原料药,通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂,才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此,我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。
根据来源不同,原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。
化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物(个别为元素),例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等;而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料,通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物,如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。
天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的,属于生物化学范畴;近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中,有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高,是化学制药工业的主要支柱。
由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量,因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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(氨基甲基)-苯酚 | 2-Hydroxybenzylamine | 932-30-9 | C7H9NO |
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(alphaR,betaS)-rel-贝达喹啉 | bedaquiline | 843663-66-1 | C32H31BrN2O2 |
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(aS,2R)-四氢-a-(1-萘甲基)-2-呋喃丙酸 2-(二乙基氨基)乙酯 | (2RS,2'SR)-2-(diethylamino)ethyl 2-<(naphth-1-yl)methyl>-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)propanoate | 31329-57-4 | C24H33NO3 |
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(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸二聚物 | linoleic acid | 60-33-3 | C18H32O2 |
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(Z)-2'-(1-咪唑基)-O-(2,4-二氯苄基)-2,4-二氯苯乙酮肟硝酸盐 | Oxiconazole Nitrate | 64211-46-7 | C18H14Cl4N4O4 |
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(S)-氮卓斯汀盐酸盐 | (S)-Azelastine Hydrochloride | 153408-27-6 | C22H25Cl2N3O |
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(S)-N-[2-乙酰氧基-3-氯丙基]乙酰胺Acetamide | N-[(2S)-2-acetoxy-3-chloropropyl]acetamide | 183905-31-9 | C7H12ClNO3 |
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(S)-3-氨基-2,3,4,5-四氢-2-氧-1H-1-苯并氮杂卓-1-乙酸叔丁酯 | (S)-tert-butyl 2-(3-amino-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azepin-1-yl)acetate | 109010-60-8 | C16H22N2O3 |
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(S)-2-溴辛烷 | (S)-(+)-2-bromooctane | 1191-24-8 | C8H17Br |
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(S)-(-)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-3-羧酸 | L-Tic-OH | 74163-81-8 | C10H11NO2 |
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(R,R)-瑞波西汀 | (2R,3R)-reboxetine | 71620-89-8 | C19H23NO3 |
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(R)-双[(3-羧基-2-羟丙基)三甲铵基]-L-酒石酸盐 | L-carnitine tartrate | 36687-82-8 | C4H4O6*2C7H16NO3 |
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(R)-兰索拉唑 | (R)-lansoprazole | 138530-94-6 | C16H14F3N3O2S |
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(R)-2-溴辛烷 | (2R)-2-bromooctane | 5978-55-2 | C8H17Br |
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(R)-2-氟比洛芬 氟比洛芬 | (R)-flurbiprofen | 51543-40-9 | C15H13FO2 |
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(R)-2-(2-氧代吡咯烷-1-基)丁酰胺 | levetiracetam | 103765-01-1 | C8H14N2O2 |
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(R)-(-)-布洛芬 | (R)-ibuprofene | 51146-57-7 | C13H18O2 |
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(R)-(-)-去甲肾上腺素盐酸盐 | norepinephrine hydrochloride | 329-56-6 | C8H11NO3*ClH |
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(R)-(+)-氢化小檗碱 | (R)-(+)-canadine | 2086-96-6 | C20H21NO4 |
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(R)-(+)-9-(2-羟丙基)腺嘌呤 | (R)-9-(2-hydroxypropyl)adenine | 14047-28-0 | C8H11N5O |
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(E)-头孢地尼 | cefdinir | 178601-88-2 | C14H13N5O5S2 |
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(E)-3-[3-(4-氟苯基)-1-异丙基吲哚-2-基]丙烯醛 | (E)-3-(3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-1H-indol-2-yl)acrylaldehyde | 93957-50-7 | C20H18FNO |
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(E)-3,5-二羟基-4-异丙基二苯乙烯 | 2-isopropyl-5-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol | 79338-84-4 | C17H18O2 |
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(E)-1-二苯甲基-4-肉桂基哌嗪 | cinnarizine | 16699-20-0 | C26H28N2 |
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(E)-1-(5-氯-2-噻吩基-2-(1H)-咪唑-1-基)乙酮(2,6-二氯苯基)腙盐酸盐 | (E)-1-(5-chlorothien-2-yl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethanone 2,6-dichlorophenylhydrazone hydrochloride | 80168-44-1 | C15H11Cl3N4S*ClH |
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(8alpha)-雌二醇 | <i>rac</i>-(8α)-estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol | 517-04-4 | C18H24O2 |
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(7S,9S)-9-乙酰基-7-[(4S,5S,6S)-4-氨基-5-羟基-6-甲基四氢吡喃-2-基]氧基-4,6,9,11-四羟基-8,10-二氢-7H-并四苯-5,12-二酮盐酸盐 | carminomycin | 50935-04-1 | C26H27NO10 |
