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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Pharmakon1600-01502041 42540-40-9 C19H18N6NaO6S2+
    Pharmakon1600-01502041
    —— Isochlortetracycline 514-53-4 C22H23ClN2O8
    Isochlortetracycline
    —— Pharmakon1600-01500606 1069-66-5 C8H16NaO2+
    Pharmakon1600-01500606
    —— Meclocycline 2013-58-3 C22H21ClN2O8
    Meclocycline
    —— Crestor (TN) 147098-20-2 C22H28CaFN3O6S+2
    Crestor (TN)
    —— doxycycline 7164-70-7 C22H24N2O8
    doxycycline
    —— 2-Naphthacenecarboxamide, 7-chloro-4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-, hydrochloride 64-72-2 C22H24Cl2N2O8
    2-Naphthacenecarboxamide, 7-chloro-4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-, hydrochloride
    —— Chlorotetracycline 57-62-5 C22H23ClN2O8
    Chlorotetracycline
    —— 4-Epidoxycycline 6543-77-7 C22H24N2O8
    4-Epidoxycycline
    —— 2-Naphthacenecarboxamide, 4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,5,6,10,12,12a-hexahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-, (4R,4aR,5S,5aR,6S,12aS)- 14206-58-7 C22H24N2O9
    2-Naphthacenecarboxamide, 4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,5,6,10,12,12a-hexahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-, (4R,4aR,5S,5aR,6S,12aS)-
    —— Calcium oxytetracycline 7179-50-2 C22H22CaN2O9
    Calcium oxytetracycline
    —— Pyrvinium embonate 3546-41-6 C75H70N6O6
    Pyrvinium embonate
    —— Oxytetracycline dihydrate 6153-64-6 C22H28N2O11
    Oxytetracycline dihydrate
    —— Meclosorb 2013-58-3 C22H21ClN2O8
    Meclosorb
    —— Vulcamycin 1476-53-5 C31H36N2NaO11+
    Vulcamycin
    —— novobiocin sodium salt 1476-53-5 C31H36N2O11*Na
    novobiocin sodium salt
    —— Lymecycline 992-21-2 C29H38N4O10
    Lymecycline
    —— sodium;4-[[7-[(3R,4S,5R)-4-carbamoyloxy-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-8-methyl-2-oxochromen-3-yl]carbamoyl]-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenolate 1476-53-5 C31H35N2NaO11
    sodium;4-[[7-[(3R,4S,5R)-4-carbamoyloxy-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-8-methyl-2-oxochromen-3-yl]carbamoyl]-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenolate
    —— Albamycin;Cathomycin 1476-53-5 C31H35N2NaO11
    Albamycin;Cathomycin
    —— sodium;4-[[7-[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4-carbamoyloxy-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-8-methyl-2-oxochromen-3-yl]carbamoyl]-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenolate 1476-53-5 C31H35N2NaO11
    sodium;4-[[7-[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4-carbamoyloxy-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-8-methyl-2-oxochromen-3-yl]carbamoyl]-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenolate
    —— 5-DFUR (Doxifluridine) 98% 3094-09-5 C9H11FN2O5
    5-DFUR (Doxifluridine) 98%
    —— (3S,4R)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxymethyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperidine;hydrate 110429-35-1 C38H42F2N2O7
    (3S,4R)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxymethyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperidine;hydrate
    —— Antibiotic A-13001-C 61991-54-6 C47H83NO17
    Antibiotic A-13001-C
    —— trans-2-(((1-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-((2-methyl-4-oxo-1-sulphoazetidin-3-yl)amino)-2-oxoethylidene)amino)oxy)-2-methylpropionic acid 85506-30-5 C13H17N5O8S2
    trans-2-(((1-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-((2-methyl-4-oxo-1-sulphoazetidin-3-yl)amino)-2-oxoethylidene)amino)oxy)-2-methylpropionic acid
    —— (3aR-(3aalpha,4alpha,5beta,6aalpha))-Hexahydro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-2H-cyclopenta(b)furan-5-yl benzoate 39746-00-4 C15H16O5
    (3aR-(3aalpha,4alpha,5beta,6aalpha))-Hexahydro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-2H-cyclopenta(b)furan-5-yl benzoate
    —— Mepartricin 11121-32-7 C60H88N2O19
    Mepartricin
    —— Quinine hydrogen sulfate 804-63-7 C40H50N4O8S
    Quinine hydrogen sulfate
    —— Pentostam 16037-91-5 C12H37Na3O26Sb2
    Pentostam
    —— (1R,4S,5'S,6R,6'R,8R,12S,13S,20R,21R,24S)-6'-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-21,24-dihydroxy-12-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-5-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5',11,13,22-tetramethylspiro[3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene-6,2'-oxane]-2-one 70288-86-7 C48H74O14
    (1R,4S,5'S,6R,6'R,8R,12S,13S,20R,21R,24S)-6'-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-21,24-dihydroxy-12-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-5-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5',11,13,22-tetramethylspiro[3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene-6,2'-oxane]-2-one
    —— Daptomycin (LY146032) 103060-53-3 C72H101N17O26
    Daptomycin (LY146032)
    —— (1R,3S,5R,8E,12R,14E,16E,18E,20E,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid 7681-93-8 C33H47NO13
    (1R,3S,5R,8E,12R,14E,16E,18E,20E,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid
    —— deamino-Cys(1)-DL-Tyr-DL-xiIle-DL-Gln-DL-Asn-DL-Cys(1)-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 113-78-0 C43H65N11O12S2
    deamino-Cys(1)-DL-Tyr-DL-xiIle-DL-Gln-DL-Asn-DL-Cys(1)-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2
    —— Maduramicin Ammonium Salt 84878-61-5 C47H83NO17
    Maduramicin Ammonium Salt
