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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— S-[6-[[5-[5-[acetyl(ethyl)amino]-4-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-[[9-hydroxy-12-(methoxycarbonylamino)-13-[2-(methyltrisulfanyl)ethylidene]-11-oxo-2-bicyclo[7.3.1]trideca-1(12),5-dien-3,7-diynyl]oxy]-2-methyloxan-3-yl]amino]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] 4-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-5-iodo-2,3-dimethoxy-6-methylbenzenecarbothioate 108212-76-6 C57H76IN3O22S4
    S-[6-[[5-[5-[acetyl(ethyl)amino]-4-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-[[9-hydroxy-12-(methoxycarbonylamino)-13-[2-(methyltrisulfanyl)ethylidene]-11-oxo-2-bicyclo[7.3.1]trideca-1(12),5-dien-3,7-diynyl]oxy]-2-methyloxan-3-yl]amino]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] 4-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-5-iodo-2,3-dimethoxy-6-methylbenzenecarbothioate
    —— cyclothiazide 2259-96-3 C14H16ClN3O4S2
    cyclothiazide
    —— Vitamin c magnesium phosphate 113170-55-1 C12H18Mg3O18P2
    Vitamin c magnesium phosphate
    —— Benzylpenicillin sodium salt 69-57-8 C16H17N2O4S*Na
    Benzylpenicillin sodium salt
    —— 3-epi-tobramycin sulfate 49842-07-1 2C18H37N5O9*5H2O4S
    3-epi-tobramycin sulfate
    —— ampicillin Trihydrate 5187-94-0 C16H19N3O4S*3H2O
    ampicillin Trihydrate
    —— 3-methoxy-6-(3'-methoxybenzylthio)-2-phenylimidazo<1,2-b>pyridazine 121041-08-5 C21H19N3O2S
    3-methoxy-6-(3'-methoxybenzylthio)-2-phenylimidazo<1,2-b>pyridazine
    —— Oestetrol 15183-14-9 C18H24O4
    Oestetrol
    —— Prednisolon-dinatriumphosphat 125-02-0 C21H27O8P*2Na
    Prednisolon-dinatriumphosphat
    —— p-hydroxymethylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranoside 64291-41-4 C21H26O11
    p-hydroxymethylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranoside
    —— magnesium dioxide 1309-42-8 MgO2
    magnesium dioxide
    —— 6α-Fluoro-11β,21-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-16α-methylpregna-1,4-dien 152-97-6 C22H29FO4
    6α-Fluoro-11β,21-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-16α-methylpregna-1,4-dien
    —— 3-[2,7-bis(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-17-[3-[2-[[5-(5,6-dimethyl-3H-benzimidazol-1-ium-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxypropylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-18-(2-imino-2-oxidoethyl)-3,13-bis(3-imino-3-oxidopropyl)-1,2,5,7,12,12,15,17-octamethyl-3,8,13,18,19,22-hexahydrocorrin-8-yl]propanimidate;cobalt(3+);hydrate;hydrochloride 58288-50-9 C62H90ClCoN13O15P
    3-[2,7-bis(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-17-[3-[2-[[5-(5,6-dimethyl-3H-benzimidazol-1-ium-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxypropylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-18-(2-imino-2-oxidoethyl)-3,13-bis(3-imino-3-oxidopropyl)-1,2,5,7,12,12,15,17-octamethyl-3,8,13,18,19,22-hexahydrocorrin-8-yl]propanimidate;cobalt(3+);hydrate;hydrochloride
    —— H-Gly-DL-xiIle-Gly-DL-Lys-DL-Phe-DL-Leu-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-Ala-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-Phe-Gly-DL-Lys-DL-Ala-DL-Phe-DL-Val-DL-Lys-DL-xiIle-DL-Leu-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-NH2 147664-63-9 C122H210N32O22
    H-Gly-DL-xiIle-Gly-DL-Lys-DL-Phe-DL-Leu-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-Ala-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-Phe-Gly-DL-Lys-DL-Ala-DL-Phe-DL-Val-DL-Lys-DL-xiIle-DL-Leu-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-NH2
    —— lead acetate 301-04-2 C4H6O4Pb
    lead acetate
    —— 2392-39-4 C22H30FNaO8P
    —— oxytetracycline hydrochloride 2058-46-0 C22H24N2O9*ClH
    oxytetracycline hydrochloride
    —— sodium,5-ethyl-5-[(2S)-pentan-2-yl]-2-sulfanylidenepyrimidin-3-ide-4,6-dione 71-73-8 C11H16N2O2S*2Na
    sodium,5-ethyl-5-[(2S)-pentan-2-yl]-2-sulfanylidenepyrimidin-3-ide-4,6-dione
    —— sulbenicillin 28002-18-8 C16H16N2O7S2*2Na
    sulbenicillin
    —— Sodium Nitroprusside 14402-89-2 C5H4FeN6Na2O3
    Sodium Nitroprusside
    —— 1-[(4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-iodopyrimidine-2,4-dione 54-42-2 C9H11IN2O5