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(6aR,9aR)-6a-甲基八氢环戊二烯并[f]色烯-3,7(2H,8H)-二酮 | (4AS,6aR,9aR,9bR)-6a-methyloctahydrocyclopenta[f]chromene-3,7(2H,8H)-dione | 64053-02-7 | C13H18O3 |
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(6R-反式)-7-氨基-8-氧代-3-[[(1,2,5,6-四氢-2-甲基-5,6-二氧代-1,2,4-三嗪-3-基)硫代]甲基]-5-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[4.2.0]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸 | 7-ACT | 58909-56-1 | C12H13N5O5S2 |
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(6R,7R)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-氨基-1,3-噻唑-4-基)-2-(1-羧基-1-甲基乙氧基)亚氨乙酰]氨基]-8-氧代-3-(吡啶-1--1-基甲基)-5-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[4.2.0]辛-2-烯-2-甲酸二盐酸盐 | 2-[(Z)-[1-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[[(6R,7R)-2-carboxy-8-oxo-3-(pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-7-yl]amino]-2-oxoethylidene]amino]oxy-2-methylpropanoate;dihydrochloride | 73547-70-3 | C22H24Cl2N6O7S2 |
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(6R,7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-氨基-1,3-噻唑-4-基)-2-(羧甲基氧基亚氨基)乙酰基]氨基]-3-乙烯基-8-氧代-5-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[4.2.0]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸三水合物 | Cefixime trihydrate | 125110-14-7 | C16H21N5O10S2 |
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(6R,7R)-3-[(1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)硫代甲基]-8-氧代-7-[2-(1H-四唑-1-基)乙酰氨基]-5-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[4.2.0]辛-2-烯-2-甲酸钠 | 41136-22-5 | C13H12N8NaO4S3 |
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(6R,25)-5-O-去甲基-28-脱氧-6,28-环氧-25-(1-甲基乙基)美倍霉素B | milbemycin D | 77855-81-3 | C33H48O7 |
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(5E,9E,13E)-6,10,14,18-四甲基十九碳-5,9,13,17-四烯-2-酮 | 5E,9E,13E-geranylgeranyl acetone | 3796-63-2 | C23H38O |
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(5E,13E)-11,15-二羟基-9-氧代前列腺-5,13-二烯-1-酸 | (+/-)-prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> | 363-24-6 | C20H32O5 |
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(4Α,5Α,17Β)-4,5-环氧-3,17-二羟基-4,17-二甲基雄甾-2-烯-2-氰 | Epostane | 80471-63-2 | C22H31NO3 |
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(4aS,8aS,9S)-9-(二甲基氨基)-4a-[[叔丁基二甲基硅烷基]氧基]-8a,9-二氢-3-(苯基甲氧基)-萘并[2,3-d]异恶唑-4,5(4aH,8H)-二酮 | TP-808 | 852821-06-8 | C26H34N2O5Si |
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(4-甲烷磺酰氨甲基)苯基硼酸 | (4-methanesulfonylaminomethylphenyl)boronic acid | 850568-38-6 | C8H12BNO4S |
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(3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-(-)-六氢-4-(羟甲基)-2-氧代-2H-环戊并[b]呋喃-5-基 1,1'-联苯-4-甲酸酯 | (-)-Corey lactone 5-(4-phenylbenzoate) | 31752-99-5 | C21H20O5 |
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(3Z)-3-(二苯并[b,e]氧杂卓-11(6H)-亚基)-N,N-二甲基-1-丙胺 | (Z)-doxepin | 3607-18-9 | C19H21NO |
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(3S)-6-[[2',6'-二甲基-4'-[3-(甲磺酰基)丙氧基][1,1'-联苯]-3-基]甲氧基]-2,3-二氢-3-苯并呋喃乙酸 | [(3S)-6-({2',6'-dimethyl-4'-[3-(methylsulfonyl)propoxy]biphenyl-3-yl}methoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]acetic acid | 1000413-72-8 | C29H32O7S |
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(3R,4S,5S)-3-甲氧基-5-甲基-4-(甲基氨基)庚酸叔丁酯盐酸盐 | tert-butyl (3R,4S,5S)-3-methoxy-5-methyl-4-(methylamino)heptanoate hydrochloride | 120205-48-3 | C14H29NO3*ClH |
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(3R,4S)-8-羟基-3,4,5-三甲基-6-氧代-4,6-二氢-3H-异苯并吡喃-7-羧酸 | Citrinin | 11118-72-2 | C13H14O5 |
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(3R)-3-氨基吡咯烷-3-羧酸 | (3R)-3-aminopyrrolidin-1-ium-3-carboxylate | 6807-92-7 | C5H10N2O2 |
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(3R)-1-(3-氟苯基)-3-吡咯烷-3-(4-甲基苯磺酸酯) | (R)-1-(3-Fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate | 873945-29-0 | C17H18FNO3S |
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(3-甲烷磺酰氨甲基)苯基硼酸 | [3-(methanesulfonamidomethyl)phenyl]boronic acid | 850568-39-7 | C8H12BNO4S |
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(3-氟-4-吗啉-4-基苯基)氨基甲酸苄酯 | benzyl 3-fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenylcarbamate | 168828-81-7 | C18H19FN2O3 |
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(2beta,3alpha,5alpha,16beta,17beta)-3,17-二乙酰氧基-16-(1-甲基-1-哌啶鎓基)-2-(1-哌啶基)雄甾烷 | Vecuronium | 86029-43-8 | C34H57N2O4+ |
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(2Z,4E,6Z,8E)-3,7-二甲基-9-(2,6,6-三甲基-1-环己烯基)壬-2,4,6,8-四烯酸 | 9,13-di-cis-retinoic acid | 5352-74-9 | C20H28O2 |
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(2S-cis)-(+)-2,3-二氢-3-羟基-2-(4-甲氧苯基)-1,5-苯并硫氮杂卓-4(5H)-酮 | 3<i>c</i>-hydroxy-2<i>r</i>-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>b</i>][1,4]thiazepin-4-one | 42399-49-5 | C16H15NO3S |
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