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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Cinnarazine 298-57-7 C26H28N2
    Cinnarazine
    —— Antibiotic M 4365A2 35834-26-5 C31H51NO9
    Antibiotic M 4365A2
    —— 3'-(L-alpha-Amino-p-methoxyhydrocinnamamido)-3'-deoxy-N,N-dimethyladenosine dihydrochloride 58-58-2 C22H30ClN7O5
    3'-(L-alpha-Amino-p-methoxyhydrocinnamamido)-3'-deoxy-N,N-dimethyladenosine dihydrochloride
    —— Bisantrene 71439-68-4 C22H22N8
    Bisantrene
    —— 21,23-Dioxa[13]cytochalasa-13,19-diene-1,17,22-trione, 6,7-epoxy-18-hydroxy-16,18-dimethyl-10-phenyl-, (7S,13E,16S,18R,19E)- 36011-19-5 C28H33NO7
    21,23-Dioxa[13]cytochalasa-13,19-diene-1,17,22-trione, 6,7-epoxy-18-hydroxy-16,18-dimethyl-10-phenyl-, (7S,13E,16S,18R,19E)-
    —— 4-Diethylaminosalicylicacid 99631-11-5 C23H28O6
    4-Diethylaminosalicylicacid
    —— 1,6,7,8,9,11a,12,13,14,14a-Decahydro-1,13-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-cyclopent(f)oxacyclotridecin-4-one 84277-18-9 C16H24O4
    1,6,7,8,9,11a,12,13,14,14a-Decahydro-1,13-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-cyclopent(f)oxacyclotridecin-4-one
    —— Fumagillin from Aspergillus fumigatus, >=90%, powder 23110-15-8 C26H34O7
    Fumagillin from Aspergillus fumigatus, >=90%, powder
    —— radicicol 12772-57-5 C18H17ClO6
    radicicol
    —— (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid 93957-54-1 C24H26FNO4
    (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
    —— 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 55268-75-2 C16H16N4O8S
    3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (10E)-6-[4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-10-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxyimino)-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecan-2-one 80214-83-1 C41H76N2O15
    (10E)-6-[4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-10-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxyimino)-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecan-2-one
    —— (12Z,17Z,19Z)-6-[2-(diethylamino)ethylsulfonyl]-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),12,17,19,25(28)-pentaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone 112362-50-2 C34H50N4O9S
    (12Z,17Z,19Z)-6-[2-(diethylamino)ethylsulfonyl]-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),12,17,19,25(28)-pentaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone
    —— 2-[(11Z,13Z)-6-[5-(4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-[5-(dimethylamino)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde 8025-81-8 C43H74N2O14
    2-[(11Z,13Z)-6-[5-(4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-[5-(dimethylamino)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde
    —— (E)-Ceftriaxone 104376-79-6 C18H18N8O7S3
    (E)-Ceftriaxone
    —— Ceftriaxone disodium salt hemi(heptahydrate) 104376-79-6 C18H16N8Na2O7S3
    Ceftriaxone disodium salt hemi(heptahydrate)
    —— (3R,4S,5S,6R,7R,9R,10Z,11S,12R,13S,14R)-6-[4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-10-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxyimino)-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecan-2-one 80214-83-1 C41H76N2O15
    (3R,4S,5S,6R,7R,9R,10Z,11S,12R,13S,14R)-6-[4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-10-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxyimino)-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecan-2-one
    —— (E)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methoxy]-2-imidazol-1-ylethanimine;nitric acid 64211-46-7 C18H14Cl4N4O4
    (E)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methoxy]-2-imidazol-1-ylethanimine;nitric acid
    —— 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methoxy]-2-(1-imidazolyl)ethanimine 64211-46-7 C18H13Cl4N3O
    1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methoxy]-2-(1-imidazolyl)ethanimine
    —— Ceftazidime pentahydrate 78439-06-2 C22H32N6O12S2
    Ceftazidime pentahydrate
    —— (E)-N-(4-((2-carbamothioylhydrazono)methyl)phenyl)acetamide 104-06-3 C10H12N4OS
    (E)-N-(4-((2-carbamothioylhydrazono)methyl)phenyl)acetamide
    —— 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 32222-06-3 C27H44O3