    1-[(4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-iodopyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— Siccanin 22733-60-4 C22H30O3
    Siccanin
    —— minocycline hydrochloride 13614-98-7 C23H27N3O7*ClH
    minocycline hydrochloride
    —— <i>meso</i>-hexa-<i>N</i>-methyl-4,4'-(1,2-diethyl-ethanediyl)-di-anilinium; diiodide 604-92-2 C24H38N2*2I
    <i>meso</i>-hexa-<i>N</i>-methyl-4,4'-(1,2-diethyl-ethanediyl)-di-anilinium; diiodide
    —— 3-(2-Chlorphenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolylpenicillin (Dibenzylethylendiamin-Salz) 23736-58-5 C16H20N2*C19H18ClN3O5S
    3-(2-Chlorphenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolylpenicillin (Dibenzylethylendiamin-Salz)
    —— oxytetracycline hydrochloride 2058-46-0 C22H24N2O9*ClH
    oxytetracycline hydrochloride
    —— menaquinone-7 2124-57-4 C46H64O2
    menaquinone-7
    —— 3-endo-Tosylureido-borneol 24266-69-1 C18H26N2O4S
    3-endo-Tosylureido-borneol
    —— 3-endo-Tosylureido-borneol 24266-69-1 C18H26N2O4S
    3-endo-Tosylureido-borneol
    —— Dexamethasone valerate 2152-44-5 C27H37FO6
    Dexamethasone valerate
    —— ticarcillin 3973-04-4 C15H16N2O6S2
    ticarcillin
    —— 2β,3β-Epithio-5α-androstan-17β-ol 2136-25-6 C19H30OS
    2β,3β-Epithio-5α-androstan-17β-ol
    —— des-Gly-NH210(L-Leu6)-LH-RH-aethylamid ((Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-L-Leu-Leu-Arg-Pro-NH-CH2-CH3) 53714-56-0 C59H84N16O12
    des-Gly-NH210(L-Leu6)-LH-RH-aethylamid ((Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-L-Leu-Leu-Arg-Pro-NH-CH2-CH3)
    —— 20167-21-9 C10H13N3O6S*3Na
    —— (10R,13S,17R)-17-acetyl-17-hydroxy-6,13-dimethyl-1,2,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 5514-85-2 C21H28O3
    (10R,13S,17R)-17-acetyl-17-hydroxy-6,13-dimethyl-1,2,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
    —— 3,7,12-Trihydroxy-N-{2-hydroxy-2-[(2-sulfoethyl)imino]ethyl}cholan-24-imidic acid--sodium (1/1) 11006-55-6 C28H49N2NaO8S
    3,7,12-Trihydroxy-N-{2-hydroxy-2-[(2-sulfoethyl)imino]ethyl}cholan-24-imidic acid--sodium (1/1)
    —— norgestimate 20799-27-3 C23H31NO3
    norgestimate
    —— cefotetan disodium 74356-00-6 C17H15N7O8S4*2Na
    cefotetan disodium
    —— (+)-spectinomycin dihydrochloride 21736-83-4 C14H24N2O7*2ClH
    (+)-spectinomycin dihydrochloride
    —— (1S),3(R)-bis<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-9,10-secocholesta-5(Z),7(E),10(19)-trien-25-ol 140710-96-9 C39H72O3Si2
    (1S),3(R)-bis<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-9,10-secocholesta-5(Z),7(E),10(19)-trien-25-ol
    —— trans-Carboprost 35700-23-3 C21H36O5
    trans-Carboprost
    —— H-gGlu-Cys-Gly-OH.2Na+ 20167-21-9 C10H15N3Na2O6S
    H-gGlu-Cys-Gly-OH.2Na+
    —— L-pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-L-tryptophyl-L-seryl-L-tyrosylglycyl-L-leucyl-L-arginyl-L-prolylglycinamide 33515-09-2 C55H77N17O12
    L-pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-L-tryptophyl-L-seryl-L-tyrosylglycyl-L-leucyl-L-arginyl-L-prolylglycinamide
    —— 3-hydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-11-one 566-02-9 C21H32O4
    3-hydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-11-one
    —— [2-[(9R,17R)-9-fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-10,13,16-trimethyl-3-oxo-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-oxoethyl] acetate 987-24-6 C24H31FO6
    [2-[(9R,17R)-9-fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-10,13,16-trimethyl-3-oxo-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-oxoethyl] acetate
    —— n-butylscopolamine bromide 149-64-4 Br*C21H30NO4
    n-butylscopolamine bromide
    —— Mupirocin 12650-69-0 C26H44O9
    Mupirocin
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-ethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-aza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid 58001-44-8 C8H9NO5
    3-(2-hydroxy-ethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-aza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— chloropromazine cation radical 50-53-3 C17H19ClN2S
    chloropromazine cation radical
    —— nandrolone phenpropionate 62-90-8 C27H34O3
    nandrolone phenpropionate