    —— (1R,3R,8S,9R,12S,13R,14S)-1-hydroxy-14-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-13-methyl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione;(1R,3R,8S,9R,12S,13R,14R)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione 124-87-8 C30H34O13
    (1R,3R,8S,9R,12S,13R,14S)-1-hydroxy-14-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-13-methyl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione;(1R,3R,8S,9R,12S,13R,14R)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione
    —— 2-(diethylamino)ethyl (2S)-2-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-3-[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]propanoate;oxalic acid 3200-06-4 C2H2O4*C24H33NO3
    2-(diethylamino)ethyl (2S)-2-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-3-[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]propanoate;oxalic acid
    —— gold(1+);(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxane-2-thiolate;triethylphosphanium 34031-32-8 C20H35AuO9PS+
    gold(1+);(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxane-2-thiolate;triethylphosphanium
    —— (5R)-N-[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-oxo-1-[[(3S,6S,9S,12S,15R,18S,21S)-6,9,18-tris(2-aminoethyl)-3-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12,15-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-21-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-5-methylheptanamide 1066-17-7 C52H98N16O13
    (5R)-N-[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-oxo-1-[[(3S,6S,9S,12S,15R,18S,21S)-6,9,18-tris(2-aminoethyl)-3-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12,15-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-21-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-5-methylheptanamide
    —— (1R,3S,5R,7R,8E,12R,14E,16Z,18E,20E,22R,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid 52882-37-8 C33H47O13N
    (1R,3S,5R,7R,8E,12R,14E,16Z,18E,20E,22R,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid
    —— (4Z,18Z,20Z)-22-ethyl-7,11,14,15-tetrahydroxy-6'-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5',6,8,10,12,14,16,28,29-nonamethylspiro[2,26-dioxabicyclo[23.3.1]nonacosa-4,18,20-triene-27,2'-oxane]-3,3',9,13-tetrone 11050-94-5 C45H72O12
    (4Z,18Z,20Z)-22-ethyl-7,11,14,15-tetrahydroxy-6'-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5',6,8,10,12,14,16,28,29-nonamethylspiro[2,26-dioxabicyclo[23.3.1]nonacosa-4,18,20-triene-27,2'-oxane]-3,3',9,13-tetrone
    —— (2E,5S,6R,7S,9R,10E,12E,15R,16E,18E)-17-ethyl-6-hydroxy-3,5,7,9,11,15-hexamethyl-19-[(2S,3S)-3-methyl-6-oxo-2,3-dihydropyran-2-yl]-8-oxononadeca-2,10,12,16,18-pentaenoic acid 87081-35-4 C33H48O6
    (2E,5S,6R,7S,9R,10E,12E,15R,16E,18E)-17-ethyl-6-hydroxy-3,5,7,9,11,15-hexamethyl-19-[(2S,3S)-3-methyl-6-oxo-2,3-dihydropyran-2-yl]-8-oxononadeca-2,10,12,16,18-pentaenoic acid
    —— [(16Z,18E)-11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8,23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl] 2-[acetyl(methyl)amino]propanoate 35846-53-8 C34H46ClN3O10
    [(16Z,18E)-11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8,23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl] 2-[acetyl(methyl)amino]propanoate
    —— 1-[(4R,5S)-5-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-N(2)-(10,12-dimethyl-1-oxotetradecyl)-4-hydroxy-L-ornithine]-5-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-L-ornithine]-pneumocandin B0 162808-62-0 C52H88N10O15
    1-[(4R,5S)-5-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-N(2)-(10,12-dimethyl-1-oxotetradecyl)-4-hydroxy-L-ornithine]-5-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-L-ornithine]-pneumocandin B0
    —— Ceramide 1 179186-46-0 C63H125NO6
    Ceramide 1
    —— (2S,4S)-4-cyclohexyl-1-[2-[[(1R)-2-methyl-1-propanoyloxypropoxy]-(4-phenylbutyl)phosphoryl]acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 98048-97-6 C30H46NO7P
    (2S,4S)-4-cyclohexyl-1-[2-[[(1R)-2-methyl-1-propanoyloxypropoxy]-(4-phenylbutyl)phosphoryl]acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
    —— Hyoscyamine sulfate monohydrate 5908-99-6 C34H50N2O11S
    Hyoscyamine sulfate monohydrate
    —— (1R,3S,5R,7R,8E,12R,14E,16E,18E,20E,22R,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid 7681-93-8 C33H47O13N
    (1R,3S,5R,7R,8E,12R,14E,16E,18E,20E,22R,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid
    —— (6S,7S)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(2-carboxypropan-2-yloxyimino)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-(pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 72558-82-8 C22H22N6O7S2
    (6S,7S)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(2-carboxypropan-2-yloxyimino)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-(pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— 1-[(2R,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4-dione 3094-09-5 C9H11FN2O5
    1-[(2R,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— Caspofungin (Acetate) 179463-17-3 C56H96N10O19
    Caspofungin (Acetate)
    —— 1-Azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid,3-[[(3S,5S)-5-[[(3-carboxyphenyl)amino]carbonyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]thio]-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-, monosodium salt, (4R,5S,6S)- 153773-82-1 C22H25N3NaO7S
    1-Azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid,3-[[(3S,5S)-5-[[(3-carboxyphenyl)amino]carbonyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]thio]-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-, monosodium salt, (4R,5S,6S)-