    1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3
    —— Rifomycin B diethylamide 2750-76-7 C43H58N2O13
    Rifomycin B diethylamide
    —— Medemycin 35457-80-8 C41H67NO15
    Medemycin
    —— Leptomycin A 87081-36-5 C32H46O6
    Leptomycin A
    —— (E)-5-Methoxy-1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pentan-1-one O-(2-aminoethyl) oxime maleate 61718-82-9 C19H25F3N2O6
    (E)-5-Methoxy-1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pentan-1-one O-(2-aminoethyl) oxime maleate
    —— [(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10S,16R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-5-[(2S,4R,5S,6S)-4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-5-propanoyloxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-4-yl] propanoate 35457-80-8 C41H67NO15
    [(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10S,16R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-5-[(2S,4R,5S,6S)-4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-5-propanoyloxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-4-yl] propanoate
    —— 4-[(2Z,4E)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexa-2,4-dien-3-yl]phenol 84-17-3 C18H18O2
    4-[(2Z,4E)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexa-2,4-dien-3-yl]phenol
    —— Extramycin 53179-09-2 C19H39N5O11S
    Extramycin
    —— Fosfomycin calcium salt 26016-98-8 C3H5CaO4P
    Fosfomycin calcium salt
    —— Methscopolamine bromide 155-41-9 C18H24BrNO4
    Methscopolamine bromide
    —— (3S,4S,6R)-3-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(methylamino)-29-oxa-1,7,17-triazaoctacyclo[12.12.2.12,6.07,28.08,13.015,19.020,27.021,26]nonacosa-8,10,12,14,19,21,23,25,27-nonaen-16-one 62996-74-1 C28H26N4O3
    (3S,4S,6R)-3-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(methylamino)-29-oxa-1,7,17-triazaoctacyclo[12.12.2.12,6.07,28.08,13.015,19.020,27.021,26]nonacosa-8,10,12,14,19,21,23,25,27-nonaen-16-one
    —— Succinyl dihydroartemisinin 182824-33-5 C19H28O8
    Succinyl dihydroartemisinin
    —— leptomycin B 87081-35-4 C33H48O6
    leptomycin B
    —— artemisinin 63968-64-9 C15H22O5
    artemisinin
    —— Cocculus 124-87-8 C15H18O7.C15H16O6
    Cocculus
    —— Cefuzoname 82219-78-1 C16H15N7O5S4
    Cefuzoname
    —— (1S,4E,5'R,6R,6'R,7S,8R,10S,11S,12R,14S,15R,16S,18E,20E,22S,25R,27R,28R,29S)-22-ethyl-7,11,14,15-tetrahydroxy-6'-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5',6,8,10,12,14,16,28,29-nonamethylspiro[2,26-dioxabicyclo[23.3.1]nonacosa-4,18,20-triene-27,2'-oxane]-3,3',9,13-tetrone 11050-94-5 C45H72O12
    (1S,4E,5'R,6R,6'R,7S,8R,10S,11S,12R,14S,15R,16S,18E,20E,22S,25R,27R,28R,29S)-22-ethyl-7,11,14,15-tetrahydroxy-6'-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5',6,8,10,12,14,16,28,29-nonamethylspiro[2,26-dioxabicyclo[23.3.1]nonacosa-4,18,20-triene-27,2'-oxane]-3,3',9,13-tetrone
    —— Brefeldin, 7-epi 83710-00-3 C16H24O4
    Brefeldin, 7-epi
    —— Anatran 3598-37-6 C23H26N2O5S
    Anatran
    —— Ceftiofur E-isomer 80370-57-6 C19H17N5O7S3
    Ceftiofur E-isomer
    —— tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 202138-50-9 C4H4O4*C19H30N5O10P
    tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
    —— ceftazidime monosodium salt 73547-61-2 C22H21N6O7S2*Na
    ceftazidime monosodium salt
    —— (6R,7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;hydrogen sulfate 84957-30-2 C23H26N6O9S3
    (6R,7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;hydrogen sulfate
    —— Pharmakon1600-01503921 2098-66-0 C22H27ClO3
    Pharmakon1600-01503921
    —— Homatropin 87-00-3 C16H21NO3
    Homatropin
    —— Pharmakon1600-00300565 17692-51-2 C25H29N3O2
    Pharmakon1600-00300565
    —— [(5S)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate;bromide 80-49-9 C17H24BrNO3
    [(5S)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate;bromide
    —— (1S,3E,4S)-3-[(2E)-2-[(3aS,7aR)-1-[(E,2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylcyclohexan-1-ol 67-96-9 C28H46O
    (1S,3E,4S)-3-[(2E)-2-[(3aS,7aR)-1-[(E,2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylcyclohexan-1-ol
    —— Pharmakon1600-01503273 13609-67-1 C25H36O6
    Pharmakon1600-01503273