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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Iron;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid 299-29-6 C12H24FeO14
    Iron;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
    —— (2R,4R)-1-[5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-2-[(3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-8-yl)sulfonylamino]pentanoyl]-4-methylpiperidine-2-carboxylic acid 74863-84-6 C23H36N6O5S
    (2R,4R)-1-[5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-2-[(3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-8-yl)sulfonylamino]pentanoyl]-4-methylpiperidine-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (4S,7R,8S,9S,16S)-4,8-dihydroxy-5,5,7,9,13-pentamethyl-16-[1-(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)prop-1-en-2-yl]-1-oxacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,6-dione 189453-10-9 C27H41NO5S
    (4S,7R,8S,9S,16S)-4,8-dihydroxy-5,5,7,9,13-pentamethyl-16-[1-(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)prop-1-en-2-yl]-1-oxacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,6-dione
    —— (6R,7R)-7-[(2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetyl)amino]-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;dihydrate 31828-50-9 C16H23N3O6S
    (6R,7R)-7-[(2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetyl)amino]-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;dihydrate
    —— 1-[Amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]-2-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexadeuteriopropan-2-yl)guanidine 500-92-5 C11H16ClN5
    1-[Amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]-2-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexadeuteriopropan-2-yl)guanidine
    —— N-[(6S,12S,15S,16S,19R,22S)-3-benzyl-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide;(10S,11S,12E,17E,19E,21S)-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),6,12,17,19,25(28)-hexaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone 11006-76-1 C71H84N10O17
    N-[(6S,12S,15S,16S,19R,22S)-3-benzyl-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide;(10S,11S,12E,17E,19E,21S)-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),6,12,17,19,25(28)-hexaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone
    —— ansamitocin P 3' 66547-09-9 C32H43ClN2O9
    ansamitocin P 3'
    —— 7-{2-(2-Amino-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(Z)-carboxymethoxyimino]-acetylamino}-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 72701-01-0 C15H15N5O7S2
    7-{2-(2-Amino-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(Z)-carboxymethoxyimino]-acetylamino}-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— [2-[2-[2-[[6-amino-2-[3-amino-1-[(2,3-diamino-3-oxopropyl)amino]-3-oxopropyl]-5-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonyl]amino]-3-[[5-[[1-[2-[4-[4-(3-dimethylsulfoniopropylcarbamoyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]ethylamino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-3-oxopropoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxymethanimidate;sulfuric acid 9041-93-4 C55H85N17O25S4
    [2-[2-[2-[[6-amino-2-[3-amino-1-[(2,3-diamino-3-oxopropyl)amino]-3-oxopropyl]-5-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonyl]amino]-3-[[5-[[1-[2-[4-[4-(3-dimethylsulfoniopropylcarbamoyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]ethylamino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-3-oxopropoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxymethanimidate;sulfuric acid
    —— 5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid calcium salt hydrate 1492-18-8 C20H23CaN7O8
    5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid calcium salt hydrate
    —— (4R)-4-[(3R,5R,6S,10R,13R,17R)-3,6-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoic acid 83-49-8 C24H40O4
    (4R)-4-[(3R,5R,6S,10R,13R,17R)-3,6-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoic acid
    —— Methylhesperidin 11013-97-1 C29H36O15
    Methylhesperidin
    —— Dtxcid7028691 337-03-1 C21H29FO4
    Dtxcid7028691
    —— 17-beta-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-5-alpha-androstan-3-one 434-07-1 C21H32O3
    17-beta-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-5-alpha-androstan-3-one
    —— Zinc Oxide 55204-38-1 OZn
    Zinc Oxide
    —— Unii-S7RL72610R 12542-36-8 C33H36O9
    Unii-S7RL72610R
    —— Furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d]-1,3-dioxol-6(5aH)-one, 9-[[4,6-O-(1R)-ethylidene-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-, (5R,5aR,8aR,9S)- 33419-42-0 C29H32O13
    Furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d]-1,3-dioxol-6(5aH)-one, 9-[[4,6-O-(1R)-ethylidene-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-, (5R,5aR,8aR,9S)-
    —— N-Demethyllincomycin 2256-16-8 C17H32N2O6S
    N-Demethyllincomycin
    —— Lincocin 859-18-7 C18H35ClN2O6S
    Lincocin
    —— 22-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid 7681-93-8 C33H47O13N
    22-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid
    —— (R)-[(2S,4R,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol;sulfuric acid;dihydrate 6119-70-6 C40H54N4O10S
    (R)-[(2S,4R,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol;sulfuric acid;dihydrate
    —— carbamic acid [(3R,5S,6R,7S,10S,11S)-6-hydroxy-5,11,21-trimethoxy-3,7,9,15-tetramethyl-16,20,22-trioxo-17-azabicyclo[16.3.1]docosa-1(21),8,12,14,18-pentaen-10-yl] ester 30562-34-6 C29H40N2O9
    carbamic acid [(3R,5S,6R,7S,10S,11S)-6-hydroxy-5,11,21-trimethoxy-3,7,9,15-tetramethyl-16,20,22-trioxo-17-azabicyclo[16.3.1]docosa-1(21),8,12,14,18-pentaen-10-yl] ester
    —— (6R,7R)-7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;hydrochloride 75738-58-8 C32H35ClN18O10S6
    (6R,7R)-7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;hydrochloride
