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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— sulfadimethoxine sodium 1037-50-9 C12H13N4O4S*Na
    sulfadimethoxine sodium
    —— (R)-Timolol (maleate) 26791-17-3 C17H28N4O7S
    (R)-Timolol (maleate)
    —— Tremortin A 12627-35-9 C37H44ClNO6
    Tremortin A
    —— [6-[2-chloro-1-[[(2S,4R)-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methylsulfanyloxan-3-yl] dihydrogen phosphate 24729-96-2 C18H34ClN2O8PS
    [6-[2-chloro-1-[[(2S,4R)-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methylsulfanyloxan-3-yl] dihydrogen phosphate
    —— [(1S,12S,26S)-5,6',12-trihydroxy-6,7'-dimethoxy-7,21,30-trimethyl-27-oxospiro[17,19,28-trioxa-24-thia-13,30-diazaheptacyclo[12.9.6.13,11.02,13.04,9.015,23.016,20]triaconta-4(9),5,7,15,20,22-hexaene-26,1'-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinoline]-22-yl] acetate 114899-77-3 C39H43N3O11S
    [(1S,12S,26S)-5,6',12-trihydroxy-6,7'-dimethoxy-7,21,30-trimethyl-27-oxospiro[17,19,28-trioxa-24-thia-13,30-diazaheptacyclo[12.9.6.13,11.02,13.04,9.015,23.016,20]triaconta-4(9),5,7,15,20,22-hexaene-26,1'-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinoline]-22-yl] acetate
    —— (2R,4S,4aR)-3,4,8,10-tetrahydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-9-methoxy-3,4,4a,10b-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]isochromen-6-one 477-90-7 C14H16O9
    (2R,4S,4aR)-3,4,8,10-tetrahydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-9-methoxy-3,4,4a,10b-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]isochromen-6-one
    —— probenecid sodium salt 23795-03-1 C13H18NO4S*Na
    probenecid sodium salt
    —— Lillyl 99094 59917-39-4 C49H71N5O17S
    Lillyl 99094
    —— Icig 1105; NSC 279194; rfcnu 55102-44-8 C18H21ClN4O9
    Icig 1105; NSC 279194; rfcnu
    —— Kmpwyeupvwopim-pswnhghysa- 485-71-2 C19H22N2O
    Kmpwyeupvwopim-pswnhghysa-
    —— Metaprel 5874-97-5 C22H36N2O10S
    Metaprel
    —— blasticidin S 2079-00-7 C17H26N8O5
    blasticidin S
    —— gentamicin C1 1403-66-3 C21H43N5O7
    gentamicin C1
    —— disodium;[2,7-dibromo-9-(2-carboxylatophenyl)-3-oxido-6-oxoxanthen-4-yl]mercury;hydrate 129-16-8 C20H9Br2HgNa2O6
    disodium;[2,7-dibromo-9-(2-carboxylatophenyl)-3-oxido-6-oxoxanthen-4-yl]mercury;hydrate
    —— polyoxin B 19396-06-6 C17H25N5O13
    polyoxin B
    —— (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate;[2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propyl]-propan-2-ylazanium 56392-17-7 C34H56N2O12
    (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate;[2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propyl]-propan-2-ylazanium
    —— Trimeprazine Tartrate 4330-99-8 C40H50N4O6S2
    Trimeprazine Tartrate
    —— Trimetaphan camsylate 68-91-7 C32H40N2O5S2
    Trimetaphan camsylate
    —— Quinidine Sulfate 50-54-4 C40H50N4O8S
    Quinidine Sulfate
    —— [(1S,4R)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-7H-purin-9-ium-9-yl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl]methanol;sulfate 188062-50-2 C28H38N12O6S
    [(1S,4R)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-7H-purin-9-ium-9-yl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl]methanol;sulfate
    —— Leuprorelin acetate 74381-53-6 C61H88N16O14
    Leuprorelin acetate
    —— (1R,3S,5R,7R,12R,22R,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid 7681-93-8 C33H47NO13
    (1R,3S,5R,7R,12R,22R,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(1S,2S,7S,10R,11S,14S,15R,16S,17S,20S,23S)-10,14,16,20-tetramethyl-22-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.015,23.017,22]tetracos-4-en-7-yl]oxy]-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 20562-02-1 C45H73NO15
    (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(1S,2S,7S,10R,11S,14S,15R,16S,17S,20S,23S)-10,14,16,20-tetramethyl-22-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.015,23.017,22]tetracos-4-en-7-yl]oxy]-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— (6R,7R)-7-((Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido)-3-((6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-yl)methyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 84957-29-9 C22H22N6O5S2
    (6R,7R)-7-((Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido)-3-((6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-yl)methyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— 3-acetamido-5-[acetyl(methyl)amino]-2,4,6-triiodo-N-[(3R,4R,5S,6R)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]benzamide 31112-62-6 C18H22I3N3O8
    3-acetamido-5-[acetyl(methyl)amino]-2,4,6-triiodo-N-[(3R,4R,5S,6R)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]benzamide
    —— Zinc;(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate 4468-02-4 C12H22O14Zn
    Zinc;(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate
    —— [3-[[2-(carboxymethoxy)benzoyl]amino]-2-methoxypropyl]mercury;hydrate 486-67-9 C13H18HgNO6
    [3-[[2-(carboxymethoxy)benzoyl]amino]-2-methoxypropyl]mercury;hydrate
    —— (3S)-4-[[(2S)-1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-[3-(2-methylpropoxycarbonylamino)propanoylamino]propanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid 5534-95-2 C37H49N7O9S
    (3S)-4-[[(2S)-1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-[3-(2-methylpropoxycarbonylamino)propanoylamino]propanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid
    —— but-2-enedioic acid;N-[2-hydroxy-5-[1-hydroxy-2-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-ylamino]ethyl]phenyl]formamide 43229-80-7 C42H52N4O12
    but-2-enedioic acid;N-[2-hydroxy-5-[1-hydroxy-2-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-ylamino]ethyl]phenyl]formamide
    —— argatroban 121785-71-5 C23H36N6O5S
    argatroban
    —— [(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10R,16R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-5-[(2S,4R,5S,6S)-4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-5-propanoyloxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-4-yl] propanoate 35457-80-8 C41H67NO15
    [(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10R,16R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-5-[(2S,4R,5S,6S)-4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-5-propanoyloxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-4-yl] propanoate
    —— (1R,3S)-5-[2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-7a-methyl-1-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylenecyclohexane-1,3-diol 41294-56-8 C27H44O2
    (1R,3S)-5-[2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-7a-methyl-1-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylenecyclohexane-1,3-diol
    —— (2R,3'R,3aR,4S,4'R,5'R,6R,6'S,7aS)-4-[(1R,2S,3R,5S,6R)-3-amino-2,6-dihydroxy-5-(methylamino)cyclohexyl]oxy-6'-[(1S)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)spiro[4,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3aH-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]pyran-2,2'-oxane]-3',4',5',7-tetrol 31282-04-9 C20H37N3O13
    (2R,3'R,3aR,4S,4'R,5'R,6R,6'S,7aS)-4-[(1R,2S,3R,5S,6R)-3-amino-2,6-dihydroxy-5-(methylamino)cyclohexyl]oxy-6'-[(1S)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)spiro[4,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3aH-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]pyran-2,2'-oxane]-3',4',5',7-tetrol
    —— Tyrothricin 1404-88-2 C65H85N11O13
    Tyrothricin
    —— cefotiam hexetil dihydrochloride 95789-30-3 C27H37N9O7S3*2ClH
    cefotiam hexetil dihydrochloride
    —— Atroscine 51-34-3 C17H21NO4
    Atroscine
    —— (2S)-3-amino-N-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,5S)-5-amino-4-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(aminomethyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-2-[(3R,4R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-5-methyl-4-(methylamino)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-cyclohexyl]-2-hydroxy-propanamide 58152-03-7 C22H43N5O12
    (2S)-3-amino-N-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,5S)-5-amino-4-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(aminomethyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-2-[(3R,4R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-5-methyl-4-(methylamino)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-cyclohexyl]-2-hydroxy-propanamide
    —— beta-Artemether 71963-77-4 C16H26O5
    beta-Artemether
    —— (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-{[4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy]-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one 83905-01-5 C38H72N2O12
    (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-{[4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy]-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one
    —— dihydroartemisinin 71939-50-9 C15H24O5
    dihydroartemisinin
    —— MMV637229 7723-51-5 C21H26ClNO
    MMV637229
    —— Droxinavir 159910-86-8 C29H51N5O4
    Droxinavir
    —— Caspo 162808-62-0 C52H88N10O15
    Caspo
    —— bismuth (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid 31586-77-3 C12H12BiNa3O18
    bismuth (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
    —— (6R,7S,10R,11R,21S)-6-[2-(diethylamino)ethylsulfonyl]-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),12,17,19,25(28)-pentaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone 112362-50-2 C34H50N4O9S
    (6R,7S,10R,11R,21S)-6-[2-(diethylamino)ethylsulfonyl]-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),12,17,19,25(28)-pentaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone
    —— (8R)-3-[(4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-7,8-dihydro-4H-imidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol 53910-25-1 C11H16N4O4
    (8R)-3-[(4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-7,8-dihydro-4H-imidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol
    —— N-(7-benzyl-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-5,8-dioxo-3-oxa-6,9-diazatricyclo[7.3.0.02,6]dodecan-4-yl)-7-methyl-4,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a-octahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinolin-7-ium-9-carboxamide;methanesulfonate 6190-39-2 CH4O3S*C33H37N5O5
    N-(7-benzyl-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-5,8-dioxo-3-oxa-6,9-diazatricyclo[7.3.0.02,6]dodecan-4-yl)-7-methyl-4,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a-octahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinolin-7-ium-9-carboxamide;methanesulfonate
    —— 1-hydroxy-14-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-13-methyl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione;1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione 1217775-72-8 C30H34O13
    1-hydroxy-14-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-13-methyl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione;1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione
    —— Cephalotaxin a u. b 24316-19-6 C18H21NO4
    Cephalotaxin a u. b
    —— Picolinic acid, chromium salt 14639-25-9 C18H15CrN3O6
    Picolinic acid, chromium salt