylamino)-5-((S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)pent-2-enoic acid ethyl ester
    —— 5-[2-ethoxy-5-(cis-3,5-dimethylpiperazine-1-sulfonyl)phenyl]-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-7,6-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one 496835-35-9 C23H32N6O4S
    5-[2-ethoxy-5-(cis-3,5-dimethylpiperazine-1-sulfonyl)phenyl]-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-7,6-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one
    —— N-[(3S,6S,12R,15S,16R,19S,22S)-3-benzyl-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide;(10R,11R,12E,21S)-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),6,12,17,19,25(28)-hexaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone 11006-76-1 C71H84N10O17
    N-[(3S,6S,12R,15S,16R,19S,22S)-3-benzyl-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide;(10R,11R,12E,21S)-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),6,12,17,19,25(28)-hexaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone
    —— 4-EPIOXYTETRACYCLINE 79-57-2 C22H24N2O9
    4-EPIOXYTETRACYCLINE
    —— sodium;2-[4-(3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoylamino]ethanesulfonate;hydrate 345909-26-4 C26H46NNaO8S
    sodium;2-[4-(3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoylamino]ethanesulfonate;hydrate
    —— latamoxef disodium 64953-12-4 C20H18N6O9S*2Na
    latamoxef disodium
    —— 3-[[5-amino-2-[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[6-amino-2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[5-amino-2-[[2-[[2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-[[1-[[1-[[5-amino-1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[4-amino-1-[(1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid 9007-92-5 C153H225N43O49S
    3-[[5-amino-2-[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[6-amino-2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[5-amino-2-[[2-[[2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-[[1-[[1-[[5-amino-1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[4-amino-1-[(1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid
    —— H-Cys-Ser-Asn-Leu-Ser-Thr-Cys-Val-Leu-Gly-Lys-Leu-Ser-Gln-Glu-Leu-His-Lys-Leu-Gln-Thr-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Thr-Asp-Val-Gly-Ala-Gly-Thr-Pro-NH2 57014-02-5 C146H243N43O47S2
    H-Cys-Ser-Asn-Leu-Ser-Thr-Cys-Val-Leu-Gly-Lys-Leu-Ser-Gln-Glu-Leu-His-Lys-Leu-Gln-Thr-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Thr-Asp-Val-Gly-Ala-Gly-Thr-Pro-NH2
    —— 10294-64-1 H2KMnO4
    —— Demethylrifampicin 13292-45-0 C42H56N4O12
    Demethylrifampicin
    —— Aclarubicin 64520-15-6 C42H53NO15
    Aclarubicin
    —— quinine hydrochloride 130-89-2 C21H26N2O2*ClH
    quinine hydrochloride
    —— GESTONORONE CAPROATE 1253-28-7 C26H38O4
    GESTONORONE CAPROATE
    —— Androst-1-en-3-one, 17-hydroxy-1-methyl-, (5a,17a)- 153-00-4 C20H30O2
    Androst-1-en-3-one, 17-hydroxy-1-methyl-, (5a,17a)-
    —— Oxytetracyclin 35259-39-3 C22H24N2O9
    Oxytetracyclin
    —— syn-norgestimate 35189-28-7 C23H31NO3
    syn-norgestimate
    —— 10102-17-7 H4NaO4S2
    —— S-(-)-Cefotaxime 1151540-28-1 C16H17N5O7S2
    S-(-)-Cefotaxime
    —— 2-[(E)-3-(3-Methoxy-4-propoxy-phenyl)-acryloylamino]-benzoic acid 53902-17-3 C20H21NO5
    2-[(E)-3-(3-Methoxy-4-propoxy-phenyl)-acryloylamino]-benzoic acid
    —— (4S)-1-[4-cyano-4-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]-3-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid;hydrochloride 79547-78-7 C26H30ClFN2O2
    (4S)-1-[4-cyano-4-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]-3-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid;hydrochloride
    —— sodium;2-[4-[(3R,5R,7R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoylamino]acetate 863-57-0 C26H42NO6*Na
    sodium;2-[4-[(3R,5R,7R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoylamino]acetate
    —— 3,12,24-Trihydroxy-24,24-diphenyl-cholan 83116-96-5 C36H50O3
    3,12,24-Trihydroxy-24,24-diphenyl-cholan
    —— Aluminum Potassium sulfate dodecchydrate 7784-24-9 AlH4KO5S
    Aluminum Potassium sulfate dodecchydrate
    —— Dimethotrexate 133073-73-1 C40H44N16O10
    Dimethotrexate
    —— N6-p-Methoxyphenyladenosin 510-77-0 C17H19NO3
    N6-p-Methoxyphenyladenosin
    —— 4-epi-Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride (>90% by HPLC) 101342-45-4 C22H24Cl2N2O8
    4-epi-Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride (>90% by HPLC)
    —— (2S)-4-amino-N-[(1R,3S,4R)-5-amino-2-[(2S,5S)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2R,5S,6R)-6-(aminomethyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]-2-hydroxybutanamide;sulfuric acid 149022-22-0 C22H45N5O17S
    (2S)-4-amino-N-[(1R,3S,4R)-5-amino-2-[(2S,5S)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2R,5S,6R)-6-(aminomethyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]-2-hydroxybutanamide;sulfuric acid
    —— (-)-pilocarpine; nitrate 148-72-1 C11H16N2O2*HNO3
    (-)-pilocarpine; nitrate
    —— 1-[10-(2-dimethylamino-propyl)-10<i>H</i>-phenothiazin-2-yl]-propan-1-one; radical cation 362-29-8 C20H24N2OS
    1-[10-(2-dimethylamino-propyl)-10<i>H</i>-phenothiazin-2-yl]-propan-1-one; radical cation
    —— (S,E)-3-((E)-2-((1R,3aS,7aR)-1-((R)-6-hydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-7a-methylhexahydro-1H-inden-4(2H)-ylidene)ethylidene)-4-methylenecyclohexanol 19356-17-3 C27H44O2
    (S,E)-3-((E)-2-((1R,3aS,7aR)-1-((R)-6-hydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-7a-methylhexahydro-1H-inden-4(2H)-ylidene)ethylidene)-4-methylenecyclohexanol