    —— 2-[3-(diaminomethylideneamino)-4-[3-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylamino)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-formyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]oxy-2,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexyl]guanidine;sulfuric acid 3810-74-0 C42H84N14O36S3
    2-[3-(diaminomethylideneamino)-4-[3-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylamino)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-formyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]oxy-2,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexyl]guanidine;sulfuric acid
    —— itraconazole 110588-57-3 C35H38F2N8O4
    itraconazole
    —— 4-acetamidobenzoic acid;9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1H-purin-6-one;1-(dimethylamino)propan-2-ol 36703-88-5 C24H34N6O9
    4-acetamidobenzoic acid;9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1H-purin-6-one;1-(dimethylamino)propan-2-ol
    —— Sodium antimonyl L-tartrate 34521-09-0 C8H4Na2O12Sb2
    Sodium antimonyl L-tartrate
    —— prednisolone sodium succinate 1715-33-9 C25H31O8*Na
    prednisolone sodium succinate
    —— (6R,7R)-7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-(6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;hydrogen sulfate 98753-19-6 C22H24N6O9S3
    (6R,7R)-7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-(6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;hydrogen sulfate
    —— Glymidine sodium 3459-20-9 C13H14N3NaO4S
    Glymidine sodium
    —— 6-Hydroxyhyoscyamine 55869-99-3 C17H23NO4
    6-Hydroxyhyoscyamine
    —— Agrimophol 65792-05-4 C26H34O8
    Agrimophol
    —— sodium;(6R,7R)-7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 68401-82-1 C13H12N5NaO5S2
    sodium;(6R,7R)-7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— Azithromycin hydrate 117772-70-0 C38H76N2O14
    Azithromycin hydrate
    —— 2-[3-(diaminomethylideneamino)-4-[3-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylamino)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]oxy-2,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexyl]guanidine;sulfuric acid 1425-61-2 C21H43N7O16S
    2-[3-(diaminomethylideneamino)-4-[3-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylamino)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]oxy-2,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexyl]guanidine;sulfuric acid
    —— gold(1+);3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxane-2-thiolate;triethylphosphane 34031-32-8 C20H34AuO9PS
    gold(1+);3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxane-2-thiolate;triethylphosphane
    —— (1S,9R,11S,14S,15S)-15-methyl-9-[9-(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentanesulfinyl)nonyl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-triene-5,14-diol 129453-61-8 C32H47F5O3S
    (1S,9R,11S,14S,15S)-15-methyl-9-[9-(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentanesulfinyl)nonyl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-triene-5,14-diol
    —— (1S,3Z,7R,11E,13R,15R)-2,15-dihydroxy-7-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[11.3.0]hexadeca-3,11-dien-5-one 20350-15-6 C16H24O4
    (1S,3Z,7R,11E,13R,15R)-2,15-dihydroxy-7-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[11.3.0]hexadeca-3,11-dien-5-one
    —— (1R,2R,3E,7S,13S,15S)-2,15-dihydroxy-7-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[11.3.0]hexadeca-3,11-dien-5-one 20350-15-6 C16H24O4
    (1R,2R,3E,7S,13S,15S)-2,15-dihydroxy-7-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[11.3.0]hexadeca-3,11-dien-5-one
    —— (1S,2S)-2-[(2R,4Z,6E,8S,9R,13R,15R,16R)-7-cyano-8,16-dihydroxy-9,11,13,15-tetramethyl-18-oxo-1-oxacyclooctadeca-4,6-dien-2-yl]cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid 7184-60-3 C28H43NO6
    (1S,2S)-2-[(2R,4Z,6E,8S,9R,13R,15R,16R)-7-cyano-8,16-dihydroxy-9,11,13,15-tetramethyl-18-oxo-1-oxacyclooctadeca-4,6-dien-2-yl]cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— (6S,7S)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(2-carboxypropan-2-yloxyimino)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-(pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 72558-82-8 C22H22N6O7S2
    (6S,7S)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(2-carboxypropan-2-yloxyimino)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-(pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— sodium;(6S,7S)-3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 56238-63-2 C16H15N4NaO8S
    sodium;(6S,7S)-3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— (3R,4R,6R)-5-[(3R,4R,6R)-5-[(3R,4S,6R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[[(1S,4R,5S,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl]amino]oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4-triol 56180-94-0 C25H43NO18
    (3R,4R,6R)-5-[(3R,4R,6R)-5-[(3R,4S,6R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[[(1S,4R,5S,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl]amino]oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4-triol
    —— Magnesium potassium aspartate 8076-65-1 C4H5KMgNO4+
    Magnesium potassium aspartate
    —— Priomicina 26016-99-9 C3H7NaO4P+
    Priomicina
    —— Cefaloject 24356-60-3 C17H17N3NaO6S2+
    Cefaloject
    —— 5-Amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-[4,6-diamino-2-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxyoxane-3,4-diol;sulfuric acid 53797-35-6 C17H36N4O14S
    5-Amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-[4,6-diamino-2-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxyoxane-3,4-diol;sulfuric acid
    —— potassium hydrogen diformate 20642-05-1 CHO2*CH2O2*K
    potassium hydrogen diformate
    —— Celestone Phosphate 151-73-5 C22H30FNaO8P+
    Celestone Phosphate
    —— 4-[(1S)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid 51-40-1 C12H17NO9
    4-[(1S)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid